1
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Yamini P, Babbar A, Yadagiri D. Light-Driven Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Alkene-Tethered N-Tosylhydrazones: Synthesis of Fused-Cyclopropane γ-Lactones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38985949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Fused-cyclopropane ring-containing γ-lactone compounds are versatile building blocks in many fields, including the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Here, we report the light-driven intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkene-tethered N-tosylhydrazones in the presence of Cs2CO3 and visible light. We have synthesized various electronically and sterically substituted and heterocyclic-containing fused-(spiro)cyclopropane γ-lactone compounds in good yields under transition metal-free conditions using a radical-free approach. In addition, the one-pot synthesis of fused-cyclopropane γ-lactones from α-ketoesters and their synthetic utility are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhriyal Yamini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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2
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Indurmuddam RR, Huang PC, Hong BC, Chien SY. Visible-Light-Photocatalyzed Self-Cyclopropanation Reactions of Dibenzoylmethanes for the Synthesis of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38949643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A new self-cyclopropanation of 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, leading to tetrasubstituted cyclopropane containing three contiguous stereogenic centers with high stereoselectivity, has been achieved through violet-light-emitting diode-irradiated photocatalysis, featuring both cycloaddition and a distinctive rearrangement. Diverging from conventional cyclopropanation pathways, this reaction yields a tetrasubstituted cyclopropane through unprecedented rearrangement and cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan ROC
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
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3
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Yoshioka E, Imoto Y, Yamaoka Y, Ikeda T, Takahashi H, Tanaka R, Hayashi N, Miyabe H. Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Active Methylene Derivatives Based on FeCl 2 or FeCl 3-Promoted Radical-Polar Crossover Reactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400602. [PMID: 38658317 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover reactions were studied for the intramolecular cyclopropanation of active methylene derivatives. In the presence of FeCl3 as a stoichiometric oxidant and K2HPO4 as a base, the dehydrogenative cyclopropanation of active methylenes proceeded through the FeCl3-promoted oxidative radical cyclization followed by the ionic cyclization to give the bicyclic cyclopropanes. The use of α-chloro-active methylenes leads the subcatalytic cyclopropanation involving two redox pathways. In the presence of K2HPO4, the redox cyclopropanation proceeded by using FeCl2 (20 mol%) in combination with ligand (20 mol%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imoto
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yousuke Yamaoka
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-8530, Japan
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4
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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light-Induced Reactions of Diazo Compounds and Their Precursors. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7214-7261. [PMID: 38754038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced reactions of diazo compounds have attracted increasing attention in organic synthesis, leading to improvement of existing reactions, as well as to the discovery of unprecedented transformations. Thus, photochemical or photocatalytic generation of both carbenes and radicals provide milder tools toward these key intermediates for many valuable transformations. However, the vast majority of the transformations represent new reactivity modes of diazo compounds, which are achieved by the photochemical decomposition of diazo compounds and photoredox catalysis. In particular, the use of a redox-active photocatalysts opens the avenue to a plethora of radical reactions. The application of these methods to diazo compounds led to discovery of transformations inaccessible by the classical reactivity associated with carbenes and metal carbenes. In most cases, diazo compounds act as radical sources but can also serve as radical acceptors. Importantly, the described processes operate under mild, practical conditions. This Review describes this subfield of diazo compound chemistry, particularly focusing on recent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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5
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Huang H, Luan X, Zuo Z. Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O-Acyl-acetal Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401579. [PMID: 38609328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co-catalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono-donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom-economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O-acyl-acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one-pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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6
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Boyle BT, Dow NW, Kelly CB, Bryan MC, MacMillan DWC. Unlocking carbene reactivity by metallaphotoredox α-elimination. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07628-1. [PMID: 38843825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to tame high-energy intermediates is important for synthetic chemistry, enabling the construction of complex molecules and propelling advances in the field of synthesis. Along these lines, carbenes and carbenoid intermediates are particularly attractive, but often unknown, high-energy intermediates1,2. Classical methods to access metal carbene intermediates exploit two-electron chemistry to form the carbon-metal bond. However, these methods are usually prohibitive because of reagent safety concerns, limiting their broad implementation in synthesis3-6. Mechanistically, an alternative approach to carbene intermediates that could circumvent these pitfalls would involve two single-electron steps: radical addition to metal to forge the initial carbon-metal bond followed by redox-promoted α-elimination to yield the desired metal carbene intermediate. Here we realize this strategy through a metallaphotoredox platform that exploits iron carbene reactivity using readily available chemical feedstocks as radical sources and α-elimination from six classes of previously underexploited leaving groups. These discoveries permit cyclopropanation and σ-bond insertion into N-H, S-H and P-H bonds from abundant and bench-stable carboxylic acids, amino acids and alcohols, thereby providing a general solution to the challenge of carbene-mediated chemical diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Boyle
