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Jin L, Selopal GS, Tong X, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Heavy-Metal-Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402912. [PMID: 38923167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high-performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy-metal-free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar-to-chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure-property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning-based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, National Institute of Scientific Research, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Rd, Banting Building, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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2
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Ferreira RAS, Correia SFH, Georgieva P, Fu L, Antunes M, André PS. A comprehensive dataset of photonic features on spectral converters for energy harvesting. Sci Data 2024; 11:50. [PMID: 38191564 PMCID: PMC10774306 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaics is a promising strategy for solar technology, in which luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) stand out. Challenges include the development of materials for sunlight harvesting and conversion, which is an iterative optimization process with several steps: synthesis, processing, and structural and optical characterizations before considering the energy generation figures of merit that requires a prototype fabrication. Thus, simulation models provide a valuable, cost-effective, and time-efficient alternative to experimental implementations, enabling researchers to gain valuable insights for informed decisions. We conducted a literature review on LSCs over the past 47 years from the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection, including published research conducted by our research group, to gather the optical features and identify the material classes that contribute to the performance. The dataset can be further expanded systematically offering a valuable resource for decision-making tools for device design without extensive experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute A S Ferreira
- Department of Physics and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sandra F H Correia
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Petia Georgieva
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departament of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lianshe Fu
- Department of Physics and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Antunes
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departament of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo S André
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Hiemer J, Stöwe K. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Cd 1-x Zn x S and CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanoparticles by MicroJet Reactor Technology. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200232. [PMID: 36457175 PMCID: PMC9716036 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
From aqueous precursor solutions of metal salts and sodium sulfide using MicroJet Reactor (MJR) technology Cd1-x Znx S and CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanoparticles were synthesized. The MJR approach represents an automated, continuous, flexible and scalable route for nanoparticle synthesis, providing a tight control over process parameters and thus simple size, shape and composition control. Since particle sizes below the excitonic Bohr radius were obtained by MJR, the nanoparticulate materials exhibit quantum confinement effects. By varying the precursor ratio the band gap of Cd1-x Znx S Quantum Dots (QDs) could be targeted from 3.1 to 3.6 eV. CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs were prepared by enclosing CdS particles from MJR with ZnS produced by thermal decomposition of a Zn-MPA complex. Adjustment of the shell thickness increased the photoluminescence intensity by 43 %. Synthesis of ternary sulfides in the form of core/shell particles broadens the spectrum of materials accessible by MJR and demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hiemer
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesChemnitz University of TechnologyStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Klaus Stöwe
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesChemnitz University of TechnologyStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
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Vasin A, Kysil D, Rusavsky A, Isaieva O, Zaderko A, Nazarov A, Lysenko V. Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Carbon Nanodots Dispersed in Nanostructured Silicas. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3267. [PMID: 34947616 PMCID: PMC8706695 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent carbon nanoparticles are a relatively new class of luminescent materials that have attracted the increasing interest of chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers. The present review has a particular focus on the synthesis and luminescent properties of carbon nanoparticles dispersed inside nanostructured silica of different natures: oxidized porous silicon, amorphous thin films, nanopowders, and nanoporous sol-gel-derived ceramics. The correlations of processing conditions with emission/excitation spectral properties, relaxation kinetics, and photoluminescence photodegradation behaviors are analyzed. Following the evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) through the "from-bottom-to-up" synthesis procedure, the transformation of molecular-like ultraviolet emission of organic precursor into visible emission of carbon nanoparticles is demonstrated. At the end of the review, a novel method for the synthesis of luminescent and transparent composites, in form of nanoporous silica filled with luminescent carbon nanodots, is presented. A prototype of white light emitting devices, constructed on the basis of such luminophores and violet light emitting diodes, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Vasin
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
- Department of Applied Physics, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Kysil
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Andriy Rusavsky
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Oksana Isaieva
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
| | - Alexander Zaderko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Alexei Nazarov
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
- Department of General Physics and Solid State Physics, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Lysenko
- Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; (D.K.); (A.R.); (O.I.); (A.N.); (V.L.)
