1
|
Rath T, Marin-Beloqui JM, Bai X, Knall AC, Sigl M, Warchomicka FG, Griesser T, Amenitsch H, Haque SA. Solution-Processable Cu 3BiS 3 Thin Films: Growth Process Insights and Increased Charge Generation Properties by Interface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41624-41633. [PMID: 37623297 PMCID: PMC10485802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu3BiS3 thin films are fabricated via spin coating of precursor solutions containing copper and bismuth xanthates onto planar glass substrates or mesoporous metal oxide scaffolds followed by annealing at 300 °C to convert the metal xanthates into copper bismuth sulfide. Detailed insights into the film formation are gained from time-resolved simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements. The Cu3BiS3 films show a high absorption coefficient and a band gap of 1.55 eV, which makes them attractive for application in photovoltaic devices. Transient absorption spectroscopic measurements reveal that charge generation yields in mesoporous TiO2/Cu3BiS3 heterojunctions can be significantly improved by the introduction of an In2S3 interlayer, and long-lived charge carriers (t50% of 10 μs) are found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rath
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jose M. Marin-Beloqui
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Sigl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fernando G. Warchomicka
- Institute
of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute
of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniveristät
Leoben, Otto Glöckelstrasse
2, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Covalent and Non-covalent Functionalized Nanomaterials for Environmental Restoration. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:44. [PMID: 35951126 PMCID: PMC9372017 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as an extraordinary and rapidly developing discipline of science. It has remolded the fate of the whole world by providing diverse horizons in different fields. Nanomaterials are appealing because of their incredibly small size and large surface area. Apart from the naturally occurring nanomaterials, synthetic nanomaterials are being prepared on large scales with different sizes and properties. Such nanomaterials are being utilized as an innovative and green approach in multiple fields. To expand the applications and enhance the properties of the nanomaterials, their functionalization and engineering are being performed on a massive scale. The functionalization helps to add to the existing useful properties of the nanomaterials, hence broadening the scope of their utilization. A large class of covalent and non-covalent functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) including carbons, metal oxides, quantum dots, and composites of these materials with other organic or inorganic materials are being synthesized and used for environmental remediation applications including wastewater treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of FNMs in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater. Future prospects are also examined, along with suggestions for attaining massive benefits in the areas of FNMs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang YC, Li TH. Sputtering-Assisted Synthesis of Copper Oxide–Titanium Oxide Nanorods and Their Photoactive Performances. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152634. [PMID: 35957065 PMCID: PMC9370441 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A TiO2 nanorod template was successfully decorated with a copper oxide layer with various crystallographic phases using sputtering and postannealing procedures. The crystallographic phase of the layer attached to the TiO2 was adjusted from a single Cu2O phase or dual Cu2O–CuO phase to a single CuO phase by changing the postannealing temperature from 200 °C to 400 °C. The decoration of the TiO2 (TC) with a copper oxide layer improved the light absorption and photoinduced charge separation abilities. These factors resulted in the composite nanorods demonstrating enhanced photoactivity compared to that of the pristine TiO2. The ternary phase composition of TC350 allowed it to achieve superior photoactive performance compared to the other composite nanorods. The possible Z-scheme carrier movement mechanism and the larger granular size of the attached layer of TC350 under irradiation accounted for the superior photocatalytic activity in the degradation of RhB dyes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Juncal LC, Ferrer EG, Williams PA, Boese R, Gustavo Pozzi C, Della Védova CO, Romano RM. Synthesis, X-ray Structures, and Spectroscopic Characterization of cis and trans-bis(O-propyldithiocarbonato)bis(pyridine)nickel(II), cis and trans-[Ni(CH3CH2CH2OC(S)S)2(C5H5N)2]. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Vorobyev S, Saikova SV, Novikova SA, Fetisova OY, Zharkov SM, Krylov AS, Likhatski MN, Mikhlin YL. Colloidal and Immobilized Nanoparticles of Lead Xanthates. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11472-11480. [PMID: 31460252 PMCID: PMC6681991 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoparticles of heavy metal xanthates and their hydrosols can play important roles in froth flotation, environmental issues, analytics, and manufacturing of metal sulfide nanocomposites, they have received little attention. We studied colloidal solutions and immobilized particles prepared via interaction of aqueous lead nitrate with alkyl xanthates applying UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, thermogravimetry analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter of colloidal particles of Pb(SSCOR)2 decreased from 500 to 50 nm with an increase in the alkyl radical length and the initial xanthate to lead ratio (X/Pb); the zeta potential magnitude varied similarly, although it remained negative. The effect of pH in the range of 4.5-11 was minor, but the colloids produced using excess of Pb2+ in alkaline media were close to PbX and decomposed much easier than PbX2. The uptake of lead xanthates on supports was generally low because of negative charges of the colloids; however, 50-100 nm thick PbX2 films were deposited on PbS and SiO2 from the media of X/Pb < 2 and pH < 9 because of preadsorption of Pb2+, while nanorods formed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey
