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van der Westhuizen D, Castro AC, Hazari N, Gevorgyan A. Bulky, electron-rich, renewable: analogues of Beller's phosphine for cross-couplings. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:6733-6742. [PMID: 38026730 PMCID: PMC10680433 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy01375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the conversion of biomass into renewable chemicals, yet the range of value-added products that can be formed from biomass remains relatively small. Herein, we demonstrate that molecules available from biomass serve as viable starting materials for the synthesis of phosphine ligands, which can be used in homogeneous catalysis. Specifically, we prepared renewable analogues of Beller's ligand (di(1-adamantyl)-n-butylphosphine, cataCXium® A), which is widely used in homogeneous catalysis. Our new renewable phosphine ligands facilitate Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions with high yields, and our catalytic results can be rationalized based on the stereoelectronic properties of the ligands. The new phosphine ligands generate catalytic systems that can be applied for the late-stage functionalization of commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abril C Castro
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Ashot Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
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2
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Menche M, Klein P, Hermsen M, Konrath R, Ghosh T, Wysocki J, Ernst M, Hashmi ASK, Schäfer A, Comba P, Schaub T. Ligand backbone influence on the enantioselectivity in the ruthenium‐catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with NH3/H2 using binaphthyl‐substituted phosphines. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Menche
- BASF SE Computational Chemistry Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Philippe Klein
- Heidelberg University Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Marko Hermsen
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Robert Konrath
- BASF SE Organic Synthesis Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Tamal Ghosh
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Jedrzej Wysocki
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Flel 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Martin Ernst
- BASF SE Organic Synthesis Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Heidelberg University Organic Chemistry Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Ansgar Schäfer
- BASF SE Computational Chemistry Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Peter Comba
- Heidelberg University Inorganic Chemistry Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Thomas Schaub
- BASF SE Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
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3
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Lustosa DM, Milo A. Mechanistic Inference from Statistical Models at Different Data-Size Regimes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M. Lustosa
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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4
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Durand DJ, Fey N. Building a Toolbox for the Analysis and Prediction of Ligand and Catalyst Effects in Organometallic Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:837-848. [PMID: 33533587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Computers have become closely involved with most aspects of modern life, and these developments are tracked in the chemical sciences. Recent years have seen the integration of computing across chemical research, made possible by investment in equipment, software development, improved networking between researchers, and rapid growth in the application of predictive approaches to chemistry, but also a change of attitude rooted in the successes of computational chemistry-it is now entirely possible to complete research projects where computation and synthesis are cooperative and integrated, and work in synergy to achieve better insights and improved results. It remains our ambition to put computational prediction before experiment, and we have been working toward developing the key ingredients and workflows to achieve this.The ability to precisely tune selectivity along with high catalyst activity make organometallic catalysts using transition metal (TM) centers ideal for high-value-added transformations, and this can make them appealing for industrial applications. However, mechanistic variations of TM-catalyzed reactions across the vast chemical space of different catalysts and substrates are not fully explored, and such an exploration is not feasible with current resources. This can lead to complete synthetic failures when new substrates are used, but more commonly we see outcomes that require further optimization, such as incomplete conversion, insufficient selectivity, or the appearance of unwanted side products. These processes consume time and resources, but the insights and data generated are usually not tied to a broader predictive workflow where experiments test hypotheses quantitatively, reducing their impact.These failures suggest at least a partial deviation of the reaction pathway from that hypothesized, hinting at quite complex mechanistic manifolds for organometallic catalysts that are affected by the combination of input variables. Mechanistic deviation is most likely when challenging multifunctional substrates are being used, and the quest for so-called privileged catalysts is quickly replaced by a need to screen catalyst libraries until a new "best" match between the catalyst and substrate can be identified and the reaction conditions can be optimized. As a community we remain confined to broad interpretations of the substrate scope of new catalysts and focus on small changes based on idealized catalytic cycles rather than working toward a "big data" view of organometallic homogeneous catalysis with routine use of predictive models and transparent data sharing.Databases of DFT-calculated steric and electronic descriptors can be built for such catalysts, and we summarize here how these can be used in the mapping, interpretation, and prediction of catalyst properties and reactivities. Our motivation is to make these databases useful as tools for synthetic chemists so that they challenge and validate quantitative computational approaches. In this Account, we demonstrate their application to different aspects of catalyst design and discovery and their integration with computational mechanistic studies and thus describe the progress of our journey toward truly predictive models in homogeneous organometallic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Durand
