1
|
Cheng GJ, Zhong XM, Wu YD, Zhang X. Mechanistic understanding of catalysis by combining mass spectrometry and computation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12749-12764. [PMID: 31560354 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The combination of mass spectrometry and computational chemistry has been proven to be powerful for exploring reaction mechanisms. The former provides information of reaction intermediates, while the latter gives detailed reaction energy profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhong
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Attygalle AB, Xia H, Pavlov J. Influence of Ionization Source Conditions on the Gas-Phase Protomer Distribution of Anilinium and Related Cations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1575-1586. [PMID: 28397015 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase-ion generation technique and specific ion-source settings of a mass spectrometer influence heavily the protonation processes of molecules and the abundance ratio of the generated protomers. Hitherto that has been attributed primarily to the nature of the solvent and the pH. By utilizing electrospray ionization and ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), we demonstrate, even in the seemingly trivial case of protonated aniline, that the protomer ratio strongly depends on the source conditions. Under low in-source ion activation, nearly 100% of the N-protomer of aniline is produced, and it can be subsequently converted to the C-protomer by collisional activation effected by increasing the electrical potential difference between the entrance and exit orifices of the first vacuum region. This activation and transformation process takes place even before the ion is mass-selected and subjected to IM separation. Despite the apparent simplicity of the problem, the preferred protonation site of aniline in the gas phase-the amino group or the aromatic ring-has been a topic of controversy. Our results not only provide unambiguous evidence that ring- and nitrogen-protonated aniline can coexist and be interconverted in the gas phase, but also that the ratio of the protomers depends on the internal energy of the original ion. There are many dynamic ion-transformation and fragmentation processes that take place in the different physical compartments of a Synapt G2 HDMS instrument. Such processes can dramatically change the very identity even of small ions, and therefore should be taken into account when interpreting product-ion mass spectra. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
| | - Hanxue Xia
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Julius Pavlov
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chendo C, Moreira G, Tintaru A, Posocco P, Laurini E, Lefay C, Gigmes D, Viel S, Pricl S, Charles L. Anomerization of Acrylated Glucose During Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1483-1493. [PMID: 26041082 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anomerization of simple sugars in the liquid phase is known as an acid- and base-catalyzed process, which highly depends on solvent polarity. This reaction is reported here to occur in the gas phase, during traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) experiments aimed at separating α- and β-anomers of penta-acrylated glucose generated as ammonium adducts in electrospray ionization. This compound was available in two samples prepared from glucose dissolved in solvents of different polarity, namely tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) as well as traveling wave ion mobility (ESI-TWIMS-MS). In MS/MS, an anchimerically-assisted process was found to be unique to the electrosprayed α-anomer, and was only observed for the THF sample. In ESI-TWIMS-MS, a signal was measured at the drift time expected for the α-anomer for both the THF and DMAC samples, in apparent contradiction to the MS/MS results, which indicated that the α-anomer was not present in the DMAC sample. However, MS/MS experiments performed after TWIMS separation revealed that ammonium adducts of the α-anomer produced from each sample, although exhibiting the same collision cross section, were clearly different. Indeed, while the α-anomer actually present in the THF sample was electrosprayed with the ammonium adducted at the C2 acrylate, its homologue only observed when the DMAC sample was subjected to TWIMS hold the adducted ammonium at the C1 acrylate. These findings were explained by a β/α inter-conversion upon injection in the TWIMS cell, as supported by theoretical calculation and dynamic molecular modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chendo
- Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng GJ, Chen P, Sun TY, Zhang X, Yu JQ, Wu YD. A combined IM-MS/DFT study on [Pd(MPAA)]-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation: relay of chirality through a rigid framework. Chemistry 2015; 21:11180-8. [PMID: 26186414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A combined ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and DFT study has been employed to investigate the mechanism and the origin of selectivity of palladium/mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA)-catalyzed enantioselective CH activation reactions of several prochiral substrates. We captured the [Pd(MPAA)(substrate)] complex at different stages, and demonstrated that the CH bond can be activated in the absence of an external base. DFT studies lead to the establishment of a significantly modified relay mechanism invoking a key conformational effect to account for the origin of enantioselectivity. This relay mechanism successfully accounts for the enantioselectivity for all the relevant reactions reported. The enantioselectivity originates from the rigid square-planar Pd coordination in the CH activation transition state: Bidentate MPAA and substrate coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 (P.R. China)
| | - Ping Chen
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 (P.R. China)
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 (P.R. China)
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 (P.R. China).
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, California 92037 (USA).
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 (P.R. China). .,College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China).
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pujari SA, Besnard C, Bürgi T, Lacour J. A Mild and Efficient CH2-Extrusion Reaction for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of Highly Configurationally Stable Tröger Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7520-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
6
|
Pujari SA, Besnard C, Bürgi T, Lacour J. A Mild and Efficient CH2-Extrusion Reaction for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of Highly Configurationally Stable Tröger Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Domalain V, Tognetti V, Hubert-Roux M, Lange CM, Joubert L, Baudoux J, Rouden J, Afonso C. Role of cationization and multimers formation for diastereomers differentiation by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1437-1445. [PMID: 23860852 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemistry plays an important role in biochemistry, particularly in therapeutic applications. Indeed, enantiomers have different biological activities, which can have important consequences. Many analytical techniques have been developed in order to allow the identification and the separation of stereoisomers. Here, we focused our work on the study of small diastereomers using the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility and mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) as a new alternative for stereochemistry study. In order to optimize the separation, the formation of adducts between diastereomers (M) and different alkali cations (X) was carried out. Thus, monomers [M + X](+) and multimers [2M + X](+) and [3M + X](+) ions have been studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Moreover, it has been shown that the study of the multimer [2Y + M + Li](+) ion, in which Y is an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand, allows the diastereomers separation. The combination of cationization, multimers ions formation, and IM-MS is a novel and powerful approach for the diastereomers identification. Thus, by this technique, diastereomers can be identified although they present very close conformations in gaseous phase. This work presents the first TWIMS-MS separation of diastereomers, which present very close collision cross section thanks to the formation of multimers and the use of an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Domalain
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis and characterisation of a new naphthalene tris-Tröger’s base derivative—a chiral molecular clip. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
Tsybizova A, Rulíšek L, Schröder D, Rokob TA. Coordination and Bond Activation in Complexes of Regioisomeric Phenylpyridines with the Nickel(II) Chloride Cation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3052455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaffer CJ, Schröder D, Gütz C, Lützen A. Intramolekulare C-H-Aktivierung mit flexibler Ester-Verknüpfung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Shaffer CJ, Schröder D, Gütz C, Lützen A. Intramolecular CH Bond Activation through a Flexible Ester Linkage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8097-100. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|