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marian C Bryan
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
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7
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Ogo S, Yatabe T, Miyazawa K, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi C, Nakai H, Shiota Y. Cyclopropanation Using Electrons Derived from Hydrogen: Reaction of Alkenes and Hydrogen without Hydrogenation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1615-1622. [PMID: 38665645 PMCID: PMC11040560 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Have you ever imagined reactions of alkenes with hydrogen that result in anything other than hydrogenation or hydrogenative C-C coupling? We have long sought to develop not only hydrogenation catalysts that activate H2 as hydride ions but also electron transfer catalysts that activate H2 as a direct electron donor. Here, we report the reductive cyclopropanation of alkenes using an iridium electron storage catalyst with H2 as the electron source without releasing metal waste from the reductant. We discuss the catalytic mechanism with selectivity to give the trans-isomer. These findings are based on the isolation of three complexes and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center
for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yatabe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center
for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyazawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Hashimoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI Academy I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nakai
- Department
of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Wang Z, Chen J, Yu L, Zhang C, Rao W, Chan PWH. Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cycloisomerization of 3-Allyloxy-1,6-diynes to Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutyl-Fused Benzofurans and Chromen-3a(1 H)-ols. Org Lett 2024; 26:2635-2640. [PMID: 38526487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the efficient preparation of partially hydrogenated benzo[f]cyclobuta[cd]cyclopenta[h]benzofurans and cyclopropa[c]chromen-3a(1H)-ols that relies on the gold(I)-catalyzed cascade cycloisomerization of 3-allyloxy-1,6-diynes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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9
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Maurya JP, Ramasastry SSV. Phosphine-Promoted Ring Opening/Recyclization of Cyclopropyl Ketones to Access Hydrofluorenones. Org Lett 2024; 26:2282-2286. [PMID: 38471028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ring-reorganizing transformations of activated cyclopropanes are typically achieved under acidic conditions. This Letter describes the first acid-free and Lewis base-mediated cascade ring opening/recyclization of designed cyclopropyl ketones to access tetrahydrofluorenones. We rationally merged the nucleophilic features of phosphines with the electronically biased cyclopropanes to synthesize several new classes of hydrofluorenones. We have also demonstrated the synthetic utility of the products in accessing highly functionalized molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Maurya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
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10
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Mondal PP, Nair AV, Sasidaran M, Chungath AA, Suman SP, Kuniyil R, Sahoo B. Regioselective 1,2-Alkylboration of Benzylidenecyclopropanes: Access to Csp 3-Enriched Cyclopropyl Boronic Esters. Org Lett 2024; 26:1458-1462. [PMID: 38345317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We describe a novel, regioselective alkylboration of versatile (hetero)benzylidenecyclopropanes with β-H-containing alkyl iodides and bis(pinacolato)diboron enabled by copper catalysis. This three-component method allows for consecutive B-Csp3 and Csp3-Csp3 bond formation to access Csp3-enriched diverse tertiary cyclopropyl boronic esters with broad functionality tolerance, and the so-formed C-B bond is amenable to further structural diversification. Radical clock experiment, Hammett analysis, and DFT calculation suggest a mechanism of polar, rather than radical manifold, and SN2-type C-C bond formation was found to be the rate-limiting step instead of migratory alkene insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Anagha Veluthanath Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Megha Sasidaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623 Kerala, India
| | - Alvin Antony Chungath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Satya Prakash Suman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623 Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
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11
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Shaikh MA, Ubale AS, Gnanaprakasam B. Amberlyst-A26-Mediated Corey-Chaykovsky Cyclopropanation of 9-Alkylidene-9 H-fluorene under Continuous Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2283-2293. [PMID: 38316018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a continuous-process for the direct cyclopropanation of various alkenes nonconjugated with carbonyl using trimethylsulfoxonium iodide as a methylene source via the Corey-Chaykovsky cyclopropanation reaction in the presence of Amberlyst-A26 as a heterogeneous base. Several 9-alkylidene-9H-fluorene derivatives successfully undergo Corey-Chaykovsky cyclopropanation to afford spiro[cyclopropane-1,9'-fluorene] in excellent yields under the continuous-process module. Furthermore, continuous process for the cyclopropanation of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one derivatives using Amberlyst-A26 as a heterogeneous base has been described, which afford spiro[cyclopropane-1,3'-indolin]-2'-one derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moseen A Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Akash S Ubale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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12
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Zhao C, Besset T, Legault CY, Jubault P. Experimental and Computational Studies for the Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopropanes from 2-Substituted Allylic Derivatives with Ethyl Diazoacetate. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303070. [PMID: 37985211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopropanes from 2-substituted allylic derivatives is reported. Using ethyl diazo acetate, the reaction, catalyzed by a chiral ruthenium complex (Ru(II)-Pheox), furnished the corresponding easily separable cis and trans cyclopropanes in moderate to high yields (32-97 %) and excellent ee (86-99 %). This approach significantly extends the portfolio of accessible enantioenriched cyclopropanes from an underexplored class of olefins. DFT calculations suggest that an outer-sphere mechanism is operative in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Zhao