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Fey N, Koumi A, Malkov AV, Moseley JD, Nguyen BN, Tyler SNG, Willans CE. Mapping the properties of bidentate ligands with calculated descriptors (LKB-bid). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8169-8178. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand space for bidentates has been mapped, computationally, varying donors, substituents and backbones, to give a new database, LKB-bid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol BS8 1TS
- UK
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7
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Abstract
Ligands, especially phosphines and carbenes, can play a key role in modifying and controlling homogeneous organometallic catalysts, and they often provide a convenient approach to fine-tuning the performance of known catalysts. The measurable outcomes of such catalyst modifications (yields, rates, selectivity) can be set into context by establishing their relationship to steric and electronic descriptors of ligand properties, and such models can guide the discovery, optimization, and design of catalysts. In this review we present a survey of calculated ligand descriptors, with a particular focus on homogeneous organometallic catalysis. A range of different approaches to calculating steric and electronic parameters are set out and compared, and we have collected descriptors for a range of representative ligand sets, including 30 monodentate phosphorus(III) donor ligands, 23 bidentate P,P-donor ligands, and 30 carbenes, with a view to providing a useful resource for analysis to practitioners. In addition, several case studies of applications of such descriptors, covering both maps and models, have been reviewed, illustrating how descriptor-led studies of catalysis can inform experiments and highlighting good practice for model comparison and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Durand
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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8
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Jover J, Cirera J. Computational assessment on the Tolman cone angles for P-ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15036-15048. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
P-ligand cone angles have been properly recomputed in different transition-metal coordination linear, tetrahedral and octahedral environments by combining molecular mechanics and DFT methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jover
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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9
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The highly surprising behaviour of diphosphine ligands in iron-catalysed Negishi cross-coupling. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Grajciar L, Heard CJ, Bondarenko AA, Polynski MV, Meeprasert J, Pidko EA, Nachtigall P. Towards operando computational modeling in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8307-8348. [PMID: 30204184 PMCID: PMC6240816 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased synergy between experimental and theoretical investigations in heterogeneous catalysis has become apparent during the last decade. Experimental work has extended from ultra-high vacuum and low temperature towards operando conditions. These developments have motivated the computational community to move from standard descriptive computational models, based on inspection of the potential energy surface at 0 K and low reactant concentrations (0 K/UHV model), to more realistic conditions. The transition from 0 K/UHV to operando models has been backed by significant developments in computer hardware and software over the past few decades. New methodological developments, designed to overcome part of the gap between 0 K/UHV and operando conditions, include (i) global optimization techniques, (ii) ab initio constrained thermodynamics, (iii) biased molecular dynamics, (iv) microkinetic models of reaction networks and (v) machine learning approaches. The importance of the transition is highlighted by discussing how the molecular level picture of catalytic sites and the associated reaction mechanisms changes when the chemical environment, pressure and temperature effects are correctly accounted for in molecular simulations. It is the purpose of this review to discuss each method on an equal footing, and to draw connections between methods, particularly where they may be applied in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Grajciar
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Christopher J. Heard
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
| | - Anton A. Bondarenko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Polynski
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
| | - Jittima Meeprasert
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT group
, ITMO University
,
Lomonosova 9
, St. Petersburg
, 191002
, Russia
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group
, Department of Chemical Engineering
, Faculty of Applied Sciences
, Delft University of Technology
,
Van der Maasweg 9
, 2629 HZ Delft
, The Netherlands
.
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
, Faculty of Science
, Charles University in Prague
,
128 43 Prague 2
, Czech Republic
.