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6
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Petit RR, Li J, Van de Voorde B, Van Vlierberghe S, Smet PF, Detavernier C. Atomic Layer Deposition on Polymer Thin Films: On the Role of Precursor Infiltration and Reactivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46151-46163. [PMID: 34519479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic barriers grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can overcome the stability issues originating from the permeation of foreign species (water and oxygen) into polymer thin films. Alternatively, infiltration of ALD species into the bulk of the polymer can be used to modify its characteristic properties. In this study, the feasibility of growing an inorganic barrier with ALD on polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) thin films is evaluated. The nucleation and growth of the ALD layer, including the infiltration into the polymer thin film, are monitored in situ using spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for Al2O3-ALD with trimethylaluminum as the Al precursor and H2O as the reactant. The results show that the deposition temperature and the presence and location of functional groups in the polymer chain exert the strongest influence on the infiltration behavior and as such allow us to manipulate (i.e. to prevent or expedite) the infiltration into the polymer thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R Petit
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- SIM vzw, Technologiepark 48, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Babs Van de Voorde
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, PBM, CMaC, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, PBM, CMaC, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Philippe F Smet
- Department of Solid State Sciences, LumiLab, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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7
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Lesiak A, Banski M, Halicka K, Cabaj J, Żak A, Podhorodecki A. pH-dependent fluorescence of thiol-coated CdSe/CdS quantum dots in an aqueous phase. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:075705. [PMID: 33105119 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc4a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The results presented in this paper show how the optical properties and colloidal stability of quantum dots (QDs) vary depending on pH conditions. For this investigation, as-synthesized hydrophobic CdSe/CdS QDs were transferred to an aqueous medium by surface modification with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The ligand exchange procedure was applied under three different pH conditions: acidic, neutral and alkaline, to obtain three kinds of hydrophilic QDs dispersed in phosphate buffer. The efficiency of the functionalization of QDs was estimated based on the changes in ABS and the highest value was obtained under acidic conditions (45%). The efficiency of photoluminescence (PL) was also best preserved under these conditions, although it was 30 times less than the PL of hydrophobic QDs. Then, all three kinds of hydrophilic QDs were dispersed in solutions with a wide range of pH (2-12) and investigated by absorbance and PL measurements. The results show that QDs subjected to a ligand exchange procedure are characterized by intensive PL at the selected pH values, which correspond to pKa of the ligand. This phenomenon is independent of the pH at which the ligand exchange procedure is conducted. Moreover, it was found that the PL intensity is preserved during the experiment for QDs functionalized under neutral conditions, whereas it decreases for acidic and increases for alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lesiak
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Banski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Halicka
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Verduzco R. High‐performance hybrid luminescent‐scattering solar concentrators based on a luminescent conjugated polymer. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA
| | - Yujian Sun
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA
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9
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Long Z, Zhang W, Tian J, Chen G, Liu Y, Liu R. Recent research on the luminous mechanism, synthetic strategies, and applications of CuInS2 quantum dots. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the synthesis and luminescence mechanisms of CuInS2 QDs, the strategies to improve their luminous performance and their potential application in light-emitting devices, solar energy conversion, and the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Junhang Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Guantong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
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10
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Yang L, Antanovich A, Prudnikau A, Taniya OS, Grzhegorzhevskii KV, Zelenovskiy P, Terpinskaya T, Tang J, Artemyev M. Highly luminescent Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS core/gradient shell quantum dots prepared from indium sulfide by cation exchange for cell labeling and polymer composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:395603. [PMID: 31212270 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2aa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gradient core-shell Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) of small size and with highly efficient photoluminescence were synthesized via a multi-step high-temperature method involving cation exchange. The procedure starts with the preparation of indium sulfide nanoparticles followed by the addition of Cu and Zn precursors. At this stage, Zn replaces Cu atoms and as a result the concentration of Cu ions in the final QDs is only about 5% of the total In content in a QD. Zn incorporation and the formation of a gradient ZnS shell dramatically increases the photoluminescence quantum yield. Furthermore, the formation of the ZnS shell improves the chemical stability of Cu-In-S QDs, as demonstrated by the preparation of polystyrene-QD composites and labeling of glioma cells. This work provides an effective strategy for obtaining efficient and stable fluorophores free of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Yang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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11
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Onna D, Perez Ipiña I, Fernández Casafuz A, Mayoral Á, Ibarra García MR, Bilmes SA, Martínez Ricci ML. Diameter distribution by deconvolution (DdD): absorption spectra as a practical tool for semiconductor nanoparticle PSD determination. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3499-3505. [PMID: 36133566 PMCID: PMC9419589 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoparticles (SNPs) are excellent candidates for various applications in fields like solar cells, light emitting diodes or sensors. Their size strongly determines their properties, thus characterizing their size is crucial for applications. In most cases, they are included in complex matrices which make it difficult to determine their average diameter and statistical distribution. In this work, we present a non-destructive, cheap and in situ procedure to calculate particle size distributions (PSDs) of SNPs in different media based on deconvolution of the absorbance spectrum with a database of the absorbance spectra of SNPs with different sizes. The method was validated against the SNP sizes obtained from transmission microscopy images, showing excellent agreement between both distributions. In particular, CdS SNPs embedded in mesoporous thin films were analyzed in detail. Additional composite systems were studied in order to extend the method to SNPs in polymers or bacteria, proving that it applies to several SNPs in diverse matrices. The PSDs obtained from the proposed method do not show any statistical difference with the one derived from TEM images. Finally, a web app that implements the methodology of this work has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Onna
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martin Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA-Buenos Aires Argentina +5411-52858579
| | - Ignacio Perez Ipiña
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA-Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Agustina Fernández Casafuz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA-Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Álvaro Mayoral
- Center for High-resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - M Ricardo Ibarra García
- Aragon Nanoscience Institute (INA), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sara A Bilmes
- Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA-Buenos Aires Argentina +5411-52858579
| | - María Luz Martínez Ricci
- Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA-Buenos Aires Argentina +5411-52858579
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12
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You Y, Tong X, Wang W, Sun J, Yu P, Ji H, Niu X, Wang ZM. Eco-Friendly Colloidal Quantum Dot-Based Luminescent Solar Concentrators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801967. [PMID: 31065522 PMCID: PMC6498128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have attracted significant attention as promising solar energy conversion devices for building integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their simple architecture and cost-effective fabrication. Conventional LSCs are generally comprised of an optical waveguide slab with embedded emissive species and coupled PV cells. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been demonstrated as efficient emissive species for high-performance LSCs because of their outstanding optical properties including tunable absorption and emission spectra covering the ultraviolet/visible to near-infrared region, high photoluminescence quantum yield, large absorption cross sections, and considerable photostability. However, current commonly used QDs for high-performance LSCs consist of highly toxic heavy metals (i.e., cadmium and lead), which are fatal to human health and the environment. In this regard, it is highly desired that heavy metal-free and environmentally friendly QD-based LSCs are comprehensively studied. Here, notable advances and developments of LSCs based on unary, binary, and ternary eco-friendly QDs are presented. The synthetic approaches, optical properties of these eco-friendly QDs, and consequent device performance of QD-based LSCs are discussed in detail. A brief outlook pointing out the existing challenges and prospective developments of eco-friendly QD-based LSCs is provided, offering guidelines for future device optimizations and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin You