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ., 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ., 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, D1-3029, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ., 76000, Rouen, France
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13
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Wang Y, Deng J, Ressler AJ, Lin S. Electroreductive Radical Addition-Polar Cyclization Cascade to Access Cycloalkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:116-121. [PMID: 38157449 PMCID: PMC11192528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Compared with flat aromatic scaffolds, three-dimensional aliphatic ring systems feature high structural complexity and topological diversity and, thus, have received increasing attention in drug discovery. Herein, we describe a mild and general electrochemical method for the modular synthesis of structurally distinct cyclic compounds, including monocyclic alkanes, benzo-fused ring systems, and spirocycles, from readily available alkenes and alkyl halides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiachen Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ressler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
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14
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Liang C, Zhang Y, Zhan R, Huang H. Skeletal Editing of Chromone-Fused Dienes to Cyclopropane by Photochemical Carbon Deletion. Org Lett 2023; 25:8269-8273. [PMID: 37955863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven, photocatalyst-free, air-assisted carbon cleavage of dienes was achieved. Photochemical editing of dienes via an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex facilitates direct access to cyclopropane derivatives. This innovative methodology creates an opportunity for the efficient access to valuable cyclopropane derivatives under mild and ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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15
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Manna A, Joshi H, Singh VK. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Michael Initiated Ring Closure Reaction of 4-Nitroisoxazole Derivatives to 3-Isopropylidene Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15937-15946. [PMID: 37885257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first ever use of 3-isopropylidene oxindoles as electrophiles in vinylogous Michael initiated ring closure reaction (MIRC). Among the various alkylidene oxindoles used in enantioselective spirocyclization reactions, isopropylidene oxindoles are the least explored to date. The competing reactivity of isopropylidene oxindoles (electrophilicity vs nucleophilicity) in the presence of a chiral organocatalyst is controlled by the logical selection of a more reactive nucleophile. The methodology produces a library of densely substituted highly enantioenriched spirocyclopropyl oxindoles with excellent yield and stereoselectivities. Moreover, the first enantioselective synthesis of HIV-1 NNRT inhibitor indicates the importance of our synthesized spiro-cyclopropyl oxindole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| | - Harshit Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
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16
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Chen J, Yang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. The Development of Aldehyde Catalytic System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300731. [PMID: 37755436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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17
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Galeotti M, Lee W, Sisti S, Casciotti M, Salamone M, Houk KN, Bietti M. Radical and Cationic Pathways in C( sp3)-H Bond Oxygenation by Dioxiranes of Bicyclic and Spirocyclic Hydrocarbons Bearing Cyclopropane Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24021-24034. [PMID: 37874906 PMCID: PMC10636757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
A product and DFT computational study on the reactions of 3-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (ETFDO) with bicyclic and spirocyclic hydrocarbons bearing cyclopropyl groups was carried out. With bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes (n = 3-6), diastereoselective formation of the alcohol product derived from C2-H bond hydroxylation was observed, accompanied by smaller amounts of products derived from oxygenation at other sites. With 1-methylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, rearranged products were also observed in addition to the unrearranged products deriving from oxygenation at the most activated C2-H and C5-H bonds. With spiro[2.5]octane and 6-tert-butylspiro[2.5]octane, reaction with ETFDO occurred predominantly or exclusively at the axial C4-H to give unrearranged oxygenation products, accompanied by smaller amounts of rearranged bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-1-ols. The good to outstanding site-selectivities and diastereoselectivities are paralleled by the calculated activation free energies for the corresponding reaction pathways. Computations show that the σ* orbitals of the bicyclo[n.1.0]alkane cis or trans C2-H bonds and spiro[2.5]octanes axial C4-H bond hyperconjugatively interact with the Walsh orbitals of the cyclopropane ring, activating these bonds toward HAT to ETFDO. The detection of rearranged oxygenation products in the oxidation of 1-methylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, spiro[2.5]octane, and 6-tert-butylspiro[2.5]octane provides unambiguous evidence for the involvement of cationic intermediates in these reactions, representing the first examples on the operation of ET pathways in dioxirane-mediated C(sp3)-H bond oxygenations. Computations support these findings, showing that formation of cationic intermediates is associated with specific stabilizing hyperconjugative interactions between the incipient carbon radical and the cyclopropane C-C bonding orbitals that trigger ET to the incipient dioxirane derived 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-butoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galeotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
- QBIS
Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sergio Sisti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Casciotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
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18
