1
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Stange P, Verevkin SP, Ludwig R. Combined Spectroscopic, Thermodynamic, and Theoretical Approach for Detecting and Quantifying Hydrogen Bonding and Dispersion Interaction in Ionic Liquids. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3441-3450. [PMID: 37956209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusIonic liquids (ILs) are attracting increasing interest in science and engineering due to their unique properties that can be tailored for specific applications. Clearly, a better understanding of their behavior on the microscopic scale will help to elucidate macroscopic fluid phenomena and thereby promote potential applications. The advantageous properties of these innovative fluids arise from the delicate balance of Coulomb interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces. The development of these properties requires a fundamental understanding of the strength, location, and direction of the different types of interactions and their contribution to the overall phase behavior. Contrary to expectations, hydrogen bonding and dispersion interactions have a significant influence on the structure, dynamics, and phase behavior of ILs.The synergy between experimental and theoretical methods has now advanced to a stage where hydrogen bonds and dispersion effects as well as the competition between the two can be studied in detail. In this account, we demonstrate that a suitable combination of spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and theoretical methods enables the detection, dissection, and quantification of noncovalent interactions, even in complex systems such as ionic liquids. This approach encompasses far-infrared vibrational spectroscopy (FIR), various thermodynamic methods for determining enthalpies of vaporization, and quantum chemical techniques that allow us to switch dispersion contributions on or off when calculating the energies and spectroscopic properties of clusters.We briefly discuss these experimental and theoretical methods, before providing various examples illustrating how the mélange of Coulomb interaction, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion forces can be analyzed, and their individual contributions quantified. First, we demonstrated that both hydrogen bonding and dispersion interactions are manifested in the FIR spectra and can be quantified by observed shifts of characteristic spectral signatures. Through the selection of suitable protic ionic liquids (PILs) featuring anions with varying interaction strengths and alkyl chain lengths, we were able to demonstrate that dispersion interactions can compete with hydrogen bonding. The resultant transition enthalpy serves as a measure of the dispersion interaction. Contrary to expectations, PILs possess lower enthalpies of vaporization compared with aprotic ILs (AILs). The reason for this is simple: In protic ILs, ion pairs carry both the hydrogen bond and attractive dispersion between the cation and anion into the gas phase. By utilizing a well-curated set of protic ILs and molecular analogues, we successfully disentangled Coulomb interaction, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion interaction through purely thermodynamic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stange
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey P Verevkin
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department LL&M, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Ma L, Zhong Z, Hu J, Qing L, Jiang J. Long-Lived Weak Ion Pairs in Ionic Liquids: An Insight from All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37262343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and local dynamics of ions in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their extensive potential applications in numerous fields. It is well-known that the widely used definitions of ion pairs (IPs) cannot reflect the full picture of RTILs. In this study, we find a universal residence time (τMR), which is regardless of the number of counterions in the first solvation shell in RTILs. Inspired by this, we propose a weak IP (WIP) model from a spatiotemporal perspective and demonstrate that the WIPs are long-lived and that their lifetimes obey a log-normal distribution, which is different from the literature. In addition, the electrostatic interactions are the main factors in the formation of WIPs, and the reorientations of ions are vital to the ruptures of WIPs. This research provides a new perspective for understanding the microstructural and dynamical properties of RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junbao Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Leying Qing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. Microheterogeneity-Induced Vibrational Spectral Dynamics of Aqueous 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids of Different Cationic Chain Lengths. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5523-5533. [PMID: 35833870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have monitored the impacts of an increment in the alkyl chain length of the imidazolium-based tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids on the local deuteroxyl probe modes of interest. For this study, we have taken 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIm][BF4], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIm][BF4], 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIm][BF4], and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [DMIm][BF4] ionic liquid solutions with 5% HOD in H2O as the vibrational reporter of the associated ultrafast system dynamics. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to determine molecular structure and dynamic properties, while the spectral profiles were derived by applying the wavelet analysis of classical trajectories. Spatial distribution functions reveal the heterogeneity within the molecular structures of the ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths. The intense position of the spectral peak, the frequency corresponding to the shoulder peak, and the spectral linewidth of the O-D stretch distribution are not influenced by the increment in the cationic chain length. In addition, the ionic liquid (IL) [BMIm][BF4] exhibits a notable trend; the dynamic timescales are longer than the other studied systems. Therefore, we have performed the Voronoi decomposition analysis of the ionic and the polar-apolar domains, symmetrically increasing the length of alkyl chains on the IL cations. Domain analysis reveals structural microheterogeneity; the anions form discrete domains, and the ionic liquid constituting cations form continuous domains irrespective of the alkyl chain length on the imidazolium cations. Therefore, this computational ultrafast spectroscopy study aids in forming a molecular-level picture of the ionic liquid cations and anions in the liquid phase, providing a detailed interpretation of the spectral properties of the probe stretching vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