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Haining Ji
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- School of Materials and EnergyState Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Niu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- School of Materials and EnergyState Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
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13
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Leger JD, Friedfeld MR, Beck RA, Gaynor JD, Petrone A, Li X, Cossairt BM, Khalil M. Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1833-1839. [PMID: 30925052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton. The exciton induces an intensity change in the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode by 57% while generating no appreciable shift in frequency. Thus, the observed difference signal is attributed to an exciton-induced change in the dipole magnitude of the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode. Additionally, the transient IR data reveal that the infrared dipole change is dependent on the geometry of the ligand bound to the nanocluster. The experimental results are interpreted using TDDFT calculations, which identify how the spatial dependence of an exciton-induced electron density shift affects the vibrational motion of the carboxylate anchors. More broadly, this work demonstrates transient IR spectroscopy as a useful method for characterizing ligand-nanocluster coupling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Leger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Max R Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Ryan A Beck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - James D Gaynor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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14
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Review of Core/Shell Quantum Dots Technology Integrated into Building’s Glazing. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12061058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skylights and windows are building openings that enhance human comfort and well-being in various ways. Recently, a massive drive is witnessed to replace traditional openings with building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems to generate power in a bid to reduce buildings’ energy. The problem with most of the BIPV glazing lies in the obstruction of occupants’ vision of the outdoor view. In order to resolve this problem, new technology has emerged that utilizes quantum dots semiconductors (QDs) in glazing systems. QDs can absorb and re-emit the incoming radiation in the desired direction with the tunable spectrum, which renders them favorable for building integration. By redirecting the radiation towards edges of the glazing, they can be categorized as luminescent solar concentrators (QD-LSCs) that can help to generate electricity while maintaining transparency in the glazing. The aim of this paper is to review the different properties of core/shell quantum dots and their potential applications in buildings. Literature from various disciplines was reviewed to establish correlations between the optical and electrical properties of different types, sizes, thicknesses, and concentration ratios of QDs when used in transparent glazing. The current article will help building designers and system integrators assess the merits of integrating QDs on windows/skylights with regards to energy production and potential impact on admitted daylighting and visual comfort.
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15
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Bai X, Purcell-Milton F, Gun'ko YK. Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Potential Applications of Cu-Based Ternary or Quaternary Anisotropic Quantum Dots, Polytypic Nanocrystals, and Core/Shell Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010085. [PMID: 30634642 PMCID: PMC6359286 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summaries the optical properties, recent progress in synthesis, and a range of applications of luminescent Cu-based ternary or quaternary quantum dots (QDs). We first present the unique optical properties of the Cu-based multicomponent QDs, regarding their emission mechanism, high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs), size-dependent bandgap, composition-dependent bandgap, broad emission range, large Stokes’ shift, and long photoluminescent (PL) lifetimes. Huge progress has taken place in this area over the past years, via detailed experimenting and modelling, giving a much more complete understanding of these nanomaterials and enabling the means to control and therefore take full advantage of their important properties. We then fully explore the techniques to prepare the various types of Cu-based ternary or quaternary QDs (including anisotropic nanocrystals (NCs), polytypic NCs, and spherical, nanorod and tetrapod core/shell heterostructures) are introduced in subsequent sections. To date, various strategies have been employed to understand and control the QDs distinct and new morphologies, with the recent development of Cu-based nanorod and tetrapod structure synthesis highlighted. Next, we summarize a series of applications of these luminescent Cu-based anisotropic and core/shell heterostructures, covering luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), bioimaging and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Finally, we provide perspectives on the overall current status, challenges, and future directions in this field. The confluence of advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of these Cu-based QDs presents an important opportunity to a wide-range of fields and this piece gives the reader the knowledge to grasp these exciting developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Finn Purcell-Milton
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yuri K Gun'ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
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16
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Lim HC, Koo JJ, Kim JI, Lee JK, Kim ZH, Hong JI. A quantum dot-silica composite as an efficient spectral converter in a luminescent down-shifting layer of organic photovoltaic devices. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with a luminescent down-shifting layer was enhanced by 8.9% compared to pristine OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chul Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Ja-Jung Koo
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- QDBrick Co. Ltd #401, Backlim Bldg., 31-3
- Maeheon-ro
- Seocho-gu
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
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17
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Deep-red emitting zinc and aluminium co-doped copper indium sulfide quantum dots for luminescent solar concentrators. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:509-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Dong R, Luscombe CK. Review on the Role of Polymers in Luminescent Solar Concentrators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering Materials Center University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Richard Dong
- Interlake Senior High School Bellevue Washington 98008
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering Materials Center University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
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19
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Kaysir MR, Fleming S, Argyros A. Gain investigation of Perylene-Red-doped PMMA for stimulated luminescent solar concentrators. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:2459-2466. [PMID: 29714228 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) utilizing stimulated emission by a seed laser are a promising approach to overcome the limitations of conventional LSCs, with a significant reduction of the photovoltaic material. In our previous work, we demonstrated the principle of a stimulated LSC (s-LSC) and correspondingly developed a model for quantifying the output power of such a system, taking into account different important physical parameters. The model suggested Perylene Red (PR) dye as a potential candidate for s-LSCs. Here, we experimentally investigate the gain of PR-doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) required for s-LSCs using a single pump wavelength (instead of the solar spectrum) as a proof of principle. The results found from the experiment are well matched with the previously developed numerical model except for gain saturation, which occurs at a comparatively small seed laser signal power. To investigate the gain saturation, two approaches were taken: investigating (i) spectral hole burning and (ii) triplet state absorption. Experimental investigation of spectral hole burning with PR dyes showed a small effect on the gain saturation. We developed a general state model considering triplet state absorption of the PR dyes for the second approach. The state model suggests that the PR dyes suffer from significant triplet state absorption loss, which obstructs the normal operation of the PR-based s-LSC system.
