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Stewart S, Wei Q, Sun Y. Surface chemistry of quantum-sized metal nanoparticles under light illumination. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1227-1239. [PMID: 34163884 PMCID: PMC8179176 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Size reduction of metal nanoparticles increases the exposure of metal surfaces significantly, favoring heterogeneous chemistry at the surface of the nanoparticles. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles, such as light absorption, also exhibit a strong dependence on their size. It is expected that there will be strong coupling of light absorption and surface chemistry when the metal nanoparticles are small enough. For instance, metal nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 2–10 nm exhibit both surface plasmon resonances, which can efficiently produce high-energy hot electrons near the surface of the nanoparticles under light illumination, and the Coulomb blockade effect, which favors electron transfer from the metal nanoparticles to the surface adsorbates. The synergy of efficient hot electron generation and electron transfer on the surface of small metal nanoparticles leads to double-faced effects: (i) surface (adsorption) chemistry influences optical absorption in the metal nanoparticles, and (ii) optical absorption in the metal nanoparticles promotes (or inhibits) surface adsorption and heterogeneous chemistry. This review article focuses on the discussion of typical quantum phenomena in metal nanoparticles of 2–10 nm in size, which are referred to as “quantum-sized metal nanoparticles”. Both theoretical and experimental examples and results are summarized to highlight the strong correlations between the optical absorption and surface chemistry for quantum-sized metal nanoparticles of various compositions. A comprehensive understanding of these correlations may shed light on achieving high-efficiency photocatalysis and photonics. Size reduction of metal nanoparticles increases the exposure of metal surfaces significantly, favoring heterogeneous photochemistry at the surface of the nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Qilin Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
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2
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Qi X, Shinagawa T, Kishimoto F, Takanabe K. Determination and perturbation of the electronic potentials of solid catalysts for innovative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:540-545. [PMID: 34163783 PMCID: PMC8179014 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about energy and the environment are motivating a reexamination of catalytic processes, aiming to achieve more efficient and improved catalysis compatible with sustainability. Designing an active site for such heterogeneous catalytic processes remains a challenge leading to a next level breakthrough. Herein, we discuss a fundamental aspect of heterogeneous catalysis: the chemical potential of electrons in solid catalysts during thermal catalysis, which directly reflects the consequent catalytic reaction rate. The use of electrochemical tools during thermal catalysis allows for the quantitative determination of the ill-defined chemical potentials of solids in operando, whereby the potential-rate relationship can be established. Furthermore, the electrochemical means can also introduce the direct perturbation of catalyst potentials, in turn, perturbing the coverage of adsorbates functioning as poison, promoters, or reactants. We collect selected publications on these aspects, and provide a viewpoint bridging the fields of thermal- and electro-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Qi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shinagawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Fuminao Kishimoto
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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Lee H, Yoon S, Jo J, Jeon B, Hyeon T, An K, Park JY. Enhanced hot electron generation by inverse metal-oxide interfaces on catalytic nanodiode. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:353-364. [PMID: 30810549 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the electronic behavior of metal-oxide interfaces is essential for understanding the origin of catalytic properties and for engineering catalyst structures with the desired reactivity. For a mechanistic understanding of hot electron dynamics at inverse oxide/metal interfaces, we employed a new catalytic nanodiode by combining Co3O4 nanocubes (NCs) with a Pt/TiO2 nanodiode that exhibits nanoscale metal-oxide interfaces. We show that the chemicurrent, which is well correlated with the catalytic activity, is enhanced at the inverse oxide/metal (CoO/Pt) interfaces during H2 oxidation. Based on quantitative visualization of the electronic transfer efficiency with chemicurrent yield, we show that electronic perturbation of oxide/metal interfacial sites not only promotes the generation of hot electrons, but improves catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Lee SW, Hong JW, Lee H, Wi DH, Kim SM, Han SW, Park JY. The surface plasmon-induced hot carrier effect on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation on a Cu 2O/hexoctahedral Au inverse catalyst. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10835-10843. [PMID: 29694476 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic correlation between an enhancement of catalytic activity and the flow of hot electrons generated at metal-oxide interfaces suggests an intriguing way to control catalytic reactions and is a significant subject in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we show surface plasmon-induced catalytic enhancement by the peculiar nanocatalyst design of hexoctahedral (HOH) Au nanocrystals (NCs) with Cu2O clusters. We found that this inverse catalyst comprising a reactive oxide for the catalytic portion and a metal as the source of electrons by localized surface plasmon resonance (localized SPR) exhibits a change in catalytic activity by direct hot electron transfer or plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) when exposed to light. We prepared two types of inverse catalysts, Cu2O at the vertex sites of HOH Au NCs (Cu2O/Au vertex site) and a HOH Au NC-Cu2O core-shell structure (HOH Au@Cu2O), to test the structural effect on surface plasmons. Under broadband light illumination, the Cu2O/Au vertex site catalyst showed 30-90% higher catalytic activity and the HOH Au@Cu2O catalyst showed 10-30% higher catalytic activity than when in the dark. Embedding thin SiO2 layers between the HOH Au NCs and the Cu2O verified that the dominant mechanism for the catalytic enhancement is direct hot electron transfer from the HOH Au to the Cu2O. Finite-difference time domain calculations show that a much stronger electric field was formed on the vertex sites after growing the Cu2O on the HOH Au NCs. These results imply that the catalytic activity is enhanced when hot electrons, created from photon absorption on the HOH Au metal and amplified by the presence of surface plasmons, are transferred to the reactive Cu2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Nedrygailov II, Lee H, Lee SW, Park JY. Hot electron generation on metal catalysts under surface reaction: Principles, devices, and application. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Kim SM, Lee C, Goddeti KC, Park JY. Hot plasmonic electron-driven catalytic reactions on patterned metal-insulator-metal nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11667-11677. [PMID: 28776052 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The smart design of plasmonic nanostructures offers a unique capability for the efficient conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by strong interactions with resonant photons through the excitation of surface plasmon resonance, which increases the prospect of using sunlight in environmental and energy applications. Here, we show that the catalytic activity of CO oxidation can be tuned by using new model systems: two-dimensional (2D) arrays of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic nanoislands designed to efficiently shuttle hot plasmonic electrons. Hot plasmonic electrons are generated upon the absorption of photons on noble metals, followed by the injection of these hot electrons into the Pt nanoparticles through tunneling or Schottky emission mechanisms, depending on the energy of the hot electrons. We found that these MIM nanostructures exhibit higher catalytic activity (i.e. by 40-110%) under light irradiation, revealing a significant impact on the catalytic activity for CO oxidation. The thickness dependence of the enhancement of catalytic activity on the oxide layers is consistent with the tunneling mechanism of hot electron flows. The results imply that surface plasmon-induced hot electron flows by light absorption significantly influence the catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Park JY, Lee SW, Lee C, Lee H. Strategies for Hot Electron-Mediated Catalytic Reactions: Catalytronics. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Non-Colloidal Nanocatalysts Fabricated Using Arc Plasma Deposition and Their Application in Heterogenous Catalysis and Photocatalysis. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang Y, Widmann D, Wittmann M, Lehnert F, Gu D, Schüth F, Behm RJ. High activity and negative apparent activation energy in low-temperature CO oxidation – present on Au/Mg(OH)2, absent on Au/TiO2. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at a better understanding of the unusual low-temperature CO oxidation reaction behavior on Au/Mg(OH)2 catalysts, we investigated this reaction mainly by combined kinetic and in situ IR spectroscopy measurements over a wide range of temperatures, from −90 °C to 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - D. Widmann
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - M. Wittmann
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - F. Lehnert
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
| | - D. Gu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - F. Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - R. J. Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
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10
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Lee SW, Lee C, Goddeti KC, Kim SM, Park JY. Surface plasmon-driven catalytic reactions on a patterned Co3O4/Au inverse catalyst. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot carriers generated from LSPR excitation of Au can transfer to Co3O4, thus enhancing the catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Kalyan C. Goddeti
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
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11
