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Cui C, Zhang H, Gu Y, Geng L, Jia Y, Lin S, Ma J, Luo Z. Tailoring Titanium Carbide Clusters for New Materials: from Met-Cars to Carbon-Doped Superatoms. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9302-9310. [PMID: 38506150 PMCID: PMC10996009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring materials with prescribed properties and regular structures is a critical and challenging research topic. Early transition metals were found to form supermagic M8C12 metallocarbohedrenes (Met-Cars); however, stable metal carbides are not limited to this common stoichiometry. Utilizing self-developed deep-ultraviolet laser ionization mass spectrometry, here, we report a strategy to generate new titanium carbides by reacting pure Tin clusters with acetylene. Interestingly, two products corresponding to Ti17C2 and Ti19C10 exhibit superior abundances in addition to the Ti8C12 Met-Cars. Using global-minimum search, the structures of Ti17C2 and Ti19C10 are determined to be an ellipsoidal D4d and a rod-shaped D5h geometry, respectively, both with carbon-capped Ti4C moieties and superatomic features. We illustrate the electronic structures and bonding nature in these carbon-doped superatoms concerning their enhanced stability and local aromaticity, shedding light on a new class of metal-carbide nanomaterials with atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Cui
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Geng L, Sengupta T, Li X, Cui C, Lin S, Xu XL, Reber AC, Khanna SN, Zheng WJ, Luo Z. Unusually High-Spin Fe 12C 12- Metallo-Carbohedrene Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38041728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnets constructed from nanometals of atomic precision are important for innovative advances in information storage, energy conversion, and spintronic microdevices. Considerable success has been achieved in designing molecular magnets, which, however, are challenging in preparation and may suffer from drawbacks on the incompatibility of high stability and strong ferromagnetism. Utilizing a state-of-the-art self-developed mass spectrometer and a homemade laser vaporization source, we have achieved a highly efficient preparation of pure iron clusters, and here, we report the finding of a strongly ferromagnetic metal-carbon cluster, Fe12C12-, simply by reacting the Fen- clusters with acetylene in proper conditions. The unique stability of this ferromagnetic Fe12C12- cluster is rooted in a plumb-bob structure pertaining to Jahn-Teller distortion. We classify Fe12C12- as a new member of metallo-carbohedrenes and elucidate its structural stability mechanism as well as its soft-landing deposition and magnetization measurements, providing promise for the exploration of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Turbasu Sengupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Xilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Liu PB, Guo JJ, Zhao HY, Ma HM, Wang J, Liu Y. Novel Isomer of Volleyballene Sc 20C 60. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7510-7517. [PMID: 37647565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The Stone-Wales defect is a well-known and significant defective structure in carbon materials, impacting their mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties. Recently, a novel metal-carbon nanomaterial named Volleyballene was discovered, characterized by a C-C bond bridging two carbon pentagons. Using first-principles calculations, a stable Stone-Wales-defective counterpart of Volleyballene, exhibiting Th symmetry, has been proposed by rotating the C-C bond by 90°. Although its binding energy per atom is slightly higher than that of Volleyballene (ΔEb = 0.009 eV/atom), implying marginally lower structural stability, it can maintain its bond structure until the effective temperature reaches about 1500 K, indicating greater thermodynamic stability. Additionally, its highest vibration frequency is 1346.2 cm-1, indicating a strong chemical bond strength. A theoretical analysis of the Sc20C60 + Sc20C60 binary systems highlights that the stable building block may be applied in potential nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Liu
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
| | - Hong-Man Ma
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei, China
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4
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Spectroscopic identification towards tunable mesoscale aggregates of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin for materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bonding-restricted structure search for novel 2D materials with dispersed C2 dimers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29531. [PMID: 27403589 PMCID: PMC4941692 DOI: 10.1038/srep29531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the available algorithms for unbiased structure searches are primarily atom-based, where atoms are manipulated as the elementary units, and energy is used as the target function without any restrictions on the bonding of atoms. In fact, in many cases such as nanostructure-assembled materials, the structural units are nanoclusters. We report a study of a bonding-restricted structure search method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for finding the stable structures of two-dimensional (2D) materials containing dispersed C2 dimers rather than individual C atoms. The C2 dimer can be considered as a prototype of nanoclusters. Taking Si-C, B-C and Ti-C systems as test cases, our method combined with density functional theory and phonon calculations uncover new ground state geometrical structures for SiC2, Si2C2, BC2, B2C2, TiC2, and Ti2C2 sheets and their low-lying energy allotropes, as well as their electronic structures. Equally important, this method can be applied to other complex systems even containing f elements and other molecular dimers such as S2, N2, B2 and Si2, where the complex orbital orientations require extensive search for finding the optimal orientations to maximize the bonding with the dimers, predicting new 2D materials beyond MXenes (a family of transition metal carbides or nitrides) and dichalcogenide monolayers.
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Abstract
An exceptionally stable hollow cage containing 20 scandium atoms and 60 carbon atoms has been identified. This Sc20C60 molecular cluster has a Th point group symmetry and a volleyball-like shape that we refer to below as "Volleyballene". Electronic structure analysis shows that the formation of delocalized π bonds between Sc atoms and the neighboring pentagonal rings made of carbon atoms is crucial for stabilizing the cage structure. A relatively large HOMO-LUMO gap (∼1.4 eV) was found. The results of vibrational frequency analysis and molecular dynamics simulations both demonstrate that this Volleyballene molecule is exceptionally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China. and State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Man Ma
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China. and National Key Laboratory for Materials Simulation and Design, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Jimenez-Izal E, Ugalde J, Matxain J. Nanocluster-Assembled Materials. SERIES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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8
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Zhao T, Zhang S, Guo Y, Wang Q. TiC2: a new two-dimensional sheet beyond MXenes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:233-42. [PMID: 26503155 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are attracting attention due to their rich chemistry and intriguing properties. Here a new type of metal-carbon-based sheet composed of transition metal centers and C2 dimers rather than individual C atom is designed. Taking the Ti system as a test case, density functional theory calculations combined with a thermodynamic analysis uncover the thermal and dynamic stability of the sheet, as well as a metallic band structure, anisotropic Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, a high heat capacity, and a large Debye stiffness. Moreover, the TiC2 sheet has an excellent Li storage capacity with a small migration barrier, a lower mass density compared with standard MXenes, and better chemical stability as compared to the MXene Ti2C sheet. When Ti is replaced with other transition metal centers, diverse new MC2 sheets containing C=C dimers can be formed, the properties of which merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshan Zhao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, and Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shunhong Zhang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, and Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yaguang Guo
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, and Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, and Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Dollinger A, Park EJ, Strobel CH, Bleuel H, Marsteller A, Seo HO, Kim YD, Ganteför G. Thin films of size-selected Mo clusters: growth modes and structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The growth pattern of film highly depends on cluster size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Ji Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- 440-746 Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hannes Bleuel
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- D-78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | | | - Hyun Ook Seo
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science/DESY
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Young Dok Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- 440-746 Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gerd Ganteför
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- D-78457 Konstanz
- Germany
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10
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Lamiel-Garcia O, Bromley ST, Illas F. Low-energy nanoscale clusters of (TiC) n n = 6, 12: a structural and energetic comparison with MgO. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Liu Z, Wang X, Zhu H. New nanomaterials based on In12As12cages: an ab initio bottom-up study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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