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20
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Zhou Y, Zhao H, Ma D, Rosei F. Harnessing the properties of colloidal quantum dots in luminescent solar concentrators. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5866-5890. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress, challenges and perspectives of luminescent solar concentrators based on colloidal quantum dots via harnessing their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Research Centre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Physics & The Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Research Centre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Research Centre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
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21
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Photonic materials prepared through the entrapment of quantum dots into silica. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Yoon C, Kim HJ, Kim MH, Shin K, Kim YJ, Lee K. Fabrication of highly luminescent and concentrated quantum dot/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites by matrix-free methods. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:405203. [PMID: 28805648 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present matrix-free methods for fabricating highly luminescent and transparent CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD)/polymer nanocomposites utilizing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted QDs with various molecular weights. We found that the QD-PMMA nanocomposites prepared by these matrix-free methods were superior to those prepared by a simple blending method in relation to their optical property, QD dispersion, and quantum efficiency (QE). In particular, a matrix-free nanocomposite containing PMMA with a molecular weight of 2000 had the highest QE (52.8%) and transmittance of all the samples studied even at a very high QD concentration (49 wt%). This finding was attributed to the enhanced passivation of the QD surface due to the higher grafting density of the PMMA ligands and reduced energy transfer due to more uniform dispersion of QDs. Finally, we applied the nanocomposites to LED devices, and found that the matrix-free nanocomposite exhibited a higher color conversion efficiency and smaller redshift in the peak emission wavelength than that prepared using a simple blending method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolsang Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Purcell-Milton F, Visheratina AK, Kuznetsova VA, Ryan A, Orlova AO, Gun'ko YK. Impact of Shell Thickness on Photoluminescence and Optical Activity in Chiral CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9207-9214. [PMID: 28820937 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are of high scientific and technological importance as these nanomaterials have found a number of valuable applications. In this paper, we have investigated the dependence of optical activity and photoluminescence upon CdS shell thickness in a range of core-shell structured CdSe/CdS QDs capped with chiral ligands. For our study, five samples of CdSe/CdS were synthesized utilizing successive ion layer adsorption and reaction to vary the thickness of the CdS shell from 0.5 to 2 nm, upon a 2.8 nm diameter CdSe core. Following this, a ligand exchange of the original aliphatic ligands with l- and d-cysteine was carried out, inducing a chiroptical response in these nanostructures. The samples were then characterized using circular dichroism, photoluminescent spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy. It has been found that the induced chiroptical response was inversely proportional to the CdS shell thickness and showed a distinct evolution in signal, whereas the photoluminescence of our samples showed a direct relationship to shell thickness. In addition, a detailed study of the influence of annealing time on the optical activity and photoluminescence quantum yield was performed. From our work, we have been able to clearly illustrate the approach and strategies that must be used when designing optimal photoluminescent optically active CdSe/CdS core-shell QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Purcell-Milton
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin , Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Vera A Kuznetsova
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin , Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Aisling Ryan
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin , Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Yurii K Gun'ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, University of Dublin , Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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24
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Wenger WN, Bates FS, Aydil ES. Functionalization of Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots with Poly(ethylene glycol): Ligand Exchange, Surface Coverage, and Dispersion Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8239-8245. [PMID: 28768415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots synthesized using rapid mixing of precursors by injection into a hot solution of solvents and surfactants have surface ligands that sterically stabilize the dispersions in nonpolar solvents. Often, these ligands are exchanged to disperse the quantum dots in polar solvents, but quantitative studies of quantum dot surfaces before and after ligand exchange are scarce. We studied exchanging trioctylphosphine (TOP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) ligands on as-synthesized CdSe quantum dots dispersed in hexane with a 2000 g/mol thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer. Using infrared spectroscopy we quantify the absolute surface concentration of TOP/TOPO and PEG ligands per unit area before and after ligand exchange. While 50-85% of the TOP/TOPO ligands are removed upon ligand exchange, only a few are replaced with PEG. Surprisingly, the remaining TOP/TOPO ligands outnumber the PEG ligands, but these few PEG ligands are sufficient to disperse the quantum dots in polar solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and water. Moreover, as-synthesized quantum dots once easily dispersed in hexane are no longer dispersible in nonpolar solvents after ligand exchange. A subtle coverage-dependent