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Yamaguchi R, Hosomi T, Otani M, Nagashima K, Takahashi T, Zhang G, Kanai M, Masai H, Terao J, Yanagida T. Maximizing Conversion of Surface Click Reactions for Versatile Molecular Modification on Metal Oxide Nanowires. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5172-5179. [PMID: 33890792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Click reactions (e.g., Huisgen cycloaddition) on metal oxide nanostructures offer a versatile and robust surface molecular modification for various applications because they form strong covalent bonds in a wide range of molecular substrates. This study reports a rational strategy to maximize the conversion rate of surface click reactions on single-crystalline ZnO nanowires by monitoring the reaction progress. p-Polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were employed to monitor the reaction progress of an azide-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on single-crystalline ZnO nanowires. Although various reaction parameters including the concentration of Cu(I) catalysts, triazolyl ligands, solvents, and target alkynes were systematically examined for the surface click reactions, 10-30% of terminal azide on the nanowire surface remained unreacted. Temperature-dependent FT-IR measurements revealed that such unreacted residual azides deteriorate the thermal stability of the nanowire molecular layer. To overcome this observed conversion limitation of click reactions on nanostructure surfaces, we considered the steric hindrance around the closely packed SAM reaction points, then experimented with dispersing the azide moiety into a methyl-terminated SAM. The mixed-SAM method significantly improved the azide conversion rate to almost 100%. This reaction method enables the construction of spatially patterned molecular surface modifications on metal oxide nanowire arrays without detrimental unreacted azide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimon Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaya Otani
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Ghosh D, Febriansyah B, Gupta D, Ng LKS, Xi S, Du Y, Baikie T, Dong Z, Soo HS. Hybrid Nanomaterials with Single-Site Catalysts by Spatially Controllable Immobilization of Nickel Complexes via Photoclick Chemistry for Alkene Epoxidation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5903-5912. [PMID: 29775278 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst deactivation is a persistent problem not only for the scientific community but also in industry. Isolated single-site heterogeneous catalysts have shown great promise to overcome these problems. Here, a versatile anchoring strategy for molecular complex immobilization on a broad range of semiconducting or insulating metal oxide ( e. g., titanium dioxide, mesoporous silica, cerium oxide, and tungsten oxide) nanoparticles to synthesize isolated single-site catalysts has been studied systematically. An oxidatively stable anchoring group, maleimide, is shown to form covalent linkages with surface hydroxyl functionalities of metal oxide nanoparticles by photoclick chemistry. The nanocomposites have been thoroughly characterized by techniques including UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The IR spectroscopic studies confirm the covalent linkages between the maleimide group and surface hydroxyl functionalities of the oxide nanoparticles. The hybrid nanomaterials function as highly efficient catalysts for essentially quantitative oxidations of terminal and internal alkenes and show molecular catalyst product selectivities even in more eco-friendly solvents. XAS studies verify the robustness of the catalysts after several catalytic cycles. We have applied the photoclick anchoring methodology to precisely control the deposition of a luminescent variant of our catalyst on the metal oxide nanoparticles. Overall, we demonstrate a general approach to use irradiation to anchor molecular complexes on oxide nanoparticles to create recyclable, hybrid, single-site catalysts that function with high selectivity in a broad range of solvents. We have achieved a facile, spatially and temporally controllable photoclick method that can potentially be extended to other ligands, catalysts, functional molecules, and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Ghosh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Benny Febriansyah
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Disha Gupta
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Leonard Kia-Sheun Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Research Techno Plaza , Singapore 637553 , Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences A*STAR , 1 Pesek Road , Singapore 627833 , Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences A*STAR , 1 Pesek Road , Singapore 627833 , Singapore
| | - Tom Baikie
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University , Research Techno Plaza , Singapore 637553 , Singapore
| | - ZhiLi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Solar Fuels Laboratory , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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Chen J, Wu XP, Shen L, Li Y, Wu D, Ding W, Gong XQ, Lin M, Peng L. Identification of different tin species in SnO2 nanosheets with 119Sn solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6322-56. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix B.V. Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Kovalente Oberflächenmodifikationen von Oxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | | | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi‐Arabien)
