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Bajo KI, Aoki J, Ishihara M, Furuya S, Nishimura M, Yoshitake M, Yurimoto H. Development of electrostatic-induced charge detector for multiturn time-of-flight mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4892. [PMID: 36376098 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed an autocorrelation function to resolve the overtaking problem in a multiturn time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The function analyzes the characteristic period for one lap of each ion packet and derives a mass spectrum from a signal pulse train composed of multiturn ion packets. To detect the ion pulse train, a new nondestructive ion detector was developed and installed in the multiturn orbit of MULTUM-S II. This detector is composed of an electrostatically induced charge detector, a preamplifier, and a digitizer. The electrostatic noises are smaller than the single-ion signals owing to the accumulation of the multiturn TOF spectrum. The conventional ion detector of TOF-MS is operated after collecting the signal pulse train. The multiturn TOF spectrum was convolved with an autocorrelation function to derive the mass spectrum. The convolved mass spectrum performed a mass resolving power (MRP) of 28,200 at m/z 69 and mass accuracy of 28 ppm for the perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) gas sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Bajo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Aoki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Morio Ishihara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- ISAS/JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan
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Brais CJ, Ibañez JO, Schwartz AJ, Ray SJ. RECENT ADVANCES IN INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:647-669. [PMID: 32779281 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is one of the simplest and most powerful approaches for mass spectrometry. Realization of the advantages inherent in TOFMS requires innovation in the theory and practice of the technique. Instrumental developments, in turn, create new capabilities that enable applications in chemical measurement. This review focuses on the recent advances in TOFMS instrumentation. New strategies for ion acceleration, multiplexed detection, miniaturized TOFMS instruments, approaches to extend the length of ion flight, and novel ion detection technologies are reviewed. Techniques that change the basic paradigm of TOFMS by measuring m/z based on ion flight distance are considered, as are applications at the frontiers of instrumental performance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brais
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | | | | | - Steven J Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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Mielczarek P, Silberring J, Smoluch M. MINIATURIZATION IN MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:453-470. [PMID: 31793697 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for continuous miniaturization in mass spectrometry are not declining for years. Portable instruments are highly welcome by the industry, science, space agencies, forensic laboratories, and many other units. All are striving for the small, cheap, and as good as possible instruments. This review describes the recent developments of miniature mass spectrometers and also provides selected applications where these devices are used. Upcoming perspectives of further development are also discussed. @ 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Zoccali M, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A review of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tranchida PQ, Aloisi I, Giocastro B, Zoccali M, Mondello L. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using milder electron ionization conditions: A preliminary evaluation. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li X, Zhang Y, Ge S, Qian J, Miao W. Portable linear ion trap mass spectrometer with compact multistage vacuum system and continuous atmospheric pressure interface. Analyst 2019; 144:5127-5135. [PMID: 31338496 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A portable linear ion trap mass spectrometer featuring a compact three-stage vacuum system, a continuous atmospheric pressure interface (CAPI), and a miniature ion funnel was developed and characterized. The dimensions and weight of the instrument were 38 × 26 × 23 cm3 and ∼20 kg, respectively. The combination of a three-stage vacuum system and CAPI reduced the pressure smoothly from atmospheric to ∼5 × 10-4 Torr, ensuring that the miniature ion funnel, quadrupole ion guide, and linear ion trap operated in a suitable and stable vacuum environment. The analytical performance of the instrument was evaluated with a nano-electron spray ionization source and a reserpine sample solution. A satisfactory mass resolution up to 4060 (m/Δm, FWHM) was achieved at m/z 609 when the mass scan rate was 495 Da s-1. Unit mass resolution was achieved at a mass scan rate of 6000 Da s-1. In addition, a limit of detection of 5 ng mL-1 was achieved and tandem mass spectrometry (MS3) was successfully performed with the instrument. Furthermore, the measurements showed high repeatability and stability (RSD < 6%). This portable mass spectrometer shows great potential for practical applications in on-site analyses, such as those required for food safety, drug analysis, environmental protection, forensic investigations, and homeland security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China.