balance between attractive PEG-solvent interactions and repulsive TOP/TOPO-solvent interactions determines the dispersion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Nowak Wenger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eray S Aydil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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McKenna B, Evans RC. Towards Efficient Spectral Converters through Materials Design for Luminescent Solar Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606491. [PMID: 28524245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-junction photovoltaic devices exhibit a bottleneck in their efficiency due to incomplete or inefficient harvesting of photons in the low- or high-energy regions of the solar spectrum. Spectral converters can be used to convert solar photons into energies that are more effectively captured by the photovoltaic device through a photoluminescence process. Here, recent advances in the fields of luminescent solar concentration, luminescent downshifting, and upconversion are discussed. The focus is specifically on the role that materials science has to play in overcoming barriers in the optical performance in all spectral converters and on their successful integration with both established (e.g., c-Si, GaAs) and emerging (perovskite, organic, dye-sensitized) cell types. Current challenges and emerging research directions, which need to be addressed for the development of next-generation luminescent solar devices, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry McKenna
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel C Evans
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K
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26
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Pietryga JM, Park YS, Lim J, Fidler AF, Bae WK, Brovelli S, Klimov VI. Spectroscopic and Device Aspects of Nanocrystal Quantum Dots. Chem Rev 2017; 116:10513-622. [PMID: 27677521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) is already more than 30 years old, and yet continuing interest in these structures is driven by both the fascinating physics emerging from strong quantum confinement of electronic excitations, as well as a large number of prospective applications that could benefit from the tunable properties and amenability toward solution-based processing of these materials. The focus of this review is on recent advances in nanocrystal research related to applications of QD materials in lasing, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and solar energy conversion. A specific underlying theme is innovative concepts for tuning the properties of QDs beyond what is possible via traditional size manipulation, particularly through heterostructuring. Examples of such advanced control of nanocrystal functionalities include the following: interface engineering for suppressing Auger recombination in the context of QD LEDs and lasers; Stokes-shift engineering for applications in large-area luminescent solar concentrators; and control of intraband relaxation for enhanced carrier multiplication in advanced QD photovoltaics. We examine the considerable recent progress on these multiple fronts of nanocrystal research, which has resulted in the first commercialized QD technologies. These successes explain the continuing appeal of this field to a broad community of scientists and engineers, which in turn ensures even more exciting results to come from future exploration of this fascinating class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Pietryga
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew F Fidler
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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27
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Waldron DL, Preske A, Zawodny JM, Krauss TD, Gupta MC. PbSe quantum dot based luminescent solar concentrators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:095205. [PMID: 28060769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The results are presented for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) fabricated with poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (P(LMA-co-EGDMA)) and Angstrom Bond, Inc. AB9093 acrylic epoxy matrix, high quantum yield (> 70%) PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and silicon photovoltaic (Si PV) cells. LSCs were tested under a lamp with broadband illumination, photon flux-matched to a standard solar spectrum and verified under a calibrated solar lamp source. The P(LMA-co-EGDMA) sample demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency of any known LSC fabricated with either QDs or Si PV cells, 4.74%. Additionally, increased temperature was shown to reduce efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L Waldron
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States of America
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28
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Waldron DL, Burke R, Preske A, Krauss TD, Zawodny JM, Gupta MC. Temperature-dependent optical properties of lead selenide quantum dot polymer nanocomposites. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:1982-1989. [PMID: 28248399 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of PbSe quantum dots (QDs) in AB9093 epoxy nanocomposite are examined with respect to temperature over a range of 0°C-80°C, a useful working range for many QD-based sensors and devices, and results are compared to QDs in toluene solution. A complete characterization of QD optical properties is provided as a function of temperature, including the absorption spectrum, first excitonic (1-s) absorption peak intensity and wavelength, fluorescence intensity, and peak wavelength. QD optical properties in toluene were found to be more sensitive to temperature as compared to those in AB9093. Interestingly, 1-s and fluorescence peak wavelength variation with temperature are reversed in AB9093 as compared to those in toluene solution. Results for the fluorescence properties of Lumogen F Red 305 dye in toluene are presented for comparison. The dye was found to have similar sensitivity to temperature to that of the QDs in terms of fluorescence peak wavelength shift, but the fluorescence peak intensity was far less variant. These results can be used to build a temperature sensor or as a guide to building other types of QD-based devices to be more robust against changes in ambient temperature.