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Oh S, Qadir K, Park JY. Nature of Active Sites and Their Quantitative Measurement in Two-Dimensional Pt Metal Catalysts. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim SM, Lee SW, Moon SY, Park JY. The effect of hot electrons and surface plasmons on heterogeneous catalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:254002. [PMID: 27166263 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/25/254002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons and surface-plasmon-driven chemistry are amongst the most actively studied research subjects because they are deeply associated with energy dissipation and the conversion processes at the surface and interfaces, which are still open questions and key issues in the surface science community. In this topical review, we give an overview of the concept of hot electrons or surface-plasmon-mediated hot electrons generated under various structural schemes (i.e. metals, metal-semiconductor, and metal-insulator-metal) and their role affecting catalytic activity in chemical reactions. We highlight recent studies on the relation between hot electrons and catalytic activity on metallic surfaces. We discuss possible mechanisms for how hot electrons participate in chemical reactions. We also introduce controlled chemistry to describe specific pathways for selectivity control in catalysis on metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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13
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Hot Electron Surface Chemistry at Oxide–Metal Interfaces: Foundation of Acid-base Catalysis. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Park JY, Kim SM, Lee H, Nedrygailov II. Hot-electron-mediated surface chemistry: toward electronic control of catalytic activity. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2475-83. [PMID: 26181684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy dissipation at surfaces and interfaces is mediated by excitation of elementary processes, including phonons and electronic excitation, once external energy is deposited to the surface during exothermic chemical processes. Nonadiabatic electronic excitation in exothermic catalytic reactions results in the flow of energetic electrons with an energy of 1-3 eV when chemical energy is converted to electron flow on a short (femtosecond) time scale before atomic vibration adiabatically dissipates the energy (in picoseconds). These energetic electrons that are not in thermal equilibrium with the metal atoms are called "hot electrons". The detection of hot electron flow under atomic or molecular processes and understanding its role in chemical reactions have been major topics in surface chemistry. Recent studies have demonstrated electronic excitation produced during atomic or molecular processes on surfaces, and the influence of hot electrons on atomic and molecular processes. We outline research efforts aimed at identification of the intrinsic relation between the flow of hot electrons and catalytic reactions. We show various strategies for detection and use of hot electrons generated by the energy dissipation processes in surface chemical reactions and photon absorption. A Schottky barrier localized at the metal-oxide interface of either catalytic nanodiodes or hybrid nanocatalysts allows hot electrons to irreversibly transport through the interface. We show that the chemicurrent, composed of hot electrons excited by the surface reaction of CO oxidation or hydrogen oxidation, correlates well with the turnover rate measured separately by gas chromatography. Furthermore, we show that hot electron flows generated on a gold thin film by photon absorption (or internal photoemission) can be amplified by localized surface plasmon resonance. The influence of hot charge carriers on the chemistry at the metal-oxide interface are discussed for the cases of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles on oxide supports and Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells. We show that the accumulation or depletion of hot electrons on metal nanoparticles, in turn, can also influence catalytic reactions. Mechanisms suggested for hot-electron-induced chemical reactions on a photoexcited plasmonic metal are discussed. We propose that the manipulation of the flow of hot electrons by changing the electrical characteristics of metal-oxide and metal-semiconductor interfaces can give rise to the intriguing capability of tuning the catalytic activity of hybrid nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ievgen I. Nedrygailov
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Park JY, Kim SM, Lee H, Naik B. Hot Electron and Surface Plasmon-Driven Catalytic Reaction in Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Chemical Doping of TiO2 with Nitrogen and Fluorine and Its Support Effect on Catalytic Activity of CO Oxidation. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hashemian MA, Palacios E, Nedrygailov II, Diesing D, Karpov EG. Thermal properties of the stationary current in mesoporous Pt/TiO2 structures in an oxyhydrogen atmosphere. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12375-12379. [PMID: 24256205 DOI: 10.1021/am403182v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the effect of temperature on the electric current induced in the mesoporous Pt/TiO2 structure by the room temperature surface chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen,13,14 which helps to unveil the physical origin of this current and the related electromotive force (chemi-EMF). We found that the temperature dependence of this reaction current has a clear multipeak structure, suggesting that at least two distinct processes contribute to the current generation. We suggest that the output current represents the interplay of both chemical and electrical processes, evidenced by the metastability of the room temperature reaction and by matching one of the current peaks with a water desorption peak for TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hashemian
- Civil & Materials Engineering, University of Illinois , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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