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Lennert A, Sternberg M, Meyer K, Costa RD, Guldi DM. Iodine-Pseudohalogen Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33437-33445. [PMID: 28448122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, novel symmetrically alkyl-substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been synthesized featuring either iodide (I-) or selenocyanate (SeCN-) as counteranions. Physicochemical assays based on spectroscopy and electrochemistry techniques have been performed to identify the best ionic liquid for application as electrolytes in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (qssDSSC). The latter were mixed with additives such as 4-tert-butylpyridine (4tbpy) and guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) to optimize electrode surface coverage, ionic diffusion, and dye regeneration. In addition, we demonstrate that electrolytes containing a mixture of I2 and (SeCN)2 enhance the open-circuit voltage of the final quasi-solid-state device by up to 70 mV. As such, iodine-pseudohalogen electrolytes reveal in qssDSSCs a good balance between dye regeneration and hole transport and, in turn, enhance the overall solar energy conversion efficiency by 70% with respect to reference qssDSSCs with iodine-based electrolytes. Finally, devices with the iodine-pseudohalogen electrolyte show a 1000 h stable efficiency of 7-8% under outdoor temperature operation conditions and 1 sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Lennert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michelle Sternberg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- IMDEA Materials Institute Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ahmad W, Bahrani MRA, Yang Z, Khan J, Jing W, Jiang F, Chu L, Liu N, Li L, Gao Y. Extraction of nano-silicon with activated carbons simultaneously from rice husk and their synergistic catalytic effect in counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39314. [PMID: 28000720 PMCID: PMC5175195 DOI: 10.1038/srep39314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of renewable energy resources particularly from earth abundant materials has always been a matter of significance in industrial products. Herein, we report a novel simultaneous extraction of nano-silicon with activated carbons (nano-Si@ACs) from rice husk (RH) by chemical activation method. As-extracted nano-Si@ACs is then used as an energy harvesting materials in counter electrodes (CEs) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The morphology, structure and texture studies confirm the high surface area, abundant active sites and porous structure of nano-Si@ACs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry analyses reveal that the nano-Si@ACs is highly beneficial for fast I3− reduction and superior electrolyte diffusion capability. The nano-Si@ACs CE based DSSC exhibits enhanced power conversion efficiency of (8.01%) in contrast to pristine Pt CE (7.20%). These favorable results highlight the potential application of RH in low-cost, high-efficiency and Pt-free DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Majid Raissan Al Bahrani
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhichun Yang
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jahangeer Khan
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Jing
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chu
- Center of Advanced Functional Ceramics (CAFC), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Nishuang Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Luying Li
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization &Devices (CNCD), Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) &School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifusa Satoh
- Environment and Energy Materials Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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Metastability of anatase: size dependent and irreversible anatase-rutile phase transition in atomic-level precise titania. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1959. [PMID: 23743571 PMCID: PMC3675453 DOI: 10.1038/srep01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since crystal phase dominantly affects the properties of nanocrystals, phase control is important for the applications. To demonstrate the size dependence in anatase-rutile phase transition of titania, we used quantum-size titania prepared from the restricted number of titanium ions within dendrimer templates for size precision purposes and optical wave guide spectroscopy for the detection. Contrary to some theoretical calculations, the observed irreversibility in the transition indicates the metastablity of anatase; thermodynamics cannot explain the formation of metastable states. Therefore, we take into account the kinetic control polymerization of TiO6 octahedral units to explain how the crystal phase of the crystal-nucleus-size titania is dependent on which coordination sites, cis- or trans-, react in the TiO6 octahedra, suggesting possibilities for the synthetic phase control of nanocrystals. In short, the dendrimer templates give access to crystal nucleation chemistry. The paper will also contribute to the creation of artificial metastable nanostructures with atomic-level precision.
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