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Sujith M, Vishnu EK, Sappati S, Oliyantakath Hassan MS, Vijayan V, Thomas KG. Ligand-Induced Ground- and Excited-State Chirality in Silicon Nanoparticles: Surface Interactions Matter. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5074-5086. [PMID: 35258297 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based light-emitting materials have emerged as a favorable substitute to various organic and inorganic systems due to silicon's high natural abundance, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility. However, efforts on the design of free-standing silicon nanoparticles with chiral non-racemic absorption and emission attributes are rather scare. Herein, we unravel the structural requirements for ligand-induced chirality in silicon-based nanomaterials by functionalizing with D- and L-isomers of a bifunctional ligand, namely, tryptophan. The structural aspects of these systems are established using high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Silicon nanoparticles capped with L- and D-isomers of tryptophan displayed positive and negative monosignated circular dichroic signals and circularly polarized luminescence indicating their ground- and excited-state chirality. Various studies supported by density functional theory calculations signify that the functionalization of indole ring nitrogen on the silicon surface plays a decisive role in modifying the chiroptical characteristics by generating emissive charge-transfer states. The chiroptical responses originate from the multipoint interactions of tryptophan with the nanoparticle surface through the indole nitrogen and -CO2- groups that can transmit an enantiomeric structural imprint on the silicon surface. However, chiroptical properties are not observed in phenylalanine- and alanine-capped silicon nanoparticles, which are devoid of Si-N bonds and chiral footprints. Thus, the ground- and excited-state chiroptics in tryptophan-capped silicon nanoparticles originates from the collective effect of ligand-bound emissive charge-transfer states and chiral footprints. Being the first report on the circularly polarized luminescence in silicon nanoparticles, this work will open newer possibilities in the field of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meleppatt Sujith
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - E Krishnan Vishnu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Subrahmanyam Sappati
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Muhammed Shafeek Oliyantakath Hassan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Vinesh Vijayan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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Exciton-Photon Interactions in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Radiative Transitions, Non-Radiative Processes and Environment Effects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss several fundamental processes taking place in semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots (QDs)) when their electron subsystem interacts with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The physical phenomena of light emission and EM energy transfer from a QD exciton to other electronic systems such as neighbouring nanocrystals and polarisable 3D (semi-infinite dielectric or metal) and 2D (graphene) materials are considered. In particular, emission decay and FRET rates near a plane interface between two dielectrics or a dielectric and a metal are discussed and their dependence upon relevant parameters is demonstrated. The cases of direct (II–VI) and indirect (silicon) band gap semiconductors are compared. We cover the relevant non-radiative mechanisms such as the Auger process, electron capture on dangling bonds and interaction with phonons. Some further effects, such as multiple exciton generation, are also discussed. The emphasis is on explaining the underlying physics and illustrating it with calculated and experimental results in a comprehensive, tutorial manner.
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Lu Q, Dong H, Hu J, Huang L, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu M, Li Y, Wu C, Li H. Insight into the Effect of Ligands on the Optical Properties of Germanium Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Persistent Cell Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12375-12382. [PMID: 33030344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Germanium quantum dots (GeQDs) show unique advantages in fluorescence applications due to their large quantum confinement effect and excellent biocompatibility. However, GeQDs are confronted with difficulty in accurately controlling the fluorescence emission. This defect brings challenges to understanding the fluorescence mechanism and limits the potential applications of GeQDs. In this paper, a series of GeQDs with the average diameter of about 2.6 nm modified with different ligands were synthesized by the chemical reduction method. The fluorescence emission of GeQDs can be changed from blue to yellow-green through adjusting the surface ligands. The influence of surface ligands on the fluorescence emission of GeQDs was thoroughly investigated by experimental and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the synthesized GeQDs exhibit good biocompatibility and photostability and can act as high-performance fluorescence probes for long-term fluorescent bioimaging. This work provides a good and deep understanding of the fluorescence mechanism of GeQDs and will facilitate diverse promising applications of GeQDs in the near future.
