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Koopmann S, Prommer H, Siade A, Pichler T. Molybdenum Mobility During Managed Aquifer Recharge in Carbonate Aquifers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7478-7489. [PMID: 37126233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of molybdenum (Mo) in groundwater systems has received little attention, although a high intake of Mo is known to be detrimental to human and animal health. Here, we used a comprehensive hydrochemical data set collected during a multi-cycle aquifer storage and recovery test to study the mechanisms that control the mobility of Mo under spatially and temporally varying hydrochemical conditions. The model-based interpretation of the data indicated that the initial mobilization of Mo occurs as a sequence of reactions, in which (i) the aerobic injectant induces pyrite oxidation, (ii) the released acidity is partially buffered by the dissolution of dolomite that (iii) leads to the release of Mo with highly soluble sulfurized organic matter prevailing between the intercrystalline spaces of the dolomite matrix or incorporated in dolomite crystals. Once released, Mo mobility was primarily controlled by pH-dependent surface complexation reactions to the sediments and, to a lesser extent, the capture by iron sulfides (FeS). In the studied system, Mo mobilization could be effectively mitigated by reducing or eliminating pyrite oxidation, which decreases the likelihood of dolomite dissolution and associated Mo release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koopmann
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str. 2-4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley 6913, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Siade
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley 6913, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str. 2-4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Maidana-Kulesza MN, Poma HR, Sanguino-Jorquera DG, Reyes SI, Del Milagro Said-Adamo M, Mainardi-Remis JM, Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Cristóbal HA, Cruz MC, Aparicio González M, Rajal VB. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022. [PMID: 35908692 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.17.21259122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving discharges from wastewater plants (WWTP), were monitored from July to December 2020. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was compared to reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality; FIBs were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Mojotoro River's water quality was not affected by the northern WWTP of the city. Instead, Arenales River presented the poorest water quality; at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was found in about half of samples in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in Arenales River. No human tracers were detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and normalized viral concentrations strongly correlated with reported COVID-19 cases; thus, Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is the first study showing the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Maidana-Kulesza
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino-Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Sarita Isabel Reyes
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Said-Adamo
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Mainardi-Remis
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Dolores Gutiérrez-Cacciabue
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Cecilia Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mónica Aparicio González
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Maidana-Kulesza MN, Poma HR, Sanguino-Jorquera DG, Reyes SI, Del Milagro Said-Adamo M, Mainardi-Remis JM, Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Cristóbal HA, Cruz MC, Aparicio González M, Rajal VB. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157707. [PMID: 35908692 PMCID: PMC9334864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving discharges from wastewater plants (WWTP), were monitored from July to December 2020. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was compared to reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality; FIBs were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Mojotoro River's water quality was not affected by the northern WWTP of the city. Instead, Arenales River presented the poorest water quality; at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was found in about half of samples in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in Arenales River. No human tracers were detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and normalized viral concentrations strongly correlated with reported COVID-19 cases; thus, Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is the first study showing the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Maidana-Kulesza
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino-Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Sarita Isabel Reyes
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Said-Adamo
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Mainardi-Remis
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Dolores Gutiérrez-Cacciabue
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Cecilia Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mónica Aparicio González
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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4
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Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Rajal VB. Estimating decay kinetic parameters and persistence of bacteria in water is essential for future modelling. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Aguirre BP, Masachessi G, Ferreyra LJ, Biganzoli P, Grumelli Y, Panero MD, Wassaf MM, Pisano MB, Welter A, Mangeaud A, Ré V, Nates SV, Pavan JV. Searching variables to assess recreational water quality: the presence of infectious human enterovirus and its correlation with the main variables of water pollution by multivariate statistical approach in Córdoba, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6586-6601. [PMID: 30628001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are used by local populations for different purposes, such as recreational activities, water source for human and animal consumption, and irrigation among others, which lead to the need for management strategies on water health and associated risks. During this study, we investigated physicochemical parameters, fecal coliform bacteria, and infectious human enterovirus detection to determine the water quality in different beaches (categorized as an urban area, non-urban areas, and an intermediate position) from San Roque Dam, in Argentina. Multivariate techniques were applied. Principal component analysis allowed identification of subgroup of variables responsible for the water quality. A cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed the urban beach as the highest pollution area. The following variables (measured at the urban beach) would be enough to describe the quality of the aquatic body: nitrites, fecal coliforms, total phosphorous, and infectious human enterovirus. The infectious human enterovirus was an independent variable detected in 69.1% of the samples showing a steady frequency of detection during the whole period studied and could identify human fecal contaminations as a source of water pollution. The selected variables would contribute to water quality regarding the risk for human health using San Roque dam waters for recreational propose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belquis Pamela Aguirre
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Jesús Ferreyra
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis M. de la Fuente S/N, Ciudad Universitaria de la Ciencia y de la Técnica, F5300, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Patricia Biganzoli
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Grumelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Mariangeles Diaz Panero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Maribel Martinez Wassaf
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Pisano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Welter
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Obispo Trejo 323, X5000IYH, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Mangeaud
- Departamento de Bioestadística. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av Velez Sarsfield 1611, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Ré
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Viviana Nates
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Victorio Pavan
- Instituto de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo s/n Ciudad Universitaria, X5000GYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Teich I, Poma HR, Cruz MC, Balzarini M, Rajal VB. Strategies to optimize monitoring schemes of recreational waters from Salta, Argentina: a multivariate approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:8359-80. [PMID: 25190636 PMCID: PMC4492940 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several recreational surface waters in Salta, Argentina, were selected to assess their quality. Seventy percent of the measurements exceeded at least one of the limits established by international legislation becoming unsuitable for their use. To interpret results of complex data, multivariate techniques were applied. Arenales River, due to the variability observed in the data, was divided in two: upstream and downstream representing low and high pollution sites, respectively, and cluster analysis supported that differentiation. Arenales River downstream and Campo Alegre Reservoir were the most different environments, and Vaqueros and La Caldera rivers were the most similar. Canonical correlation analysis allowed exploration of correlations between physicochemical and microbiological variables except in both parts of Arenales River, and principal component analysis allowed finding relationships among the nine measured variables in all aquatic environments. Variable's loadings showed that Arenales River downstream was impacted by industrial and domestic activities, Arenales River upstream was affected by agricultural activities, Campo Alegre Reservoir was disturbed by anthropogenic and ecological effects, and La Caldera and Vaqueros rivers were influenced by recreational activities. Discriminant analysis allowed identification of subgroup of variables responsible for seasonal and spatial variations. Enterococcus, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, E. coli, pH, and fecal coliforms are sufficient to spatially describe the quality of the aquatic environments. Regarding seasonal variations, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, fecal coliforms, and pH can be used to describe water quality during dry season, while dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus during wet season. Thus, the use of multivariate techniques allowed optimizing monitoring tasks and minimizing costs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Gutiérrez-Cacciabue
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIQUI – CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina. Phone and Fax: (54-387)-4251006
| | - Ingrid Teich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Estadística y Biometría, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, UNC, Av. Valparaíso s/n Ciudad Universitaria. CC: 509, (5000), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIQUI – CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina. Phone and Fax: (54-387)-4251006
| | - Mercedes Cecilia Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIQUI – CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina. Phone and Fax: (54-387)-4251006
| | - Mónica Balzarini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Estadística y Biometría, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, UNC, Av. Valparaíso s/n Ciudad Universitaria. CC: 509, (5000), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIQUI – CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina. Phone and Fax: (54-387)-4251006
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