;
;
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11
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Lee K, Wei H, Blake AV, Donahue CM, Keith JM, Daly SR. Measurement of Diphosphine σ-Donor and π-Acceptor Properties in d0 Titanium Complexes Using Ligand K-Edge XAS and TDDFT. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10277-10286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Haochuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Anastasia V. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Courtney M. Donahue
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Jason M. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
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12
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Fusè M, Rimoldi I, Facchetti G, Rampino S, Barone V. Exploiting coordination geometry to selectively predict the σ-donor and π-acceptor abilities of ligands: a back-and-forth journey between electronic properties and spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2397-2400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination geometry switches the carbonyl stretching frequency into a selective probe of the σ-donor and π-acceptor abilities of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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13
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Keylor MH, Niemeyer ZL, Sigman MS, Tan KL. Inverting Conventional Chemoselectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Amine Arylations with Multiply Halogenated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10613-10616. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H. Keylor
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary L. Niemeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kian L. Tan
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Fusè M, Rimoldi I, Cesarotti E, Rampino S, Barone V. On the relation between carbonyl stretching frequencies and the donor power of chelating diphosphines in nickel dicarbonyl complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9028-9038. [PMID: 28304027 PMCID: PMC5436090 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The relation between spectroscopic observables and the detailed metal-ligand bonding features in chelation complexes is addressed using both experimental and state-of-the-art theoretical and computational methods. We synthesized and characterized a set of six nickel dicarbonyl complexes of general formula [Ni(CO)2(PP)], where PP is an atropoisomeric chelating diphosphine ligand. The analysis of the obtained experimental data and the basicity and oxidative potentials of the free ligands suggests a close relation between the donor ability of the chelating ligand and the carbonyl stretching frequencies observed in the complexes. We then use theory to unravel the detailed mechanisms of chelation-bond formation in terms of partial charge flows between the molecular orbitals of the fragments. By extending the promising, recently published natural orbitals for chemical valence/charge displacement (NOCV/CD) analysis scheme we provide a thorough, quantitative description of the several charge fluxes following the metal-ligand bond formation and demonstrate that the carbonyl stretching frequencies in the considered complexes selectively respond to the σ-donation charge flow from the phosphorus lone pairs of the ligands, with the frequency shift being in quantitative correlation with the extent of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fusè
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cesarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Wu XF. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative transformation of aryl chlorides and aryl tosylates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The developments in the carbonylative transformations of aryl chlorides and aryl tosylates have been collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
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16
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Foscato M, Houghton BJ, Occhipinti G, Deeth RJ, Jensen VR. Ring Closure To Form Metal Chelates in 3D Fragment-Based de Novo Design. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1844-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Benjamin J. Houghton
- Inorganic
Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, Great Britain
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert J. Deeth
- Inorganic
Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, Great Britain
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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17
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Fey N, Papadouli S, Pringle PG, Ficks A, Fleming JT, Higham LJ, Wallis JF, Carmichael D, Mézailles N, Müller C. Setting P-Donor Ligands into Context: An Application of the Ligand Knowledge Base (LKB) Approach. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.983599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Papadouli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Ficks
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James T. Fleming
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee J. Higham
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer F. Wallis
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Carmichael
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 9168, École Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 5069,118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 12167, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Fey N. Lost in chemical space? Maps to support organometallic catalysis. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:38. [PMID: 26113874 PMCID: PMC4480443 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Descriptors calculated from molecular structures have been used to map different areas of chemical space. A number of applications for such maps can be identified, ranging from the fine-tuning and optimisation of catalytic activity and compound properties to virtual screening of novel compounds, as well as the exhaustive exploration of large areas of chemical space by automated combinatorial building and evaluation. This review focuses on organometallic catalysis, but also touches on other areas where similar approaches have been used, with a view to assessing the extent to which chemical space has been explored. Cartoon representation of a chemical space map. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK
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19
