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Pawar P, Anumalla S, Sharma S. Role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in transgenic plant development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3493-3500. [PMID: 37691181 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanostructures, allotropes of carbon which are made up of graphene sheets wrapped around it forming cylindrical structures. CNTs have been regarded to have interesting and attractive physical and chemical properties and have been tremendously used in genetic engineering. Understanding the role of CNTs in development of transgenic plants, review of research papers in the field was done. CNTs are classified into two categories: the single-walled and multiwalled (MWCNTs) structures. They are valuable vectors in various biomedicine fields such as Gene delivery, Drug delivery, Immunotherapy, Tissue engineering, and Biomedical imaging and also, they deliver the DNA without damaging the cells. Based on recent studies, the functionalization of CNTs when combined with some other suitable molecules can drastically subside their toxic effects. Having unique properties such as small size, larger surface area is useful in delivering DNA into mammalian cells as well. Modifications in CNTs can make nucleic acids adhere to them even more efficiently. Also, MWCNTs are crucial in delivery DNA into the cytoplasm. Based on other methods, the CNTs-DNA are a preferred choice and the inclination toward double-stranded DNA is used over single-stranded DNA in gene delivery shows effective results. The only downside of CNTs is that they are hydrophobic and are difficult to form an aqueous solution, thus limiting their applicability. This review will aid you in comprehending useful knowledge related to a general overview of topics related to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praniti Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Suvarna Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, Mumbai, India
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Li M, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhan R, An N, Sun Y, Wu F, Yang J, Su H. Single-walled carbon nanotubes promotes wood formation in Populus davidiana × P.bolleana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:137-143. [PMID: 35653939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abundant studies have revealed that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) regulate plant growth. However, whether or how SWCNTs influence plant wood formation remains largely unknown. In this report, we found that SWCNTs had positive effects on poplar growth, as reflected by significantly increased plant height, leaf size, and fresh and dry weight. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the SWCNTs were absorbed in the exposed poplar root cells. A relatively higher content of cellulose and lignin was observed in the SWCNTs-treated poplar stems than in those of the control plants. It also showed darker phloroglucinol staining in the stems of exposed plants than that in control plants. Further analysis showed that the activities of key enzymes related to cellulose synthesis (cellulose synthase, CesA) and lignin biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD) increased significantly after SWCNTs treatment. Consistent with the change trend of enzyme activity, the relative expression levels of a few lignin- and cellulose-related genes were activated by SWCNTs. Taken together, we proposed that SWCNTs have positive effects on poplar wood formation by modifying the expression of enzymes involved in the cellulose and lignin synthesis pathways. Our data suggest the modifications of wood formation through SWCNTs application could be a useful strategy for improvement of wood bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China; The Institute of Ecological Garden, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ruiling Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Research in Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan, 626000, PR China
| | - Ningning An
- Yantai Laishan Garden Construction and Maintenance Center, PR China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Fanlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong/College of Agriculture, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai, 264025, PR China; The Institute of Ecological Garden, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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Bhati A, Gunture G, Tripathi KM, Singh A, Sarkar S, Sonkar SK. Exploration of nano carbons in relevance to plant systems. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential applications of nano-carbons and biochar towards plant growth are highlighted and discussed in this perspective article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Bhati
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | - Gunture Gunture
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | | | - Anupriya Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
- Jaipur-302017
- India
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Lambreva MD, Lavecchia T, Tyystjärvi E, Antal TK, Orlanducci S, Margonelli A, Rea G. Potential of carbon nanotubes in algal biotechnology. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:451-71. [PMID: 26113435 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A critical mass of knowledge is emerging on the interactions between plant cells and engineered nanomaterials, revealing the potential of plant nanobiotechnology to promote and support novel solutions for the development of a competitive bioeconomy. This knowledge can foster the adoption of new methodological strategies to empower the large-scale production of biomass from commercially important microalgae. The present review focuses on the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance photosynthetic performance of microalgae by (i) widening the spectral region available for the energy conversion reactions and (ii) increasing the tolerance of microalgae towards unfavourable conditions occurring in mass production. To this end, current understanding on the mechanisms of uptake and localization of CNTs in plant cells is discussed. The available ecotoxicological data were used in an attempt to assess the feasibility of CNT-based applications in algal biotechnology, by critically correlating the experimental conditions with the observed adverse effects. Furthermore, main structural and physicochemical properties of single- and multi-walled CNTs and common approaches for the functionalization and characterization of CNTs in biological environment are presented. Here, we explore the potential that nanotechnology can offer to enhance functions of algae, paving the way for a more efficient use of photosynthetic algal systems in the sustainable production of energy, biomass and high-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dimova Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy,