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Tan L, Wu K, Li G. Rapid Olefin Cyclopropanation Catalyzed by a Bioinspired Cobalt Complex. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300873. [PMID: 37871137 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are important structural motifs found in many natural products and are essential to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Here, we report a bioinspired cobalt catalyst that catalyzes the intermolecular cyclopropanation of various terminal olefins using ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) in high efficiency. This cobalt catalytic system is operationally simple under very mild conditions, enabling the synthesis of cyclopropane products with remarkable yields in short reaction time. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the presence of cobalt carbene radical species during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Tan
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, 84322, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Keyang Wu
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, 84322, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, 84322, Logan, Utah, USA
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19
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Bosveli A, Griboura N, Kampouropoulos I, Kalaitzakis D, Montagnon T, Vassilikogiannakis G. The Rapid Synthesis of Colibactin Warhead Model Compounds Using New Metal-Free Photocatalytic Cyclopropanation Reactions Facilitates the Investigation of Biological Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301713. [PMID: 37452669 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of colibactin warhead model compounds using two newly developed metal-free photocatalytic cyclopropanation reactions. These mild cyclopropanations expand the known applications of eosin within synthesis. A halogen atom transfer reaction mode has been harnessed so that dihalides can be used as the cyclopropanating agents. The colibactin warhead models were then used to provide new insight into two key mechanisms in colibactin chemistry. An explanation is provided for why the colibactin warhead sometimes undergoes a ring expansion-addition reaction to give fused cyclobutyl products while at other times nucleophiles add directly to the cyclopropyl unit (as when DNA adds to colibactin). Finally, we provide some evidence that Cu(II) chelated to colibactin may catalyze an important oxidation of the colibactin-DNA adduct. The Cu(I) generated as a result could then also play a role in inducing double strand breaks in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Bosveli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | - Nefeli Griboura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | | | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | - Tamsyn Montagnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
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20
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George V, König B. Photogenerated donor-donor diazo compounds enable facile access to spirocyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11835-11838. [PMID: 37712256 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by the increasing interest in strained hydrocarbons as potential drug candidates, we developed a simple and efficient photochemical protocol for (spiro)cyclopropanes from bench stable tosylhydrazones and electron poor olefins. This two-step one-pot transformation proceeds by (3+2)-cycloaddition of in situ formed donor-donor diazo compounds, followed by nitrogen extrusion of the Δ1-pyrazoline intermediates. Notably, kinetic analysis enabled the isolation of intermediary spiro-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent George
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
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21
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Smyrnov V, Waser J. Semipinacol Rearrangement of Cyclopropenylcarbinols for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6999-7003. [PMID: 37707959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
An electrophile-induced semipinacol rearrangement of cyclopropenylcarbinols is reported. This transformation gives access to various polyfunctionalized cyclopropanes under mild metal-free conditions. The scope of the reaction includes iodine, sulfur and selenium electrophiles, aryl and strained ring migrating groups, and diverse substitution patterns on the cyclopropene. The reaction is particularly efficient for the synthesis of small ring-containing spirocycles, which are important rigid three-dimensional building blocks for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Smyrnov
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Li Y, Feng J, Huang F, Baell JB. Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301017. [PMID: 37269044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles that have been found to be key structural features in a wide range of biologically active natural products, drugs, and agrochemicals. As a cutting-edge area, the synthesis of these derivatives has made spectacular progress in recent decades, with various transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free catalytic systems being developed. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the efficient methods for the synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives since 2010, emphasizing the scope of substrates and synthesis' applications, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
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23
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Mancinelli JP, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Borane-Catalyzed C-F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes Enables the Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17389-17397. [PMID: 37494703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose an approach to synthesize tert-alkyl cyclopropanes by leveraging C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropenes using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalysis. The reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of a fluorocyclopropenium ion, which was confirmed by the isolation of [Ph2(C6D5)C3]+[(C6F5)3BF]-. We found that silylketene acetal nucleophiles were optimal reaction partners with fluorocyclopropenium ion intermediates yielding fully substituted cyclopropenes functionalized with two α-tert-alkyl centers (63-93% yield). The regioselectivity of the addition to cyclopropenium ions is controlled by their steric and electronic properties and enables access to 3,3-bis(difluoromethyl)cyclopropenes in short order. The resulting cyclopropene products are readily reduced to the corresponding orphaned cyclopropanes under hydrogenation conditions. Quantum chemical calculations reveal the nature of the C-F bond cleavage steps and provide evidence for catalysis by boron and not silylated oxonium ions, though Si-F bond formation is the enthalpic driving force for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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24