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Cao Y, Galoppini E, Reyes PI, Lu Y. Functionalization of nanostructured ZnO films by copper-free click reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7768-7775. [PMID: 23688020 DOI: 10.1021/la4006949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The copper-free click reaction was explored as a surface functionalization methodology for ZnO nanorod films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). 11-Azidodecanoic acid was bound to ZnO nanorod films through the carboxylic acid moiety, leaving the azide group available for Cu-free click reaction with alkynes. The azide-functionalized layer was reacted with 1-ethynylpyrene, a fluorescent probe, and with alkynated biotin, a small biomolecule. The immobilization of pyrene on the surface was probed by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the immobilization of biotin was confirmed by binding with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (streptavidin-FITC). The functionalized ZnO films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), steady-state fluorescence emission, fluorescence microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Gietter AAS, Pupillo RC, Yap GPA, Beebe TP, Rosenthal J, Watson DA. On-Surface Cross Coupling Methods for the Construction of Modified Electrode Assemblies with Tailored Morphologies. Chem Sci 2013; 4:437-443. [PMID: 25520772 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the molecular topology of electrode-catalyst interfaces is a critical factor in engineering devices with specific electron transport kinetics and catalytic efficiencies. As such, the development of rational methods for the modular construction of tailorable electrode surfaces with robust molecular wires (MWs) exhibiting well-defined molecular topologies, conductivities and morphologies is critical to the evolution and implementation of electrochemical arrays for sensing and catalysis. In response to this need, we have established modular on-surface Sonogashira and Glaser cross-coupling processes to synthetically install arrays of ferrocene-capped MWs onto electrochemically functionalized surfaces. These methods are of comparable convenience and efficiency to more commonly employed Huisgen methods. Furthermore, unlike the Huisgen reaction, this new surface functionalization chemistry generates modified electrodes that do not contain unwanted ancillary metal binding sites, while allowing the bridge between the ferrocenyl moiety and electrode surface to be synthetically tailored. Electrochemical and surface analytical characterization of these platforms demonstrate that the linker topology and connectivity influences the ferrocene redox potential and the kinetics of charge transport at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A S Gietter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
| | - Rachel C Pupillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
| | - Thomas P Beebe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716 USA
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Franking R, Kim H, Chambers SA, Mangham AN, Hamers RJ. Photochemical grafting of organic alkenes to single-crystal TiO2 surfaces: a mechanistic study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12085-12093. [PMID: 22746250 DOI: 10.1021/la302169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The UV-induced photochemical grafting of terminal alkenes has emerged as a versatile way to form molecular layers on semiconductor surfaces. Recent studies have shown that grafting reactions can be initiated by photoelectron emission into the reactant liquid as well as by excitation across the semiconductor band gap, but the relative importance of these two processes is expected to depend on the nature of the semiconductors, the reactant alkene and the excitation wavelength. Here we report a study of the wavelength-dependent photochemical grafting of alkenes onto single-crystal TiO(2) samples. Trifluoroacetamide-protected 10-aminododec-1-ene (TFAAD), 10-N-BOC-aminodec-1-ene (t-BOC), and 1-dodecene were used as model alkenes. On rutile (110), photons with energy above the band gap but below the expected work function are not effective at inducing grafting, while photons with energy sufficient to induce electronic transitions from the TiO(2) Fermi level to electronic acceptor states of the reactant molecules induce grafting. A comparison of rutile (110), rutile (001), anatase (001), and anatase (101) samples shows slightly enhanced grafting for rutile but no difference between crystal faces for a given crystal phase. Hydroxylation of the surface increases the reaction rate by lowering the work function and thereby facilitating photoelectron ejection into the adjacent alkene. These results demonstrate that photoelectron emission is the dominant mechanism responsible for grafting when using short-wavelength (~254 nm) light and suggest that photoemission events beginning on mid-gap states may play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Franking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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