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Menzikov SA, Zaichenko DM, Moskovtsev AA, Morozov SG, Kubatiev AA. Phenols and GABA A receptors: from structure and molecular mechanisms action to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1272534. [PMID: 38303988 PMCID: PMC10831359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1272534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, which are widespread throughout the invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous system. GABAARs are engaged in short-term changes of the neuronal concentrations of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) ions by their passive permeability through the ion channel pore. GABAARs are regulated by various structurally diverse phenolic substances ranging from simple phenols to complex polyphenols. The wide chemical and structural variability of phenols suggest similar and different binding sites on GABAARs, allowing them to manifest themselves as activators, inhibitors, or allosteric ligands of GABAAR function. Interest in phenols is associated with their great potential for GABAAR modulation, but also with their subsequent negative or positive role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the GABAergic deficit hypotheses during neurological and psychiatric disorders induced by various phenols. We summarize the structure-activity relationship of general phenol groups concerning their differential roles in the manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We describe and analyze the role of GABAAR subunits in manifesting various neuropathologies and the molecular mechanisms underlying their modulation by phenols. Finally, we discuss how phenol drugs can modulate GABAAR activity via desensitization and resensitization. We also demonstrate a novel pharmacological approach to treat neuropsychiatric disorders via regulation of receptor phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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3
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León I, Fernández JA. Influence of the solvent in the electronic excitation of aromatic alcohols: Excited state IR-UV of propofol(H 2O) 8. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:214306. [PMID: 31176335 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that water plays an important role in the reactivity and dynamics in a solution of molecules in electronic excited states. For example, electronic excitation is usually accompanied by a solvent rearrangement that may also influence the redistribution of the excitation energy. However, there is a lack of experimental data on such processes. Here, we explore the structural changes that follow electronic excitation in aggregates of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) with up to eight water molecules, using a combination of mass-resolved excitation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The molecules of water form a polyhedron around the hydroxyl group of propofol, also interacting with the π cloud of the aromatic ring. Electronic excitation produces a strong structural change in the water superstructure, which moves to an interaction with one of the carbon atoms of the aromatic ring, producing its distortion into a prefulvenic structure. Such deformation is not observed in smaller water clusters or in propofol-phenol aggregates highlighting the decisive role played by the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
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Stamm A, Maué D, Gerhards M. Structural Rearrangement by Isomer-Specific Infrared Excitation in the Neutral Isolated Dihydrated Cluster of 3-Hydroxyflavone. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4360-4366. [PMID: 29991253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isomer-specific, IR-induced reactions in the electronic ground state (S0) can be of great interest to control reaction pathways. Here we show a first example of these reactions with isomer-specific excitation and formation of a new isomer under isolated conditions in a molecular beam experiment. The investigated dihydrated cluster of 3-hydroxyflavone forms two isomers, I and D, in the S0 state. We show that only a mode-specific excitation of isomer I leads to a structural rearrangement yielding an isomer that has not been identified so far. This isomer is assigned in comparison to quantum chemical calculations. The experiments are performed by applying an IR/IR method in combination with a mass-selective resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) process. Usually these kinds of IR/IR/R2PI methods are chosen to discriminate isomers; here it is demonstrated that this powerful method can also be applied for analysis of IR-induced reactions probed by an IR/R2PI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Stamm
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas , TU Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52 , D-67663 Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Dominique Maué
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas , TU Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52 , D-67663 Kaiserslautern , Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas , TU Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52 , D-67663 Kaiserslautern , Germany
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5
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Qiu L, Lin J, Liu Q, Wang S, Lv G, Li K, Shi H, Huang Z, Bertaccini EJ. The Role of the Hydroxyl Group in Propofol-Protein Target Recognition: Insights from ONIOM Studies. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5883-5896. [PMID: 28548837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (PFL, 1-hydroxyl-2,6-diisopropylbenzene) is currently used widely as one of the most well-known intravenous anesthetics to relieve surgical suffering, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that the hydroxyl group of PFL plays a dominant role in the molecular recognition of PFL with receptors that lead to hypnosis. To further explore the mechanism of anesthesia induced by PFL in the present work, the exact binding features and interaction details of PFL with three important proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), the pH-gated ion channel from Gloeobacter violaceus (GLIC), and horse spleen apoferritin (HSAF), were investigated systematically by using a rigorous three-layer ONIOM (M06-2X/6-31+G*:PM6:AMBER) method. Additionally, to further characterize the possible importance of such hydroxyl interactions, a similar set of calculations was carried out on the anesthetically inactive fropofol (FFL, 1-fluoro-2,6-diisopropylbenzene) in which the fluorine was substituted for the hydroxyl. According to the ONIOM calculations, atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses, and electrostatic potential (ESP) analyses, the significance of hydrogen bond, halogen bond, and hydrophobic interactions in promoting proper molecular recognition was revealed. The binding interaction energies of PFL with different proteins were generally larger than FFL and are a significant determinant of their differential anesthetic efficacies. Interestingly, although the hydrogen-bonding effect of the hydroxyl moiety was prominent in propofol, the substitution of the 1-hydroxyl by a fluorine atom did not prevent FFL from binding to the protein via a halogen-bonding interaction. It therefore became clear that multiple specific interactions rather than just hydrogen or halogen bonds must be taken into account to explain the different anesthesia endpoints caused by PFL and FFL. The contributions of key residues in ligand-receptor binding were also quantified, and the calculated results agreed with many available experimental observations. This work will provide complementary insights into the molecular mechanisms of anesthetic action for PFL from a robust theoretical point of view. This will not only assist in interpreting experimental observations but will also help to develop working hypotheses for further experiments and future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine , 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Edward J Bertaccini