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Wang Y, Shen S, He C, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Rao B, Han T, Su Y, Duan XH, Liu L. Cu(ii)-mediated direct intramolecular cyclopropanation of distal olefinic acetate: access to cyclopropane-fused γ-lactones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6663-6668. [PMID: 37350833 PMCID: PMC10284120 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01752d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropane-fused ring scaffolds represent one of the most appealing structural motifs in organic chemistry due to their wide presence in bioactive molecules and versatility in organic synthesis. These skeletons are typically prepared from olefinic diazo compounds via transition-metal catalysed intramolecular carbenoid insertion, which suffers from prefunctionalization of starting materials and limited substrate scope. Herein, we disclose a practical copper-mediated direct intramolecular cyclopropanation of distal olefinic acetate to synthesize cyclopropane-fused γ-lactones and lactams. This cascade reaction is postulated to proceed through a hydrogen atom transfer event induced radical cyclization and copper-mediated cyclopropanation sequence. The protocol features high atom- and step-economy, excellent diastereoselectivity, broad tolerance of functional groups, and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shenyu Shen
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Chonglong He
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Youkang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Keyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Bin Rao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Tian Han
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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25
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Geng HQ, Wu XF. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of β-boryl cyclopropanes via 1,2-borocyclopropanation of aryl olefins with CO as the C1 source. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5638-5642. [PMID: 37265722 PMCID: PMC10231323 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropane represents one of the most critical rings and has been found present in various bioactive compounds, especially in clinical medicines. It can be synthesized by the reaction of olefins with diazo-derived carbenoids which are potentially hazardous. Carbonylation is a powerful tool for synthesizing carbonylated or carbon-extended compounds. In this communication, we describe a straightforward approach for synthesizing β-boryl cyclopropane derivatives catalyzed by an inexpensive copper catalyst with CO as the C1 source. This reaction was mediated by an in situ generated carbene intermediate and afforded a wide range of cyclopropane-containing organoboron compounds in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Geng
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
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26
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Gabbey AL, Scotchburn K, Rousseaux SAL. Metal-catalysed C-C bond formation at cyclopropanes. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6. [PMID: 37217564 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are important substructures in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although traditional methods for their incorporation rely on cyclopropanation of an existing scaffold, the advent of transition-metal catalysis has enabled installation of functionalized cyclopropanes using cross-coupling reactions. The unique bonding and structural properties of cyclopropane render it more easily functionalized in transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings than other C(sp3) substrates. The cyclopropane coupling partner can participate in polar cross-coupling reactions either as a nucleophile (organometallic reagents) or as an electrophile (cyclopropyl halides). More recently, single-electron transformations featuring cyclopropyl radicals have emerged. This Review will provide an overview of transition-metal-catalysed C-C bond formation reactions at cyclopropane, covering both traditional and current strategies, and the benefits and limitations of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katerina Scotchburn
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Kim MJ, Wang DJ, Targos K, Garcia UA, Harris AF, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from Carbon Pronucleophiles and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303032. [PMID: 36929023 PMCID: PMC10189787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are desirable structural motifs with valuable applications in drug discovery and beyond. Established alkene cyclopropanation methods give rise to cyclopropanes with a limited array of substituents, are difficult to scale, or both. Herein, we disclose a new cyclopropane synthesis through the formal coupling of abundant carbon pronucleophiles and unactivated alkenes. This strategy exploits dicationic adducts derived from electrolysis of thianthrene in the presence of alkene substrates. We find that these dielectrophiles undergo cyclopropanation with methylene pronucleophiles via alkenyl thianthrenium intermediates. This protocol is scalable, proceeds with high diastereoselectivity, and tolerates diverse functional groups on both the alkene and pronucleophile coupling partners. To validate the utility of this new procedure, we prepared an array of substituted analogs of an established cyclopropane that is en route to multiple pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Diana J. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Uriel A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Alison F. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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28
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Pan T, Li P. Sulfur-Mediated Formal Allylic C-H Cyclopropanation of α-Methylstyrenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37137822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Allylic C-H cyclopropanation of α-methylstyrene and its derivatives was realized through a one-pot two-step sequence, formally converting two aliphatic C-H bonds to C-C bonds with a good yield and high diastereoselectivity, thus providing a quick entry to the synthetically useful vinyl cyclopropane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Sar S, Ghorai P. An Intramolecular Umpolung Cascade Kukhtin-Ramirez Reaction/Michael Addition-Initiated Cyclization: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cyclopropane Fused 1-Indanones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1946-1951. [PMID: 36920108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a fascinating highly stereoselective P(NMe2)3 mediated intramolecular deoxygenative umpolung cascade Michael addition-initiated cyclopropanation with a diverse substrate adaptability. This methodology creates a new horizon for expedient access to valuable 6,5,3-fused scaffolds having an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter via Kukhtin-Ramirez (K-R) adduct formation, with excellent diastereoselectivity and yields under metal-free ambient conditions. A few functional group transformations have also been performed successfully. Additionally, an asymmetric catalytic attempt using (R)-(+)-H8-BINOL has delivered good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