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Saxena M, Maity S, Sarkar S. Carbon nanoparticles in ‘biochar’ boost wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant growth. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Husen A, Siddiqi KS. Carbon and fullerene nanomaterials in plant system. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:16. [PMID: 24766786 PMCID: PMC4014205 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the functionalized and non functionalized carbon nanomaterials influence fruit and crop production in edible plants and vegetables. The fullerene, C60 and carbon nanotubes have been shown to increase the water retaining capacity, biomass and fruit yield in plants up to ~118% which is a remarkable achievement of nanotechnology in recent years. The fullerene treated bitter melon seeds also increase the phytomedicine contents such as cucurbitacin-B (74%), lycopene (82%), charantin (20%) and insulin (91%). Since as little as 50 μg mL-1 of carbon nanotubes increase the tomato production by about 200%, they may be exploited to enhance the agriculture production in future. It has been observed that, in certain cases, non functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes are toxic to both plants and animals but the toxicity can be drastically reduced if they are functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azamal Husen
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P,O, Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Holmes B, Castro NJ, Li J, Keidar M, Zhang LG. Enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell functions in novel 3D cartilage scaffolds with hydrogen treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:365102. [PMID: 23959974 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/36/365102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is a nanostructured tissue which is notoriously hard to regenerate due to its extremely poor inherent regenerative capacity and complex stratified architecture. Current treatment methods are highly invasive and may have many complications. Thus, the goal of this work is to use nanomaterials and nano/microfabrication methods to create novel biologically inspired tissue engineered cartilage scaffolds to facilitate human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. To this end we utilized electrospinning to design and fabricate a series of novel 3D biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds based on hydrogen (H2) treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and biocompatible poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymers. Specifically, a series of electrospun fibrous PLLA scaffolds with controlled fiber dimension were fabricated in this study. In vitro MSC studies showed that stem cells prefer to attach in the scaffolds with smaller fiber diameter. More importantly, the MWCNT embedded scaffolds showed a drastic increase in mechanical strength and a compressive Young's modulus matching to natural cartilage. Furthermore, our MSC differentiation results demonstrated that incorporation of the H2 treated carbon nanotubes and poly-L-lysine coating can induce more chondrogenic differentiations of MSCs than controls. After two weeks of culture, PLLA scaffolds with H2 treated MWCNTs and poly-L-lysine can achieve the highest glycosaminoglycan synthesis, making them promising for further exploration for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Holmes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Serag MF, Kaji N, Habuchi S, Bianco A, Baba Y. Nanobiotechnology meets plant cell biology: carbon nanotubes as organelle targeting nanocarriers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22766e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Sonkar SK, Roy M, Babar DG, Sarkar S. Water soluble carbon nano-onions from wood wool as growth promoters for gram plants. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7670-7675. [PMID: 23099536 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbon nano-onions (wsCNOs) isolated from wood wool-a wood-based pyrolysis waste product of wood, can enhance the overall growth rate of gram (Cicer arietinum) plants. Treatment of plants with upto 30 μg mL(-1) of wsCNOs for an initial 10 day period in laboratory conditions led to an increase in the overall growth of the plant biomass. In order to examine the growth stimulating effects of wsCNOs under natural conditions, 10 day-old plants treated with and without wsCNOs were transplanted into soil of standard carbon and nitrogen composition. We observed an enhanced growth rate of the wsCNOs pre-treated plants in soil, which finally led to an increased productivity of plants in terms of a larger number of grams. On analyzing the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) content for the shoot and fruit sections of the plants treated with and without wsCNOs, only a minor difference in the composition was noticed. However, a slight increase in the percentage of carbon and hydrogen in shoots reflects the synthesis of more organic biomass in the case of treated plants. This work shows that wsCNOs are non-toxic to plant cells and can act as efficient growth stimulants which can be used as benign growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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Highly efficient uptake of ultrafine mesoporous silica nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility by Liriodendron hybrid suspension cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 56:82-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Serag MF, Braeckmans K, Habuchi S, Kaji N, Bianco A, Baba Y. Spatiotemporal visualization of subcellular dynamics of carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:6145-6151. [PMID: 23170917 DOI: 10.1021/nl3029625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is no consensus on the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their biological behavior; however, there is growing evidence that the versatile characteristics make their biological fate largely unpredictable and remain an issue of limited knowledge. Here we introduce an experimental methodology for tracking and visualization of postuptake behavior and the intracellular fate of CNTs based on the spatial distribution of diffusion values throughout the plant cell. By using raster scan image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), we were able to generate highly quantitative spatial maps of CNTs diffusion in different cell compartments. The spatial map of diffusion values revealed that the uptake of CNTs is associated with important subcellular events such as carrier-mediated vacuolar transport and autophagy. These results show that RICS is a useful methodology to elucidate the intracellular behavior mechanisms of carbon nanotubes and potentially other fluorescently labeled nanoparticles, which is of relevance for the important issues related to the environmental impact and health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged F Serag
- Chemical and Life Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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