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine , 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Palo Alto VA Health Care System, 112A, PAVAHCS , 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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6
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Vaishnav JK, Hill JG, Das A. Interplay among Electrostatic, Dispersion, and Steric Interactions: Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations of π-Hydrogen Bonded Complexes. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:828-838. [PMID: 28124829 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
π-Hydrogen bonding interactions are ubiquitous in both materials and biology. Despite their relatively weak nature, great progress has been made in their investigation by experimental and theoretical methods, but this becomes significantly more complicated when secondary intermolecular interactions are present. In this study, the effect of successive methyl substitution on the supramolecular structure and interaction energy of indole⋅⋅⋅methylated benzene (ind⋅⋅⋅n-mb, n=1-6) complexes is probed through a combination of supersonic jet experiments and benchmark-quality quantum chemical calculations. It is demonstrated that additional secondary interactions introduce a subtle interplay among electrostatic and dispersion forces, as well as steric repulsion, which fine-tunes the overall structural motif. Resonant two-photon ionization and IR-UV double-resonance spectroscopy techniques are used to probe jet-cooled ind⋅⋅⋅n-mb (n=2, 3, 6) complexes, with redshifting of the N-H IR stretching frequency showing that increasing the degree of methyl substitution increases the strength of the primary N-H⋅⋅⋅π interaction. Ab initio harmonic frequency and binding energy calculations confirm this trend for all six complexes. Electronic spectra of the three dimers are broad and structureless, with quantum chemical calculations revealing that this is likely to be due to multiple tilted conformations of each dimer possessing similar stabilization energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Present address: Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jamuna K Vaishnav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.,Present address: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Khandwa Rd, Simrol, Madhya, Pradesh, 452020, India
| | - J Grant Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Aloke Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Schwing K, Gerhards M. Investigations on isolated peptides by combined IR/UV spectroscopy in a molecular beam – structure, aggregation, solvation and molecular recognition. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2016.1229331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Woll KA, Murlidaran S, Pinch BJ, Hénin J, Wang X, Salari R, Covarrubias M, Dailey WP, Brannigan G, Garcia BA, Eckenhoff RG. A Novel Bifunctional Alkylphenol Anesthetic Allows Characterization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Type A (GABAA), Receptor Subunit Binding Selectivity in Synaptosomes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20473-86. [PMID: 27462076 PMCID: PMC5034043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, is a positive modulator of the GABAA receptor, but the mechanistic details, including the relevant binding sites and alternative targets, remain disputed. Here we undertook an in-depth study of alkylphenol-based anesthetic binding to synaptic membranes. We designed, synthesized, and characterized a chemically active alkylphenol anesthetic (2-((prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)methyl)-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)phenol, AziPm-click (1)), for affinity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of propofol-binding proteins in their native state within mouse synaptosomes. The ABPP strategy captured ∼4% of the synaptosomal proteome, including the unbiased capture of five α or β GABAA receptor subunits. Lack of γ2 subunit capture was not due to low abundance. Consistent with this, independent molecular dynamics simulations with alchemical free energy perturbation calculations predicted selective propofol binding to interfacial sites, with higher affinities for α/β than γ-containing interfaces. The simulations indicated hydrogen bonding is a key component leading to propofol-selective binding within GABAA receptor subunit interfaces, with stable hydrogen bonds observed between propofol and α/β cavity residues but not γ cavity residues. We confirmed this by introducing a hydrogen bond-null propofol analogue as a protecting ligand for targeted-ABPP and observed a lack of GABAA receptor subunit protection. This investigation demonstrates striking interfacial GABAA receptor subunit selectivity in the native milieu, suggesting that asymmetric occupancy of heteropentameric ion channels by alkylphenol-based anesthetics is sufficient to induce modulation of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Woll
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pharmacology and
| | | | - Benika J Pinch
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jérôme Hénin
- the Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS UMR 8251 and Université Paris Diderot, 5013 Paris, France, and
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- the Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Reza Salari
- the Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102
| | - Manuel Covarrubias
- the Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - William P Dailey
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Grace Brannigan