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30
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Grant PS, Meyrelles R, Gajsek O, Niederacher G, Maryasin B, Maulide N. Biomimetic Cationic Cyclopropanation Enables an Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 6,8-Cycloeudesmanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5855-5863. [PMID: 36854118 PMCID: PMC10021018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic cyclopropanation involves the γ-elimination at carbocations to form a new σ-C-C bond through proton loss. While exceedingly rare in bulk solution, it is recognized as one of the main biosynthetic cyclopropanation pathways. Despite the rich history of bioinspired synthetic chemistry, cationic cyclopropanation has not been appropriated for the synthetic toolbox, likely due to the preference of carbocations to undergo competing E1 β-elimination pathways. Here, we present an in-depth synthetic and computational study of cationic cyclopropanation, focusing on the 6,8-cycloeudesmanes as a platform for this investigation. We were able to apply biomimetic cationic cyclopropanation to the synthesis of several 6,8-cycloeudesmanes and non-natural analogues─in doing so, we showcase the power of this transformation in the preparation of complex cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Grant
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ricardo Meyrelles
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Oliver Gajsek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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31
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Zhang J, Xu W, Xu MH. Low Coordination State Rh I -Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction of penta-Substituted Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216799. [PMID: 36602264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, broad-scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of various tri-substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI -complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range of penta-substituted, fused-ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI -carbene-directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weici Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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32
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Liu XL, Lin HZ, Tan LQ, Peng JB. Palladium- and Brønsted acid-catalyzed enantio-, site- and E/ Z-selective addition of alkylidenecyclopropanes with imines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2348-2352. [PMID: 36873841 PMCID: PMC9977444 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed functionalization of ACPs has been widely investigated in cycloaddition and 1,3-difunctionalization reactions. However, the transition metal catalyzed nucleophilic reactions of ACPs have rarely been reported. In this article, an enantio-, site- and E/Z-selective addition of ACPs with imines for the synthesis of dienyl substituted amines has been developed via palladium- and Brønsted acid co-catalysis. A range of synthetically valuable dienyl substituted amines were effectively prepared with good to excellent yields and excellent enantio- and E/Z-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ze Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Qi Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 People's Republic of China
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33
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Ji J, Chen J, Qin S, Li W, Zhao J, Li G, Song H, Liu XY, Qin Y. Total Synthesis of Vilmoraconitine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3903-3908. [PMID: 36779887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vilmoraconitine belongs to one of the most complex skeleton types in the C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, which architecturally features an unprecedented heptacyclic core possessing a rigid cyclopropane unit. Here, we report the first total synthesis of vilmoraconitine relying on strategic use of efficient ring-forming reactions. Key steps include an oxidative dearomatization-induced Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a hydrodealkenylative fragmentation/Mannich sequence, and an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sixun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wanye Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guozhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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34
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Hsueh NC, Wang YH, Chang MY. Sequential condensation and double desulfonylative cyclopropanation of 1,2-bis(sulfonylmethyl)arenes with 3-arylacroleins: access to biscyclopropane-fused tetralins. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1206-1221. [PMID: 36632710 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient tBuOK-mediated sequential condensation and double desulfonylative cyclopropanation of readily accessible 1,2-bis(sulfonylmethyl)arenes with 3-arylacroleins is described. This high-yielding, single-step strategy provides a variety of polysubstituted biscyclopropane-fused tetralins with six contiguous stereogenic centers via the construction of five carbon-carbon single bonds. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. In the overall reaction process, water and sulfinic acid salts were generated as the byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chen Hsueh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,NPUST College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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35
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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36