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29
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Chowdhury FI, Dick C, Meng L, Mahpeykar SM, Ahvazi B, Wang X. Cellulose nanocrystals as host matrix and waveguide materials for recyclable luminescent solar concentrators. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of an ecofriendly and recyclable CNC material as the host matrix for luminescent solar concentrator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carson Dick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Lingju Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Seyed Milad Mahpeykar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Behzad Ahvazi
- Biomass Processing & Conversion-BioResources
- Alberta Innovates Technology Future
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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30
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Rossinelli AA, Riedinger A, Marqués-Gallego P, Knüsel PN, Antolinez FV, Norris DJ. High-temperature growth of thick-shell CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoplatelets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9938-9941. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple high-temperature protocol to add uniform CdS shells to CdSe nanoplatelets, yielding improved fluorescence efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio A. Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Andreas Riedinger
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Philippe N. Knüsel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Felipe V. Antolinez
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - David J. Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
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31
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Kaysir MR, Fleming S, Argyros A. Modeling of stimulated emission based luminescent solar concentrators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A1546-A1559. [PMID: 28059284 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.0a1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency improvement of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) necessary for practical realization is currently hindered by one major loss mechanism: reabsorption of emitted photons by the luminophores. Recently, we explored a promising technique for reducing reabsorption and also improving directional emission in LSCs utilizing stimulated emission, rather than only spontaneous emission, with an inexpensive seed laser. In this work, a model is developed to quantify the gain (i.e. the amount of amplification of a low power seed laser propagating through the solar-pumped concentrator) of stimulated-LSCs (s-LSCs) considering the effects of different important physical parameters. The net optical output power, available for a small PV cell, from the concentrator can also be determined from the model, which indicates the performance of s-LSCs. Finally, the performance of different existing material systems is investigated using literature values of the parameters required for the model, and a set of optimal parameters is suggested for practical realization of such a device.
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32
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Doskaliuk N, Khalavka Y, Fochuk P. Influence of the Shell Thickness and Ratio Between Core Elements on Photostability of the CdTe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Embedded in a Polymer Matrix. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:216. [PMID: 27102905 PMCID: PMC4840158 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a study of photooxidation and photomodification processes of the CdTe/CdS quantum dots embedded in a polymer matrix under ambient condition. During the first few minutes of irradiation, the quasi-inverse increase in photoluminescence intensity has been observed indicating the passivation of the nanocrystal surface traps by water molecules. A prolonged irradiation of the polymer film containing CdTe/CdS quantum dots leads to a significant decrease in the photoluminescence intensity together with the "blue shift" of the photoluminescence peak energy associated with quantum dot photooxidation. The mechanisms of the CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dot photooxidation and photomodification in a polymer matrix are discussed. We have found a correlation between the photostability of the quantum dots and the CdS shell thickness as well as the ratio of core elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Doskaliuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry of Solid State and Nanomaterials, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsiubynskyi St, 2, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Khalavka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry of Solid State and Nanomaterials, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsiubynskyi St, 2, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine.
| | - Petro Fochuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry of Solid State and Nanomaterials, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsiubynskyi St, 2, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
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33
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Jeong BG, Park YS, Chang JH, Cho I, Kim JK, Kim H, Char K, Cho J, Klimov VI, Park P, Lee DC, Bae WK. Colloidal Spherical Quantum Wells with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Suppressed Blinking. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9297-9305. [PMID: 27690386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thick inorganic shells endow colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with enhanced photochemical stability and suppression of photoluminescence intermittency (also known as blinking). However, the progress of using thick-shell heterostructure NCs in applications has been limited due to the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY ≤ 60%) at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate thick-shell NCs with CdS/CdSe/CdS seed/spherical quantum well/shell (SQW) geometry that exhibit near-unity PL QY at room temperature and suppression of blinking. In SQW NCs, the lattice mismatch is diminished between the emissive CdSe layer and the surrounding CdS layers as a result of coherent strain, which suppresses the formation of misfit defects and consequently permits ∼100% PL QY for SQW NCs with a thick CdS shell (≥5 nm). High PL QY of thick-shell SQW NCs is preserved even in concentrated dispersion and in film under thermal stress, which makes them promising candidates for applications in solid-state lightings and luminescent solar concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Guk Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jun Hyuk Chang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Kyeong Kim
- Photoelectronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 14-gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Photoelectronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 14-gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Philip Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Photoelectronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 14-gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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34
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Effect of Conditions for Formation of Nanocomposite Films of Poly (Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) – CdTe/CdS Nanocrystals on Their Structure and Optical Density. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-016-9454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Lee DU, Kim DH, Choi DH, Kim SW, Lee HS, Yoo KH, Kim TW. Microstructural and optical properties of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A350-A357. [PMID: 26832587 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by using a solution process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and energy dispersive spectroscopy profiles confirmed that stoichiometric CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs were formed. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs showed the dominant excitonic transitions from the ground electronic subband to the ground hole subband (1S(e)-1S(3/2)(h)). The PL mechanism is suggested; the carriers generated by the exciting high-energy photons in the shell region are relaxed to the band-edge states of the core region and recombined to emit lower-energy photons. The activation energy of the carriers confined in the CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs, as obtained from temperature-dependent PL spectra, was 200 meV. The quantum efficiency of the CdSe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell QDs at 300 K was estimated to be approximately 57%.
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36
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Minei P, Fanizza E, Rodríguez AM, Muñoz-García AB, Cimino P, Pavone M, Pucci A. Cost-effective solar concentrators based on red fluorescent Zn(ii)–salicylaldiminato complex. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A red light and concentrated zinc complex embedded in PMMA yields a cost-effective and efficient luminescent solar concentrator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari
- 70126 Bari
- Italy
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici
| | - Antonio M. Rodríguez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Via Cintia 21
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Ana B. Muñoz-García
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Via Cintia 21
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Paola Cimino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Salerno
- I-84084 Salerno
- Italy
| | - Michele Pavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Via Cintia 21
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- 56124 Pisa
- Italy
- INSTM
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37
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Grim JQ, Manna L, Moreels I. A sustainable future for photonic colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5897-914. [PMID: 26084788 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals - produced in a growing variety of shapes, sizes and compositions - are rapidly developing into a new generation of photonic materials, spanning light emitting as well as energy harvesting applications. Precise tailoring of their optoelectronic properties enables them to satisfy disparate application-specific requirements. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead in some of the most mature nanocrystals is a serious drawback which may ultimately preclude their use in consumer applications. Although the pursuit of non-toxic alternatives has occurred in parallel to the well-developed Cd- and Pb-based nanocrystals, synthetic challenges have, until recently, curbed progress. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of heavy-metal-free nanocrystals within the context of specific photonic applications. We also describe strategies to transfer some of the advantageous nanocrystal features such as shape control to non-toxic materials. Finally, we present recent developments that have the potential to make substantial impacts on the quest to attain a balance between performance and sustainability in photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Q Grim
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy.