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4
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Araújo JR, de Andrade RB, Batista HJ, Ventura E, do Monte SA. Can a gas phase contact ion pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation be formed in the ground state? RSC Adv 2021; 11:4221-4230. [PMID: 35424376 PMCID: PMC8694316 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, no conclusive evidence of a ground-state contact ion-pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation has been given in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Araújo
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio J. Batista
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | - Silmar A. do Monte
- Departamento de Química
- CCEN
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
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5
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Reddy TDN, Mallik BS. Heterogeneity in the microstructure and dynamics of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide ionic liquids: insight from classical molecular dynamics simulations and Voronoi tessellation analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3466-3480. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic structural and dynamic heterogeneities were investigated for three ionic liquids (ILs), tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide employing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhabani S. Mallik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy
- India
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7
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Sanchora P, Pandey DK, Rana D, Materny A, Singh DK. Impact of Size and Electronegativity of Halide Anions on Hydrogen Bonds and Properties of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4948-4963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Sanchora
- Department of Physics, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research & Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
| | - Deepak K. Pandey
- Department of Physics, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research & Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
| | - Debkumar Rana
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dheeraj K. Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research & Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
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8
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Ebrahimi S, Kowsari MH. Fine probing the effect of replacing [PF 6] - with [PF 3(C 2F 5) 3] - on the local structure and nanoscale organization of [bmim] +-based ionic liquids using MD simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3195-3210. [PMID: 30681093 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparative all-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the microscopic local structure and interionic interactions of two ionic liquids (ILs) composed of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, [bmim]+, coupled with the hexafluorophosphate, [PF6]-, or tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [FAP]-, anions. Respective distribution functions clearly reveal that the structural correlations between the cation and anion decrease when (i) replacing [PF6]- with [FAP]-, (ii) scaling the partial atomic charges, and (iii) considering the anion's structural flexibility versus rigidity. Replacement of [PF6]- with [FAP]- expands the nonpolar domains totally and causes the decreasing of the three-dimensional polar networks as well as the diminishing of the nano-aggregation of cation side chains. Current simulations show that with increasing the anion size and its charge delocalization, the probability of the in-plane cation-anion conformation, its related hydrogen bond acceptor ability, and the cation-cation π-π interaction decreases in accordance with the fluidity enhancements of the corresponding imidazolium-based IL. Hence, structural findings can explain and justify rationally the origins of the observed trends in the simulated dynamical properties of these ILs in our previous report. A complete understanding of the microscopic structure of ILs is necessary to control the outstanding properties of ILs as designer solvents that will support experimentalists for the best engineering design and a breakthrough efficiency of IL-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
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9
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Rösel S, Becker J, Allen WD, Schreiner PR. Probing the Delicate Balance between Pauli Repulsion and London Dispersion with Triphenylmethyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14421-14432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Chen S, Izgorodina EI. Prediction of 1H NMR chemical shifts for clusters of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 28650016 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used to elucidate the bulk structure of ionic liquids. In this work, we calculated 1H NMR chemical shifts of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (C2mim+) ionic liquids combined with various anions such as chloride (Cl), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), hexafluorophosphate (PF6), acetate (OAc), trifluoroacetate (TFA), and dicyanamide (DCA). The previously established level of theory, HF/6-311G+(3df,2p), was used for the accurate prediction of NMR chemical shifts both in gas phase and in solvents with varying dielectric constant such as CHCl3 and ethanol. The following factors affecting the predicted proton chemical shifts were considered. Firstly, ionic clusters consisting of 2, 8 and 16 ion pairs were optimized to model interionic interactions present in the bulk of ionic liquids. In larger clusters the distribution of the calculated chemical shifts of individual protons in the C2mim+ cation was examined with respect to the position of the cation in the cluster. We further confirmed that electronic properties of ionic liquids such as magnetic shielding had local nature, thus allowing us to accurately predict proton NMR chemical shifts of ionic liquids from relatively small-sized clusters. Secondly, solvent effects in single ion pairs as well as larger ionic clusters were accounted through a Conductor-like Polarisable Continuum Model (CPCM). Solvent effects generated through a dielectric constant of either chloroform or ethanol were found to be important in single ion pairs due to improved description of interionic distances. With increasing cluster size the difference between gas-phase and CPCM optimized structures became minimal, thus resulting in similar values for calculated 1H NMR chemical shifts. We also established that the model size that produced the best results for imidazolium ionic liquids strongly depended on the anion type. Strongly coordinating anions such as chloride and acetate require calculations of clusters consisting of at least 8 ion pairs, whereas weakly coordinating anions produce excellent accuracy for single ion pairs optimized in the presence of solvent. The polarity of the solvent was found to play a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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11