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Kawai Y, Hondo T, Jensen KR, Toyoda M, Terada K. Improved Quantitative Dynamic Range of Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by Simultaneously Waveform-Averaging and Ion-Counting Data Acquisition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1403-1407. [PMID: 29700728 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two different types of data acquisition methods, "averaging mode" and "ion-counting mode", have been used in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The most common method is an averaging mode that sums waveform signals obtained from each flight cycle. While it is possible to process many ions arriving at the same TOF in one flight cycle, low-abundance ions are difficult to measure because ion signals are overwhelmed by noises from the detection system. An ion-counting mode is suitable for the detection of such low-concentration ions, but counting loss occurs when two or more ions arrive at the detector within the dead time of the acquisition system. In this study, we introduce a technique that combines two methods to measure target ions with a high concentration difference, i.e., averaging mode and ion-counting mode are used simultaneously for high abundant and trace ions, respectively. By processing waveforms concurrently during data acquisition, one can choose to analyze either or both types of data to achieve a highly quantitative mass spectrum over a wide range of sample concentrations. The result of the argon isotope analysis shows that this method provides a more accurate determination of the isotope ratio compared to averaging mode alone at one-twentieth of the analysis time required by ion-counting alone. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan.
| | - Toshinobu Hondo
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
- MS-Cheminformatics, LLC, Inabe-gun, Japan
| | - Kirk R Jensen
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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Zhang M, Kruse NA, Bowman JR, Jackson GP. Field Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soil Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and a Portable Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry System. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:785-793. [PMID: 27170778 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816638268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An expedited field analysis method was developed for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil matrices using a portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. Soil samples of approximately 0.5 g were measured with a portable scale and PCBs were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100 µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Two milliliters of 0.2 M potassium permanganate and 0.5 mL of 6 M sulfuric acid solution were added to the soil matrices to facilitate the extraction of PCBs. The extraction was performed for 30 min at 100 ℃ in a portable heating block that was powered by a portable generator. The portable GC-MS instrument took less than 6 min per analysis and ran off an internal battery and helium cylinder. Six commercial PCB mixtures, Aroclor 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260, could be classified based on the GC chromatograms and mass spectra. The detection limit of this method for Aroclor 1260 in soil matrices is approximately 10 ppm, which is sufficient for guiding remediation efforts in contaminated sites. This method was applicable to the on-site analysis of PCBs with a total analysis time of 37 min per sample. However, the total analysis time could be improved to less than 7 min per sample by conducting the rate-limiting extraction step for different samples in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhang
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Clippinger Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalie A Kruse
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer R Bowman
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Glen P Jackson
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Anan T, Shimma S, Toma Y, Hashidoko Y, Hatano R, Toyoda M. Real time monitoring of gases emitted from soils using a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer "MULTUM-S II". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2752-2757. [PMID: 25323984 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many miniaturized mass spectrometers used for on-site analysis have been designed and developed recently utilizing a broad range of analyzer platforms. These instruments are expected to have widespread applications covering many fields of interest. In our laboratory, a miniaturized multi-turn time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer "MULTUM-S II" was designed and constructed. The size and weight of the developed "MULTUM-S II" are 45 cm × 23 cm × 64 cm and 36 kg. Irrespective of this small platform, it still boasts a high mass resolution capability of more than 30,000. In this study, we attempted to carry out real-time monitoring of gaseous compounds such as N2, O2, CO2, N2O and CH4. Using conventional miniaturized mass spectrometers, CO2 and N2O cannot be detected simultaneously due to the low mass resolution inherent to these established analyzer designs. Using a new method, "GC/high resolution mass spectrometry" described in this paper, real time monitoring of gases emitted from soils can be achieved. In a soil incubation experiment, CO2 and N2O started to increase just after water supplement and these gases varied similarly during the experiment, thus showing that this improved gas analyzing system could monitor the short time response of gaseous production in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Anan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
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