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38
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Meinardi F, McDaniel H, Carulli F, Colombo A, Velizhanin KA, Makarov NS, Simonutti R, Klimov VI, Brovelli S. Highly efficient large-area colourless luminescent solar concentrators using heavy-metal-free colloidal quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:878-85. [PMID: 26301902 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators serving as semitransparent photovoltaic windows could become an important element in net zero energy consumption buildings of the future. Colloidal quantum dots are promising materials for luminescent solar concentrators as they can be engineered to provide the large Stokes shift necessary for suppressing reabsorption losses in large-area devices. Existing Stokes-shift-engineered quantum dots allow for only partial coverage of the solar spectrum, which limits their light-harvesting ability and leads to colouring of the luminescent solar concentrators, complicating their use in architecture. Here, we use quantum dots of ternary I-III-VI2 semiconductors to realize the first large-area quantum dot-luminescent solar concentrators free of toxic elements, with reduced reabsorption and extended coverage of the solar spectrum. By incorporating CuInSexS2-x quantum dots into photo-polymerized poly(lauryl methacrylate), we obtain freestanding, colourless slabs that introduce no distortion to perceived colours and are thus well suited for the realization of photovoltaic windows. Thanks to the suppressed reabsorption and high emission efficiencies of the quantum dots, we achieve an optical power efficiency of 3.2%. Ultrafast spectroscopy studies suggest that the Stokes-shifted emission involves a conduction-band electron and a hole residing in an intragap state associated with a native defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano I-20125, Italy
| | - Hunter McDaniel
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- UbiQD, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Francesco Carulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano I-20125, Italy
| | - Annalisa Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano I-20125, Italy
| | - Kirill A Velizhanin
- Theoretical Division &Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Nikolay S Makarov
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano I-20125, Italy
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano I-20125, Italy
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39
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Mattiello S, Sanzone A, Brazzo P, Sassi M, Beverina L. First Demonstration of the Applicability of the Latent Pigment Approach to Plastic Luminescent Solar Concentrators. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Hu X, Kang R, Zhang Y, Deng L, Zhong H, Zou B, Shi LJ. Ray-trace simulation of CuInS(Se)₂ quantum dot based luminescent solar concentrators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:A858-67. [PMID: 26367686 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.00a858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the performance of luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), there is an increased need to search novel emissive materials with broad absorption and large Stokes shifts. I-III-VI colloidal CuInS2 and CuInSe2 based nanocrystals, which exhibit strong photoluminescence emissions in the visible to near infrared region with large Stokes shifts, are expected to improve performance in luminescent solar concentrator applications. In this work, the performance of CuInS(Se)2 quantum dots in simple planar LSC is evaluated by applying Monte-Carlo ray-trace simulation. A systematic parameters study was conducted to optimize the performance. An optimized photon concentration ratio of 0.34 for CuInS2 nanocrystals and 1.25 for CuInSe2 nanocrystals doping LSC are obtained from the simulation. The results demonstrated that CuInSe2 based nanocrystals are particularly interesting for luminescent solar concentrator applications, especially to combine with low price Si solar cells.
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41
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Knowles KE, Kilburn TB, Alzate DG, McDowall S, Gamelin DR. Bright CuInS2/CdS nanocrystal phosphors for high-gain full-spectrum luminescent solar concentrators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9129-32. [PMID: 25939668 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of colloidal CuInS2/CdS nanocrystals as phosphors for full-spectrum luminescent solar concentrators has been examined. Their combination of large solar absorption, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and only moderate reabsorption produces the highest projected flux gains of any nanocrystal luminophore to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA.