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Hanania N, Nassir M, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. A Stereodivergent Approach to the Synthesis of gem-Diborylcyclopropanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202748. [PMID: 36161797 PMCID: PMC10092851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a designed stereodivergent strategy for the synthesis of gem-diborylcyclopropanes. The reaction provides a highly modular approach to prepare cyclopropane ring variants bearing gem-(Bpin,Bpin), gem-(Bpin,Bdan), and gem-(Bpin,BF3 K), with outstanding levels of stereocontrol. This was achieved by diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions of gem-diborylalkenes with α-diazoarylacetates and α-diazoaryl-trifluoromethyl. The key to the success of this general protocol was the diastereoselective trifluorination reaction of gem-diborylcyclopropanes, followed by the stereospecific interconversion of the trifluoroborate salts into the Bdan group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Pramanik S, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. Substrate specific ring opening annulations of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 3-phenacylidene-2-oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Yue X, Li G, Chen X, Li Z, Gu H, Chen H, Peng W. Nano Catalysis of Biofuels and Biochemicals from Cotinus coggygria Scop. Wood for Bio-Oil Raw Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4610. [PMID: 36365604 PMCID: PMC9659074 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. as a precious landscape shrub and a good afforestation species that is used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, TG-FTIR, TG-DTG, and Py-GC/MS were used to study the biomaterials of Cotinus coggygria used as biofuels and biochemicals under the catalysis of nano-Mo/Fe2O3. The wood powder was extracted using a methanol/benzene solution, and the extract was analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the pyrolysis products of Cotinus coggygria wood were rich in phenols, alcohols, and biofuels. The metal nano-Mo powder played a catalytic role in the interpretation of the gas in the species, where it accelerates gas products. Metal nano-Fe2O3 has a certain flame-retardant effect on the burning process of Cotinus coggygria wood, and the residual amount of pyrolysis is greater. The contents of the extract Formamide, 1-Hexanol, Levodopa, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- are not only widely used industrially but also play an important role in medicine. Cotinus coggygria is therefore an excellent biomaterial for biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yue
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guanyan Li
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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40
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Huang S, Deng WH, Liao RZ, He C. Repurposing a Nitric Oxide Transport Hemoprotein Nitrophorin 2 for Olefin Cyclopropanation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunzhi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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41
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Straub H, Ryabchuk P, Rubina M, Rubin M. Preparation of Chiral Enantioenriched Densely Substituted Cyclopropyl Azoles, Amines, and Ethers via Formal SN2′ Substitution of Bromocylopropanes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207069. [PMID: 36296663 PMCID: PMC9609026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched cyclopropyl ethers, amines, and cyclopropylazole derivatives possessing three stereogenic carbon atoms in a small cycle are obtained via the diastereoselective, formal nucleophilic substitution of chiral, non-racemic bromocyclopropanes. The key feature of this methodology is the utilization of the chiral center of the cyclopropene intermediate, which governs the configuration of the two adjacent stereocenters that are successively installed via 1,4-addition/epimerization sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Straub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pavel Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355009 Stavropol, Russia
- Correspondence:
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42
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Liu M, Du H, Cui J, Shu W. Intermolecular Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation and Aziridination of Alkenes with XH
2
(X=N, C) by Thianthrenation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209929. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Hai‐Wu Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Jian‐Fang Cui
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin P.R. China
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43
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Ye M, Xu F, Bai Y, Zhang F, Wang W, Qian Y, Chen Z. Base-promoted highly efficient synthesis of nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes via Michael-initiated ring closure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28576-28579. [PMID: 36320497 PMCID: PMC9536251 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient annulation reaction has been developed for the general synthesis of dinitrile-substituted cyclopropanes in moderate to excellent yields. A variety of 2-arylacetonitriles and α-bromoennitriles were compatible under the standard conditions. The reaction was achieved through tandem Michael-type addition followed by intramolecular cyclization. The preliminary application of this method was confirmed by the synthesis of the 2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yiping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
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44
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Abstract
The various facets of the chemistry of cyclopropane derivatives, the smallest carbocycle, are amazingly diverse and continue to fascinate theoreticians, synthetic or structural chemists having interest in fundamental physical, medicinal chemistry, and natural product synthesis. The challenges generated by this intriguing cyclic arrangement of only three tetravalent carbons represent a wide area of the chemical spectrum. From fundamental aspects of bonding through the synthesis of highly strained molecules, the understanding of the mode of action in biological systems to the selective cleavage into acyclic substrates makes the chemistry of these small rings fascinating. Therefore, efficient routes to prepare differently polysubstituted cyclopropanes have always been of a primordial importance. In the past decade, we and others have expanded the scope of the carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes as a broad and general method to the formation of stereodefined cyclopropane derivatives. Although cyclopropenes, with their even higher strain energy, easily undergo addition reactions of organometallic reagents, their carbometalation reactions generate new regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity issues that needed to be addressed. These various stereochemical aspects accompanied our research from its origins to today, and we are proposing in this Account, a didactic overview of the different ways by which cyclopropenes can lead to the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes or open-products possessing several stereogenic centers as a single regio- and diastereomer.We initially launched our research campaign on the chemistry of these strained three-membered rings by the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropenyl carbinols. The directing alcohol governed both the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the