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Derbenyova NV, Shvetsov AE, Konakov AA, Burdov VA. Effects of surface halogenation on exciton relaxation in Si crystallites: prospects for photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20693-20705. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that surface halogenation efficiently slows down Auger and radiative recombinations in Si nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artyom E. Shvetsov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Anton A. Konakov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Burdov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
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Li Q, Luo TY, Zhou M, Abroshan H, Huang J, Kim HJ, Rosi NL, Shao Z, Jin R. Silicon Nanoparticles with Surface Nitrogen: 90% Quantum Yield with Narrow Luminescence Bandwidth and the Ligand Structure Based Energy Law. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8385-8393. [PMID: 27548639 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely accepted as an alternative material for typical quantum dots and commercial organic dyes in light-emitting and bioimaging applications owing to silicon's intrinsic merits of least toxicity, low cost, and high abundance. However, to date, how to improve Si nanoparticle photoluminescence (PL) performance (such as ultrahigh quantum yield, sharp emission peak, high stability) is still a major issue. Herein, we report surface nitrogen-capped Si NPs with PL quantum yield up to 90% and narrow PL bandwidth (full width at half-maximum (fwhm) ≈ 40 nm), which can compete with commercial dyes and typical quantum dots. Comprehensive studies have been conducted to unveil the influence of particle size, structure, and amount of surface ligand on the PL of Si NPs. Especially, a general ligand-structure-based PL energy law for surface nitrogen-capped Si NPs is identified in both experimental and theoretical analyses, and the underlying PL mechanisms are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hadi Abroshan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jingchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study , Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Dohnalová K, Gregorkiewicz T, Kůsová K. Silicon quantum dots: surface matters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:173201. [PMID: 24713583 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/17/173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) hold great promise for many future technologies. Silicon is already at the core of photovoltaics and microelectronics, and SiQDs are capable of efficient light emission and amplification. This is crucial for the development of the next technological frontiers-silicon photonics and optoelectronics. Unlike any other quantum dots (QDs), SiQDs are made of non-toxic and abundant material, offering one of the spectrally broadest emission tunabilities accessible with semiconductor QDs and allowing for tailored radiative rates over many orders of magnitude. This extraordinary flexibility of optical properties is achieved via a combination of the spatial confinement of carriers and the strong influence of surface chemistry. The complex physics of this material, which is still being unraveled, leads to new effects, opening up new opportunities for applications. In this review we summarize the latest progress in this fascinating research field, with special attention given to surface-induced effects, such as the emergence of direct bandgap transitions, and collective effects in densely packed QDs, such as space separated quantum cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dohnalová
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yan QX, Gu ZW, Li Q, Fu WF, Chen XQ, Liu WQ, Pan HB, Wang M, Chen HZ. Water soluble amino grafted silicon nanoparticles and their use in polymer solar cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bell JP, Cloud JE, Cheng J, Ngo C, Kodambaka S, Sellinger A, Ratanathanawongs Williams SK, Yang Y. N-Bromosuccinimide-based bromination and subsequent functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon quantum dots. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Bromosuccinimide based bromination is proven to be an effective and mild intermediate step to produce surface functionalized, red-emitting, colloidal SiQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, U.S.A
| | - Jacqueline E. Cloud
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, U.S.A
| | - Jifang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, U.S.A
| | - Chilan Ngo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
- Los Angeles, U.S.A
| | - Suneel Kodambaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
- Los Angeles, U.S.A
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, U.S.A
| | | | - Yongan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, U.S.A
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9
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Cheng X, Lowe SB, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Colloidal silicon quantum dots: from preparation to the modification of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for bio-applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2680-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Summarizes recent advances in the preparation, surface modification and bio-applications of silicon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
| | - Stuart B. Lowe
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
| | - Peter J. Reece
- School of Physics
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
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Li H, Wu Z, Zhou T, Sellinger A, Lusk MT. Tailoring the optical gap of silicon quantum dots without changing their size. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19275-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical gap of silicon quantum dots can be tailored, independent of their size, via direct generation of spatially separated excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Li
- Department of Physics
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Physics
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Tianlei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
| | - Mark T. Lusk
- Department of Physics
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden, USA
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11
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Saha S, Sarkar P. Controlling the electronic energy levels of ZnO quantum dots using mixed capping ligands. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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