- the Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- the Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Qiu L, Lin J, Bertaccini EJ. Insights into the Nature of Anesthetic-Protein Interactions: An ONIOM Study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12771-82. [PMID: 26388288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics have been employed widely to relieve surgical suffering, but their mechanism of action is not yet clear. For over a century, the mechanism of anesthesia was previously thought to be via lipid bilayer interactions. In the present work, a rigorous three-layer ONIOM(M06-2X/6-31+G*:PM6:AMBER) method was utilized to investigate the nature of interactions between several anesthetics and actual protein binding sites. According to the calculated structural features, interaction energies, atomic charges, and electrostatic potential surfaces, the amphiphilic nature of anesthetic-protein interactions was demonstrated for both inhalational and injectable anesthetics. The existence of hydrogen and halogen bonding interactions between anesthetics and proteins was clearly identified, and these interactions served to assist ligand recognition and binding by the protein. Within all complexes of inhalational or injectable anesthetics, the polarization effects play a dominant role over the steric effects and induce a significant asymmetry in the otherwise symmetric atomic charge distributions of the free ligands in vacuo. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of action of general anesthetics in a more rigorous way than previously described. Future rational design of safer anesthetics for an aging and more physiologically vulnerable population will be predicated on this greater understanding of such specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto VA Health Care System , 112A, PAVAHCS, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Edward J Bertaccini
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto VA Health Care System , 112A, PAVAHCS, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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10
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Woll KA, Weiser BP, Liang Q, Meng T, McKinstry-Wu A, Pinch B, Dailey WP, Gao WD, Covarrubias M, Eckenhoff RG. Role for the propofol hydroxyl in anesthetic protein target molecular recognition. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:927-35. [PMID: 25799399 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is a widely used intravenous general anesthetic. We synthesized 2-fluoro-1,3-diisopropylbenzene, a compound that we call "fropofol", to directly assess the significance of the propofol 1-hydroxyl for pharmacologically relevant molecular recognition in vitro and for anesthetic efficacy in vivo. Compared to propofol, fropofol had a similar molecular volume and only a small increase in hydrophobicity. Isothermal titration calorimetry and competition assays revealed that fropofol had higher affinity for a protein site governed largely by van der Waals interactions. Within another protein model containing hydrogen bond interactions, propofol demonstrated higher affinity. In vivo, fropofol demonstrated no anesthetic efficacy, but at high concentrations produced excitatory activity in tadpoles and mice; fropofol also antagonized propofol-induced hypnosis. In a propofol protein target that contributes to hypnosis, α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors, fropofol demonstrated no significant effect alone or on propofol positive allosteric modulation of the ion channel, suggesting an additional requirement for the 1-hydroxyl within synaptic GABAA receptor site(s). However, fropofol caused similar adverse cardiovascular effects as propofol by a dose-dependent depression of myocardial contractility. Our results directly implicate the propofol 1-hydroxyl as contributing to molecular recognition within protein targets leading to hypnosis, but not necessarily within protein targets leading to side effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiansheng Liang
- Department
of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 417, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology
and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | | | - Benika Pinch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - William P. Dailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology
and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Manuel Covarrubias
- Department
of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN 417, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
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11
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León I, Usabiaga I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Mimicking anesthetic-receptor interactions in jets: the propofol-isopropanol cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16968-75. [PMID: 25005780 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the general anesthetic propofol with an individual residue of threonine in the membrane receptors has been modeled in the gas phase by examining the adduct of propofol with the isopropanol side-chain. We determined the structural preferences of the cluster using a combination of mass-resolved laser spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations. The first electronic transition of propofol-isopropanol was recorded with vibrational resolution using resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and ion dip IR spectroscopy. The spectra obtained were compared with density-functional calculations (DFT) using the M06-2X functional in order to obtain the cluster's structure. Three isomers have been detected. The results suggest that propofol acts as a Brønsted acid, donating a proton to the isopropanol molecule in a conformation that resembles that of propofol-water, but displaced towards the aromatic ring, due to the interaction with the aliphatic side of isopropanol. The higher affinity of propofol for isopropanol compared to water may correlate with the biological role of propofol at the protein binding site. On the other hand, propofol shows a similar affinity for isopropanol and phenol, which could explain the mobility that propofol experiences inside the GABAA cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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12
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León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Water Encapsulation by Nanomicelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12480-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Water Encapsulation by Nanomicelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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León I, González J, Millán J, Castaño F, Fernández JA. Behind the reactivity of lactones: a computational and spectroscopic study of phenol·γ-butyrolactone. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2568-75. [PMID: 24678986 DOI: 10.1021/jp4103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the intermolecular interaction between phenol and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) has been studied by a combination of spectroscopic and computational techniques. The electronic and vibrational transitions of phenol · GBL were measured in a supersonic jet expansion by resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and ion dip IR (IDIR) spectroscopy. The results obtained were compared with calculations carried out with both M06-2X and MP2 molecular orbital methods in order to characterize the intermolecular interactions. The singly detected conformer is stabilized by a relatively strong hydrogen bond in which phenol acts as a proton donor to the carbonyl group of GBL. The phenol · GBL2 cluster has also been studied, finding up to three populated conformers. Nevertheless, in the three species, the main interaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the GBL's carbonyl group remains similar to that of phenol · GBL. Furthermore, the C ═ O · · · H interaction is reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a, Universidad del Paı́s Vasco-UPV/EHU , B. Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