addition and also served as a good leaving group as it undergoes a selective 1,2-elimination reaction to provide enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. Then, we turned our attention to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes through the diastereoselective addition to sp2- monosubstituted cyclopropenyl ester derivatives. With the aim to further expand this concept to the formation of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes as single isomer, we had first to design the preparation of the required 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropenes that would control the regioselective addition of the organometallic derivatives. The synthesis of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes was then reported for the first time as a single regio- and diastereomer. It should be noted that the in situ formed cyclopropyl-metal intermediate is configurationally stable and can be subsequently functionalized with pure retention of the configuration by addition of electrophiles. Then, the enantioselective-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of achiral cyclopropenes allowed the synthesis of several new classes of cyclopropane derivatives in high enantiomeric ratios. Finally, by combining the regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation reaction of a cyclopropene with a subsequent reaction of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species, a selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage was observed to lead to the preparation of acyclic substrates possessing several stereocenters including a quaternary carbon stereogenic center. Our original vision of using strain within an embedded double bond in a three-membered ring has provided new routes to the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes and has been extremely successful, as it represents a current new tool for the synthesis of persubstituted cyclopropanes as a single diastereomer.
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Levitskiy OA, Aglamazova OI, Grishin YK, Magdesieva TV. Reductive opening of a cyclopropane ring in the Ni(II) coordination environment: a route to functionalized dehydroalanine and cysteine derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1166-1176. [PMID: 36128429 PMCID: PMC9475196 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of an α,α-cyclopropanated amino acid in the chiral Ni(II) coordination environment in the form of a Schiff base is considered as a route to electrochemical broadening of the donor-acceptor cyclopropane concept in combination with chirality induction in the targeted products. A tendency to the reductive ring-opening and the follow-up reaction paths of thus formed radical anions influenced by substituents in the cyclopropane ring are discussed. Optimization of the reaction conditions opens a route to the non-proteinogenic amino acid derivatives containing an α-β or β-γ double C=C bond in the side chain; the regioselectivity can be tuned by the addition of Lewis acids. One-pot combination of the reductive ring opening and subsequent addition of thiols allows obtaining the cysteine derivatives in practical yields and with high stereoselectivity at the removed β-stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Levitskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Aglamazova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Magdesieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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46
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Yu R, Cai S, Li C, Fang X. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroaryloxy‐ and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200733. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Song‐Zhou Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Can Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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Liu MS, Du HW, Cui JF, Shu W. Intermolecular Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation and Aziridination of Alkenes with XH2 (X = N, C) by Thianthrenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hai-Wu Du
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jian-Fang Cui
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei Shu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry Room 5-505, 1088 Xueyuan Road 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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48
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Prakash M, Rani P, Samanta S. A substrate-dependent reaction of 1-aryl-2-alkyl-1,2-diketones with 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates: selective access to 2',5'-dicyclopropoxy-1,1':4',1''-teraryls and pentafulvenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6445-6458. [PMID: 35894220 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interesting substrate-controlled one-pot approach to highly substituted 2',5'-dicyclopropoxy-1,1':4',1''-teraryls and 6-hydroxypentafulvenes involving various 1,2-diketones and 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates as 3C Michael acceptors triggered by Cs2CO3 has been developed. We noticed that 1,2-diketones play a decisive role in this reaction to determine the product's selectivity. For example, aryl rings having electron-poor functionalities at the para and meta-positions of 1,2-diketones led to 2,5-diarylhydroquinones selectively via a cyclodimerization/double oxa-Michael process with highly strained cyclopropenes. However, when 1-naphthyl/electron-donating aryl/ortho-aryl-substituted 1,2-diketones were chosen, the Michael-initiated ring expansion reaction (C-C and CC bonds) took place under the same conditions that gave the corresponding pentafulvenes predominately. Moreover, this reaction has several imperative features such as good to high diastereoselectivities, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, transition metal-free process, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Prakash
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
| | - Poonam Rani
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
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49
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Chen L, Minh Thi Le T, Bouillon J, Poisson T, Jubault P. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopropanes from α‐Substituted Allyl Sulfones with Donor‐Acceptor or Diacceptor Diazo Reagents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201254. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Thi Minh Thi Le
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | | | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
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50
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Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroaryloxy‐ and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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