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Kachmar A, Carignano M, Laino T, Iannuzzi M, Hutter J. Mapping the Free Energy of Lithium Solvation in the Protic Ionic Liquid Ethylammonuim Nitrate: A Metadynamics Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3083-3090. [PMID: 28547888 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding lithium solvation and transport in ionic liquids is important due to their possible application in electrochemical devices. Using first-principles simulations aided by a metadynamics approach we study the free-energy landscape for lithium ions at infinite dilution in ethylammonium nitrate, a protic ionic liquid. We analyze the local structure of the liquid around the lithium cation and obtain a quantitative picture in agreement with experimental findings. Our simulations show that the lowest two free energy minima correspond to conformations with the lithium ion being solvated either by three or four nitrate ions with a transition barrier between them of 0.2 eV. Other less probable conformations having different solvation pattern are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kachmar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marcelo Carignano
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Teodoro Laino
- Industry Solutions and Cognitive Computing, IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hutter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Izgorodina EI, Seeger ZL, Scarborough DLA, Tan SYS. Quantum Chemical Methods for the Prediction of Energetic, Physical, and Spectroscopic Properties of Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6696-6754. [PMID: 28139908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of physicochemical properties of condensed systems is a longstanding goal of theoretical (quantum) chemistry. Ionic liquids comprising entirely of ions provide a unique challenge in this respect due to the diverse chemical nature of available ions and the complex interplay of intermolecular interactions among them, thus resulting in the wide variability of physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic, transport, and spectroscopic properties. It is well understood that intermolecular forces are directly linked to physicochemical properties of condensed systems, and therefore, an understanding of this relationship would greatly aid in the design and synthesis of functionalized materials with tailored properties for an application at hand. This review aims to give an overview of how electronic structure properties obtained from quantum chemical methods such as interaction/binding energy and its fundamental components, dipole moment, polarizability, and orbital energies, can help shed light on the energetic, physical, and spectroscopic properties of semi-Coulomb systems such as ionic liquids. Particular emphasis is given to the prediction of their thermodynamic, transport, spectroscopic, and solubilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Izgorodina
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zoe L Seeger
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David L A Scarborough
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel Y S Tan
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Halat P, Seeger ZL, Barrera Acevedo S, Izgorodina EI. Trends in Two- and Three-Body Effects in Multiscale Clusters of Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:577-588. [PMID: 27991797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Applications of higher correlated levels of ab initio theory to condensed systems require a significant amount of computational resources. The recent development of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) approach alleviates this issue by splitting the system into individual fragments and achieves the accuracy of the method by accounting for all possible two-body and three-body interactions. In this work a comprehensive application of the FMO approach in combination with a second order of Møller-Plesset perturbation theory method, MP2, is presented for multiscale clusters of ionic liquids such as [C1mim]X, [C1mpyr]X, [C2py]X, and [NMe4]X, where X = chloride and tetrafluoroborates, BF4-, with the clusters varying in size from 4, 8, 16, to 32 ion pairs. Reliable cutoff criteria for the inclusion of two-body and three-body interactions are identified for both HF energy and MP2 correlation energy to achieve the desired accuracy of 1 kJ mol-1. The importance of two-body and three-body interactions in ionic liquids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Halat
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zoe L Seeger
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Santiago Barrera Acevedo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University , 9 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800., Australia
| | - Ekaterina I Izgorodina
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Liu J, He X. Accurate prediction of energetic properties of ionic liquid clusters using a fragment-based quantum mechanical method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20657-20666. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03356g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) is of great significance to understand and design novel ILs with unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai
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15
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Singh DK, Rathke B, Kiefer J, Materny A. Molecular Structure and Interactions in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6274-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj K. Singh
- Physics
and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
- Technische
Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rathke
- Technische
Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Technische
Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Physics
and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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16
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Kirchner B, Malberg F, Firaha DS, Hollóczki O. Ion pairing in ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:463002. [PMID: 26509867 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/46/463002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present article we briefly review the extensive discussion in literature about the presence or absence of ion pair-like aggregates in ionic liquids. While some experimental studies point towards the presence of neutral subunits in ionic liquids, many other experiments cannot confirm or even contradict their existence. Ion pairs can be detected directly in the gas phase, but no direct method is available to observe such association behavior in the liquid, and the corresponding indirect experimental proofs are based on such assumptions as unity charges at the ions. However, we have shown by calculating ionic liquid clusters of different sizes that assuming unity charges for ILs is erroneous, because a substantial charge transfer is taking place between the ionic liquid ions that reduce their total charge. Considering these effects might establish a bridge between the contradicting experimental results on this matter. Beside these results, according to molecular dynamics simulations the lifetimes of ion-ion contacts and their joint motions are far too short to verify the existence of neutral units in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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17
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18
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Brehm M, Weber H, Thomas M, Hollóczki O, Kirchner B. Domain Analysis in Nanostructured Liquids: A Post-Molecular Dynamics Study at the Example of Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3271-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brehm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung Leipzig, Department Ökologische Chemie; Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Henry Weber
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Thomas
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
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19
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Fischer SA, Ueltschi TW, El-Khoury PZ, Mifflin AL, Hess WP, Wang HF, Cramer CJ, Govind N. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Static Normal Mode Analysis: The C-H Region of DMSO as a Case Study. J Phys Chem B 2015. [PMID: 26222601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen (C-H) vibration modes serve as key probes in the chemical identification of hydrocarbons and in vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy of hydrocarbons at the liquid/gas interface. Their assignments pose a challenge from a theoretical viewpoint. In this work, we present a detailed study of the C-H stretching region of dimethyl sulfoxide using a new ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) module that we have implemented in NWChem. Through a combination of AIMD simulations and static normal mode analysis, we interpret experimental infrared and Raman spectra and explore the role of anharmonic effects in this system. Comprehensive anharmonic normal mode analysis of the C-H stretching region casts doubt upon previous experimental assignments of the shoulder on the symmetric C-H stretching peak. In addition, our AIMD simulations also show significant broadening of the in-phase symmetric C-H stretching resonance, which suggests that the experimentally observed shoulder is due to thermal broadening of the symmetric stretching resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Fischer
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tyler W Ueltschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound , 1500 North Warner Street, Tacoma, Washington 98416, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda L Mifflin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound , 1500 North Warner Street, Tacoma, Washington 98416, United States
| | - Wayne P Hess
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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20
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Abstract
Ionic liquids (IL) and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) are two diverse fields for which there is a developing recognition of significant overlap. Doubly ionic H-bonds occur when a H-bond forms between a cation and anion, and are a key feature of ILs. Doubly ionic H-bonds represent a wide area of H-bonding which has yet to be fully recognised, characterised or explored. H-bonds in ILs (both protic and aprotic) are bifurcated and chelating, and unlike many molecular liquids a significant variety of distinct H-bonds are formed between different types and numbers of donor and acceptor sites within a given IL. Traditional more neutral H-bonds can also be formed in functionalised ILs, adding a further level of complexity. Ab initio computed parameters; association energies, partial charges, density descriptors as encompassed by the QTAIM methodology (ρBCP), qualitative molecular orbital theory and NBO analysis provide established and robust mechanisms for understanding and interpreting traditional neutral and ionic H-bonds. In this review the applicability and extension of these parameters to describe and quantify the doubly ionic H-bond has been explored. Estimating the H-bonding energy is difficult because at a fundamental level the H-bond and ionic interaction are coupled. The NBO and QTAIM methodologies, unlike the total energy, are local descriptors and therefore can be used to directly compare neutral, ionic and doubly ionic H-bonds. The charged nature of the ions influences the ionic characteristics of the H-bond and vice versa, in addition the close association of the ions leads to enhanced orbital overlap and covalent contributions. The charge on the ions raises the energy of the Ylp and lowers the energy of the X-H σ* NBOs resulting in greater charge transfer, strengthening the H-bond. Using this range of parameters and comparing doubly ionic H-bonds to more traditional neutral and ionic H-bonds it is clear that doubly ionic H-bonds cover the full range of weak through to very strong H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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21