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Donahue CM, McCollom SP, Forrest CM, Blake AV, Bellott BJ, Keith JM, Daly SR. Impact of Coordination Geometry, Bite Angle, and Trans Influence on Metal-Ligand Covalency in Phenyl-Substituted Phosphine Complexes of Ni and Pd. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5646-59. [PMID: 25996554 DOI: 10.1021/ic503125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the long-standing use of phosphine and diphosphine ligands in coordination chemistry and catalysis, questions remain as to their effects on metal-ligand bonding in transition metal complexes. Here we report ligand K-edge XAS, DFT, and TDDFT studies aimed at quantifying the impact of coordination geometry, diphosphine bite angle, and phosphine trans influence on covalency in M-P and M-Cl bonds. A series of four-coordinate NiCl2 and PdCl2 complexes containing PPh3 or Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, where n = 1 (dppm), 2 (dppe), 3 (dppp), and 4 (dppb), was analyzed. The XAS data revealed that changing the coordination geometry from tetrahedral in Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 (1) to square planar in Ni(dppe)Cl2 (2) more than doubles the intensity of pre-edge features assigned to Ni-P and Ni-Cl 1s → σ* transitions. By way of comparison, varying the diphosphine in Pd(dppm)Cl2 (4), Pd(dppp)Cl2 (6), and Pd(dppb)Cl2 (7) yielded Pd-P 1s → σ* transitions with identical intensities, but a 10% increase was observed in the P K-edge XAS spectrum of Pd(dppe)Cl2 (5). A similar observation was made when comparing Ni(dppe)Cl2 (2) to Ni(dppp)Cl2 (3), and DFT and TDDFT calculations corroborated XAS results obtained for both series. Comparison of the spectroscopic and theoretical results to the diphosphine structures revealed that changes in M-P covalency were not correlated to changes in bite angles or coordination geometry. As a final measure, P and Cl K-edge XAS data were collected on trans-Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (8) for comparison to the cis diphosphine complex Pd(dppe)Cl2 (5). Consistent with phosphine's stronger trans influence compared to chloride, a 35% decrease in the intensity of the Pd-P 1s → σ* pre-edge feature and a complementary 34% increase in Pd-Cl 1s → σ* feature was observed for 8 (trans) compared to 5 (cis). Overall, the results reveal how coordination geometry, ligand arrangement, and diphosphine structure affect covalent metal-phosphorus and metal-chloride bonding in these late transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Donahue
- †Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Samuel P McCollom
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Chelsie M Forrest
- §Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, Illinois 61455, United States
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- †Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brian J Bellott
- §Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, Illinois 61455, United States
| | - Jason M Keith
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Scott R Daly
- †Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Jover J, Miloserdov FM, Benet-Buchholz J, Grushin VV, Maseras F. On the Feasibility of Nickel-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Halides. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jover
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fedor M. Miloserdov
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vladimir V. Grushin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08197 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Jover J, Fey N. The Computational Road to Better Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1714-23. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Foscato M, Occhipinti G, Venkatraman V, Alsberg BK, Jensen VR. Automated Design of Realistic Organometallic Molecules from Fragments. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:767-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ci4007497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vishwesh Venkatraman
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn K. Alsberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Fernández-Anca D, García-Seijo MI, García-Fernández ME. Tuneable reactivity with PPh3 and SnX2 of four- and five-coordinate Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes containing polyphosphines. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10221-32. [PMID: 23728361 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32611j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the unusual d(8) trigonal-bipyramidal systems [MX(PP3)]X (X = Cl: M = Pd(1a), Pt(2a); X = Br: M = Pd(3a), Pt(4a); X = I: M = Pd(5a), Pt(6a); PP3 = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine) in CHCl3-CH3OH, the square-pyramidal compounds [MCl(NP3)]Cl (M = Pd(7a); Pt(8a); NP3 = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]amine) in CD3OD-DMF and the distorted square-planar mononuclear [MX(PNP)]X (M = Pd: X = Cl(10a); M = Pt: X = I(10b); PNP = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]amine) and the heteronuclear [PdAu2X4(PP3)] [X = I(9a), Cl(14a), Br(15a)] and [MAuX2(PP3)]X [M = Pd: X = Cl(16a); M = Pt: X = Cl(17a), Br(18a)] species in CDCl3 with PPh3 + SnX2 has been explored to establish the factors that influence the nature of the products. With the mononuclear precursors the course of the reaction is strongly dependent on the tripodal or linear arrangement of the polydentate ligand and in the former case on the halogen. Thus, while for chlorides (1a-2a, 7a-8a) and bromides (3a-4a) the reaction led to the trigonal-bipyramidal compounds [M(SnCl3)(AP3)][SnCl3] [A = P: M = Pd(1), Pt(2); A = N: M = Pd(7), Pt(8)], [MBr(PP3)][SnBr3] [M = Pd(4), Pt(6)] containing M-Sn and M-Br bonds, respectively, for iodides (5a-6a) resulted in the unknown neutral square-planar compounds [MI2(PP(PO)2)(SnI2)2] [M = Pd(9) and Pt(10)] bearing two dangling P=O-SnI2 units and P2MI2 environments. However, complexes of the type [PtCl(PP2PO)X]X' [X = SnCl2, X' = [SnCl3](-)(11)] and [M(PP(PO)2)2X4]X'2 [X = SnCl2, X' = [SnCl3](-): M = Pd(12), Pt(13)] showing P=O-SnCl2 arms were obtained by direct reaction of [PtCl(PP2PO)]Cl (11a) and [M(PP(PO)2)2]Cl2 [M = Pd(12a), Pt(13a)] with SnCl2 in CH3OH. Although complex 9 was also prepared by interaction of the heteronuclear iodide 9a with PPh3 + SnI2 in CDCl3, the use of the neutral and ionic heteronuclear chlorides and bromides (14a-18a) as starting materials afforded the distorted square-planar ionic systems [MAuX'(PP3)(PPh3)][SnX3]2 [M = Pd: X = Cl, X' = SnCl3(-)(14); X = Br, X' = SnBr3(-)(15); M = Pt: X = Cl, X' = SnCl3(-)(17); X = Br, X' = SnBr3(-)(18)] containing M-SnX3 and P-Au-PPh3 functionalities. It was found that these reactions where the heteronuclear species are the precursors proceed via the trigonal-bipyramidal halides not only with X = Cl and Br(1a-4a) but also I(5a). When the precursors were 10a and 10b the reaction occurred with formation of [Pd(PNP)(PPh3)][SnCl3]2 (23) and [Pt(PNP)(PPh3)][SnCl2I]2 (24) showing M-PPh3 units and trihalostannato counter anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Fernández-Anca
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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