A. Vorobyev
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal
Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana A. Novikova
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal
Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Fetisova
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal
Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Zharkov
- Siberian
Federal University, Svobodny
pr. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
- Kirensky
Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center
“Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the Siberian Branch
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/38, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Krylov
- Kirensky
Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center
“Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the Siberian Branch
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/38, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Likhatski
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal
Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Yuri L. Mikhlin
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Federal
Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center” of the
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Shakban M, Matthews PD, O'Brien P. A simple route to complex materials: the synthesis of alkaline earth – transition metal sulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10058-10061. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, low-temperature synthesis of a family of alkaline earth metal chalcogenide thin films is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mundher Al-Shakban
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | | | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Oxford Road
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rath T, MacLachlan AJ, Brown MD, Haque SA. Structural, optical and charge generation properties of chalcostibite and tetrahedrite copper antimony sulfide thin films prepared from metal xanthates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2015; 3:24155-24162. [PMID: 27019713 PMCID: PMC4786956 DOI: 10.1039/c5ta05777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on a solution based approach for the preparation of thin films of copper antimony sulfide, an emerging absorber material for third generation solar cells. In this work, copper and antimony xanthates are used as precursor materials for the formation of two different copper antimony sulfide phases: chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13). Both phases were thoroughly investigated regarding their structural and optical properties. Moreover, thin films of chalcostibite and tetrahedrite were prepared on mesoporous TiO2 layers and photoinduced charge transfer in these metal sulfide/TiO2 heterojunctions was studied via transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoinduced charge transfer was detected in both the chalcostibite as well as the tetrahedrite sample, which is an essential property in view of applying these materials as light-harvesting agents in semiconductor sensitized solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Andrew J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Michael D Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Savjani N, Brent JR, O'Brien P. AACVD of Molybdenum Sulfide and Oxide Thin Films From Molybdenum(V)-based Single-source Precursors**. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.201407135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Savjani
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - Jack R. Brent
- School of Materials; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL United Kingdom
- School of Materials; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ai G, Mo R, Chen Q, Xu H, Yang S, Li H, Zhong J. TiO2/Bi2S3 core–shell nanowire arrays for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the procedure for construction of nontoxic TiO2/Bi2S3 core–shell NWA photoanodes for PEC hydrogen generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Ai
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Mo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Sui Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Xiangtan University
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang M, Jia H, He W, Lei Y, Zhang L, Zheng Z. Construction of flexible photoelectrochemical solar cells based on ordered nanostructural BiOI/Bi2S3 heterojunction films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13531-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05749j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ordered 2D nanostructural BiOI nanoflake arrays decorated with Bi2S3 nanospheres have been designed and in situ fabricated for the first time, to form BiOI/Bi2S3 bulk heterojunctions through a soft chemical route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province and Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- Xuchang University
- Henan 461000
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education
| | - Huimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province and Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- Xuchang University
- Henan 461000
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province and Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- Xuchang University
- Henan 461000
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province and Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- Xuchang University
- Henan 461000
- P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province and Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- Xuchang University