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15
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Rijs AM, Oomens J. IR Spectroscopic Techniques to Study Isolated Biomolecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 364:1-42. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Molecular hydration of propofol dimers in supersonic expansions: formation of active centre-like structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23301-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvation of propofol dimers is characterized by the formation of hydrogen bond networks attached to an active site-like centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Judith Millán
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Agricultural Studies and Informatics
- University of La Rioja
- Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Emilio J. Cocinero
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Alberto Lesarri
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Valladolid
- Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa 48940, Spain
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17
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Aguado E, León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Jaeqx S, Rijs AM, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Unraveling the Benzocaine–Receptor Interaction at Molecular Level Using Mass-Resolved Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13472-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4068944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Aguado
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), B°
Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iker León
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), B°
Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Judith Millán
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de
Ciencias, Estudios Agroalimentarios
e Informática, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios,
51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Emilio J. Cocinero
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), B°
Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Sander Jaeqx
- Radboud
University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Facility, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Radboud
University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Facility, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lesarri
- Departamento de Química Física y Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia
y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), B°
Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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18
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León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Transition from Planar to Nonplanar Hydrogen Bond Networks in the Solvation of Aromatic Dimers: Propofol2-(H2O)2–4. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3396-404. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401386y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940,
Spain
| | - Judith Millán
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty
of Science, Agroalimentary Studies and Informatics, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 51, Logroño 26006,
Spain
| | - Emilio J. Cocinero
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940,
Spain
| | - Alberto Lesarri
- Department of Physical
Chemistry
and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940,
Spain
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19
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León I, Millán J, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Magic Numbers in the Solvation of the Propofol Dimer. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1558-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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León I, Cocinero EJ, Rijs AM, Millán J, Alonso E, Lesarri A, Fernández JA. Formation of water polyhedrons in propofol–water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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León I, Millán J, Castaño F, Fernández JA. A Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Propofol Dimers and Their Hydrated Clusters. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3819-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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León I, Cocinero EJ, Lesarri A, Castaño F, Fernández JA. A Spectroscopic Approach to the Solvation of Anesthetics in Jets: Propofol(H2O)n, n = 4–6. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8934-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305795u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco—UPV/EHU, Barrio
de Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Emilio J. Cocinero
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco—UPV/EHU, Barrio
de Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto Lesarri
- Departamento de Química
Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Castaño
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco—UPV/EHU, Barrio
de Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco—UPV/EHU, Barrio
de Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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23
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León I, Cocinero EJ, Millán J, Rijs AM, Usabiaga I, Lesarri A, Castaño F, Fernández JA. A combined spectroscopic and theoretical study of propofol·(H2O)3. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:074303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4743960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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León I, Montero R, Castaño F, Longarte A, Fernández JA. Mass-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Complexes without Chromophore by Nonresonant Femtosecond Ionization Detection. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6798-803. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303937h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Dpto. Química Física, Fac. Ciencia y
Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- Dpto. Química Física, Fac. Ciencia y
Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Castaño
- Dpto. Química Física, Fac. Ciencia y
Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Dpto. Química Física, Fac. Ciencia y
Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández
- Dpto. Química Física, Fac. Ciencia y
Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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