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Ludwig R. The effect of dispersion forces on the interaction energies and far infrared spectra of protic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13790-3. [PMID: 25858074 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We could show by means of dispersion-corrected DFT calculations that the interaction energy in protic ionic liquids can be dissected into Coulomb interaction, hydrogen bonding and dispersion interaction. The H-bond energy as well as the dispersion energy can be quantified to be 50 kJ mol(-1) each representing ten percent of the overall interaction energy. The dispersion interaction could be dissected into two portions. One third could be related to the dispersion interaction within an ion-pair enhancing the H-bond strength, two thirds stem from dispersion interaction between the ion-pairs. This distribution of dispersion interaction is reflected in the far infrared (FIR) spectra. The H-bond band is shifted weaker than the low frequency band where the latter indicates diffuse cation-anion interaction and H-bond bending motions. Finally, we can dissect the different types of interaction energies indicating their characteristic influence on vibrational modes in the FIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ludwig
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Abteilung für Physikalische Chemie, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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22
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Salanne M. Simulations of room temperature ionic liquids: from polarizable to coarse-grained force fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14270-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the recent advances in the classical molecular modelling of room temperature ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 8234
- PHENIX
- F-75005 Paris
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23
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Vyas S, Dreyer C, Slingsby J, Bicknase D, Porter JM, Maupin CM. Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Analysis of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ion Pair. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6873-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5035689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Vyas
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Christopher Dreyer
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jason Slingsby
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David Bicknase
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jason M. Porter
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - C. Mark Maupin
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, ‡Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, and §Mechanical Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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24
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Corradini D, Marrocchelli D, Madden PA, Salanne M. The effect of dispersion interactions on the properties of LiF in condensed phases. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:244103. [PMID: 24862988 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/24/244103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics simulations are performed on LiF in the framework of the polarizable ion model. The overlap repulsion and polarization terms of the interaction potential are derived on a purely non-empirical, first-principles basis. For the dispersion, three cases are considered: a first one in which the dispersion parameters are set to zero and two others in which they are included, with different parametrizations. Various thermodynamic, structural and dynamic properties are calculated for the solid and liquid phases. The melting temperature is also obtained from direct coexistence simulations of the liquid and solid phases. Dispersion interactions appear to have an important effect on the densities of both phases and on the melting point, although the liquid properties are not affected when simulations are performed in the NVT ensemble at the experimental density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corradini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 8234, PHENIX, F-75005, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, F-75005, Paris, France
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25
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Horikawa M, Akai N, Kawai A, Shibuya K. Vaporization of Protic Ionic Liquids Studied by Matrix-Isolation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3280-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501784w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Horikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1,
Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Akai
- Graduate
School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akio Kawai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1,
Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shibuya
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1,
Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan
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26
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Malberg F, Brehm M, Hollóczki O, Pensado AS, Kirchner B. Understanding the evaporation of ionic liquids using the example of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:18424-36. [PMID: 24037209 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a comprehensive temperature-dependence analysis of both the structural and the dynamic properties of a vaporized ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate). This particular ionic liquid is known to be distillable from experimental studies and thus enables us to deepen the understanding of the evaporation mechanism of ionic liquids. We have used ab initio molecular dynamics of one ion pair at three different temperatures to accurately describe the interactions present in this model ionic liquid. By means of radial and spatial distribution functions a large impact on the coordination pattern at 400 K is shown which could explain the transfer of one ion pair from the bulk to the gas phase. Comparison of the free energy surfaces at 300 K and 600 K supports the idea of bulk phase-like and gas phase-like ion pairs. The different coordination patterns caused by the temperature, describing a loosening of the anion side chains, are also well reflected in the power spectra. The lifetime analysis of typical conformations for ionic liquids shows a characteristic behavior at 400 K (temperature close to the experimental evaporation temperature), indicating that conformational changes occur when the ionic liquid is evaporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Malberg