- Henan 461000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li R, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang S, Wu D, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Du B. A novel multi-amplification photoelectrochemical immunoassay based on copper(II) enhanced polythiophene sensitized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:315-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Tang A, Long M, He Z. Electrodeposition of Sb 2 Se 3 on TiO 2 nanotube arrays for catalytic reduction of p -nitrophenol. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Lindblad R, Cappel UB, O'Mahony FTF, Siegbahn H, Johansson EMJ, Haque SA, Rensmo H. Energy level alignment in TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces for solar cell applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17099-107. [PMID: 25007378 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor sensitized solar cell interfaces have been studied with photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the interfacial electronic structures. In particular, the experimental energy level alignment has been determined for complete TiO2/metal sulfide/polymer interfaces. For the metal sulfides CdS, Sb2S3 and Bi2S3 deposited from single source metal xanthate precursors, it was shown that both driving forces for electron injection into TiO2 and hole transfer to the polymer decrease for narrower bandgaps. The energy level alignment results were used in the discussion of the function of solar cells with the same metal sulfides as light absorbers. For example Sb2S3 showed the most favourable energy level alignment with 0.3 eV driving force for electron injection and 0.4 eV driving force for hole transfer and also the most efficient solar cells due to high photocurrent generation. The energy level alignment of the TiO2/Bi2S3 interface on the other hand showed no driving force for electron injection to TiO2, and the performance of the corresponding solar cell was very low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Lindblad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Breitwieser D, Kriechbaum M, Ehmann HMA, Monkowius U, Coseri S, Sacarescu L, Spirk S. Photoreductive generation of amorphous bismuth nanoparticles using polysaccharides--bismuth-cellulose nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 116:261-6. [PMID: 25458299 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly reproducible synthesis of amorphous bismuth nanoparticles incorporated into a polysaccharide matrix using a photoreduction process is presented. As precursor for the generation of the Bi nanoparticles, organosoluble triphenylbismuth is used. The precursor is dissolved in toluene and mixed with a hydrophobic organosoluble polysaccharide, namely trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC) with high DSSi. The solution is subjected to UV exposure, which induces the homolytic cleavage of the bismuth-carbon bond in BiPh3 resulting in the formation of Bi(0) and phenyl radicals. The aggregation of the Bi atoms can be controlled in the TMSC matrix and yields nanoparticles of around 20 nm size as proven by TEM. The phenyl radicals undergo recombination to form small organic molecules like benzene and biphenyl, which can be removed from the nanocomposite after lyophilization and exposure to high vacuum. Finally, the TMSC matrix is converted to cellulose after exposure to HCl vapors, which remove the trimethylsilyl groups from the TMSC derivative. Although TMSC is converted to cellulose, the formed TMS-OH is not leaving the nanocomposite but reacts instead with surface oxide layer of the Bi nanoparticles to form silylated Bi nanoparticles as proven by TEM/EDX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Breitwieser
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Kriechbaum
- Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Heike M A Ehmann
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sergiu Coseri
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liviu Sacarescu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; University of Maribor, Institute for the Engineering and Design of Materials, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu X, Wan Q, Luan C, Mei F, Zhao Q, An P, Liang Z, Xu G, Zapien JA. Fabrication of CuInS2-sensitized solar cells via an improved SILAR process and its interface electron recombination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10605-10613. [PMID: 24134465 DOI: 10.1021/am402502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetragonal CuInS2 (CIS) has been successfully deposited onto mesoporous TiO2 films by in-sequence growth of InxS and CuyS via a successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) process and postdeposition annealing in sulfur ambiance. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements showed that the obtained tetragonal CIS consisted of a chalcopyrite phase and Cu-Au ordering, which related with the antisite defect states. For a fixed Cu-S deposition cycle, an interface layer of β-In2S3 formed at the TiO2/CIS interface with suitable excess deposition of In-S. In the meantime, the content of the Cu-Au ordering phase decreased to a reasonable level. These facts resulted in the retardance of electron recombination in the cells, which is proposed to be dominated by electron transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the unoccupied defect states in CIS via exponentially distributed surface states. As a result, a relatively high efficiency of ~0.92% (V(oc) = 0.35 V, J(sc) = 8.49 mA cm(-2), and FF = 0.31) has been obtained. Last, but not least, with an overloading of the sensitizers, a decrease in the interface area between the sensitized TiO2 and electrolytes resulted in deceleration of hole extraction from CIS to the electrolytes, leading to a decrease in the fill factor of the solar cells. It is indicated that the unoccupied states in CIS with energy levels below EF0 of the TiO2 films play an important role in the interface electron recombination at low potentials and has a great influence on the fill factor of the solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Mahony FTF, Cappel UB, Tokmoldin N, Lutz T, Lindblad R, Rensmo H, Haque SA. Low-temperature solution processing of mesoporous metal-sulfide semiconductors as light-harvesting photoanodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12047-51. [PMID: 24115259 PMCID: PMC4138989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flannan T F O'Mahony
- Centre for Plastic Electronics, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Mahony FTF, Cappel UB, Tokmoldin N, Lutz T, Lindblad R, Rensmo H, Haque SA. Low-Temperature Solution Processing of Mesoporous Metal-Sulfide Semiconductors as Light-Harvesting Photoanodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|