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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27
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Namboodiri M, Kazemi MM, Zeb Khan T, Materny A, Kiefer J. Ultrafast Vibrational Dynamics and Energy Transfer in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6136-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502527y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Namboodiri
- Center
for Functional Materials and Nanomolecular Science, Jacobs University, Campus
Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Mohammad Kazemi
- Center
for Functional Materials and Nanomolecular Science, Jacobs University, Campus
Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tahir Zeb Khan
- Center
for Functional Materials and Nanomolecular Science, Jacobs University, Campus
Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Center
for Functional Materials and Nanomolecular Science, Jacobs University, Campus
Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- School
of Engineering, Fraser Noble Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
- Technische
Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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28
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29
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Dhumal NR, Noack K, Kiefer J, Kim HJ. Molecular Structure and Interactions in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2547-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502124y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Dhumal
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kristina Noack
- Lehrstuhl
fuer Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced
Optical Technologies, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Lehrstuhl
fuer Technische Thermodynamik and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced
Optical Technologies, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- School
of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- School
of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea
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30
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Lovelock KRJ, Armstrong JP, Licence P, Jones RG. Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1339-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Schwenzer B, Kerisit SN, Vijayakumar M. Anion pairs in room temperature ionic liquids predicted by molecular dynamics simulation, verified by spectroscopic characterization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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32
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Shakourian-Fard M, Jamshidi Z, Bayat A, Fattahi A. Structural and electronic properties of alkyl-trifluoroborate based ionic liquids: A theoretical study. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Weber H, Hollóczki O, Pensado AS, Kirchner B. Side chain fluorination and anion effect on the structure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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34
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Hollóczki O, Firaha DS, Friedrich J, Brehm M, Cybik R, Wild M, Stark A, Kirchner B. Carbene formation in ionic liquids: spontaneous, induced, or prohibited? J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5898-907. [PMID: 23566121 DOI: 10.1021/jp4004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of carbene formation from the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid in the absence and presence of CO2 in gas and liquid phase. Although CO2 physisorption constitutes a precursory step of chemisorption (the CO2's reaction with carbenes, which forms from cations via proton abstraction by anions), it also enables a very stable CO2-anion associate. However, this counteracts the chemical absorption by reducing the basicity of the anion and the electrophilicity of the CO2, which is reflected by charge transfer. Accordingly, the observable carbene formation in the gas phase is hindered in the presence of CO2. In the neat liquid, the carbene formation is also suppressed by the charge screening compared to the case of the gas phase; nevertheless, indications for carbene incidents appear. Interestingly, in the CO2-containing liquid we detect more carbene-like incidents than in the neat one, which is caused by the way CO2 is solvated. Despite the weakness of the CO2-cation interaction, the CO2-anion associate is distorted by cations, which can be seen in longer associate distances and reduced "binding" energies. While the single solvating anion is shifted away from CO2, many more solvating cations approach it compared to the case of the gas phase. This leads to the conclusion that while the ionic liquid effect stabilizes charged species, introducing neutral species such as CO2 provides an opposite trend, leading to an inverse ionic liquid effect with the facilitation of carbene formation and thus of chemical absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Centre for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Thomas M, Brehm M, Fligg R, Vöhringer P, Kirchner B. Computing vibrational spectra from ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6608-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Paredes X, Fernández J, Pádua AAH, Malfreyt P, Malberg F, Kirchner B, Pensado AS. Using Molecular Simulation to Understand the Structure of [C2C1im]+–Alkylsulfate Ionic Liquids: Bulk and Liquid–Vapor Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14159-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309532t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Paredes
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
| | - Josefa Fernández
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
| | - Agílio A. H. Pádua
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Equipe Thermodynamique et Interactions
Moléculaires, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 80026, 63171 Aubiere, France, and
CNRS, UMR6296 ICCF, BP 80026, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Patrice Malfreyt
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Equipe Thermodynamique et Interactions
Moléculaires, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 80026, 63171 Aubiere, France, and
CNRS, UMR6296 ICCF, BP 80026, F-63171 Aubiere, France
| | - Friedrich Malberg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfonso Sanmartín Pensado
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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