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42
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Waldron DL, Preske A, Zawodny JM, Krauss TD, Gupta MC. Lead selenide quantum dot polymer nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:075705. [PMID: 25629463 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of PbSe quantum dots (QDs) in an Angstrom Bond AB9093 epoxy polymer matrix to form a nanocomposite were investigated. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported use of AB9093 as a QD matrix material and it was shown to out-perform the more common poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix in terms of preserving the optical properties of the QD, resulting in the first reported quantum yield (QY) for PbSe QDs in a polymer matrix, 26%. The 1-s first excitonic absorption peak of the QDs in a polymer matrix red shifted 65 nm in wavelength compared to QDs in a hexane solution, while the emission peak in the polymer matrix red shifted by 38 nm. The fluorescence QY dropped from 55% in hexane to 26% in the polymer matrix. A time resolved fluorescence study of the QDs showed single exponential lifetimes of 2.34 and 1.34 μs in toluene solution and the polymer matrix respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L Waldron
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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43
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Bradshaw LR, Knowles KE, McDowall S, Gamelin DR. Nanocrystals for luminescent solar concentrators. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1315-23. [PMID: 25585039 DOI: 10.1021/nl504510t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) harvest sunlight over large areas and concentrate this energy onto photovoltaics or for other uses by transporting photons through macroscopic waveguides. Although attractive for lowering solar energy costs, LSCs remain severely limited by luminophore reabsorption losses. Here, we report a quantitative comparison of four types of nanocrystal (NC) phosphors recently proposed to minimize reabsorption in large-scale LSCs: two nanocrystal heterostructures and two doped nanocrystals. Experimental and numerical analyses both show that even the small core absorption of the leading NC heterostructures causes major reabsorption losses at relatively short transport lengths. Doped NCs outperform the heterostructures substantially in this critical property. A new LSC phosphor is introduced, nanocrystalline Cd(1-x)Cu(x)Se, that outperforms all other leading NCs by a significant margin in both small- and large-scale LSCs under full-spectrum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Bradshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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44
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Pan Y, Sohel MA, Pan L, Wei Z, Bai H, Tamargo MC, John R. Synthesis of Air-stable PbSe Quantum Dots Using PbCl2-oleylamine System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Coropceanu I, Bawendi MG. Core/shell quantum dot based luminescent solar concentrators with reduced reabsorption and enhanced efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4097-101. [PMID: 24902615 DOI: 10.1021/nl501627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) have been optimized toward luminescent solar concentration (LSC) applications. Systematically increasing the shell thickness continuously reduced reabsorption up to a factor of 45 for the thickest QDs studied (with ca. 14 monolayers of CdS) compared to the initial CdSe cores. Moreover, an improved synthetic method was developed that retains a high-fluorescence quantum yield, even for particles with the thickest shell volume, for which a quantum yield of 86% was measured in solution. These high quantum yield thick shell quantum dots were embedded in a polymer matrix, yielding highly transparent composites to serve as prototype LSCs, which exhibited an optical efficiency as high as 48%. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed to model LSC performance and to identify the major loss channels for LSCs incorporating the materials developed. The results of the simulation are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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46
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Granchak VM, Sakhno TV, Kuchmy SY. Light-Emitting Materials – Active Components of Luminescent Solar Concentrators. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-014-9342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Erickson CS, Bradshaw LR, McDowall S, Gilbertson JD, Gamelin DR, Patrick DL. Zero-reabsorption doped-nanocrystal luminescent solar concentrators. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3461-7. [PMID: 24621014 DOI: 10.1021/nn406360w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical concentration can lower the cost of solar energy conversion by reducing photovoltaic cell area and increasing photovoltaic efficiency. Luminescent solar concentrators offer an attractive approach to combined spectral and spatial concentration of both specular and diffuse light without tracking, but they have been plagued by luminophore self-absorption losses when employed on practical size scales. Here, we introduce doped semiconductor nanocrystals as a new class of phosphors for use in luminescent solar concentrators. In proof-of-concept experiments, visibly transparent, ultraviolet-selective luminescent solar concentrators have been prepared using colloidal Mn(2+)-doped ZnSe nanocrystals that show no luminescence reabsorption. Optical quantum efficiencies of 37% are measured, yielding a maximum projected energy concentration of ∼6× and flux gain for a-Si photovoltaics of 15.6 in the large-area limit, for the first time bounded not by luminophore self-absorption but by the transparency of the waveguide itself. Future directions in the use of colloidal doped nanocrystals as robust, processable spectrum-shifting phosphors for luminescent solar concentration on the large scales required for practical application of this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University , 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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48
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Banal JL, White JM, Ghiggino KP, Wong WWH. Concentrating aggregation-induced fluorescence in planar waveguides: a proof-of-principle. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4635. [PMID: 24844675 PMCID: PMC4027885 DOI: 10.1038/srep04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes are key determinants in the performance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). First-generation dyes--coumarin, perylenes, and rhodamines--used in LSCs suffer from both concentration quenching in the solid-state and small Stokes shifts which limit the current LSC efficiencies to below theoretical limits. Here we show that fluorophores that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are promising materials for LSC applications. Experiments and Monte Carlo simulations show that the optical quantum efficiencies of LSCs with AIE fluorophores are at least comparable to those of LSCs with first-generation dyes as the active materials even without the use of any optical accessories to enhance the trapping efficiency of the LSCs. Our results demonstrate that AIE fluorophores can potentially solve some key limiting properties of first-generation LSC dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Banal
- Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 , Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 , Australia
| | - Kenneth P. Ghiggino
- Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 , Australia
| | - Wallace W. H. Wong
- Bio21 Institute, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 , Australia
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49
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Collins S, O'Brien DC, Watt A. High gain, wide field of view concentrator for optical communications. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1756-1759. [PMID: 24686597 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of view and gain of optical concentrators used within free space optical communications systems are constrained by conservation of etendue. In this Letter, consideration of the processes in a fluorescent concentrator leads to a simple design strategy for these concentrators for this application. Significantly, because fluorescent concentrators do not conserve etendue, this can lead to concentrators with wider fields of view and higher gains. A model of a fluorescent concentrator containing a quantum dot material suggests that it could have a gain 50 times higher than an etendue conserving concentrator with the same field of view.
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50
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Joicy S, Saravanan R, Prabhu D, Ponpandian N, Thangadurai P. Mn2+ ion influenced optical and photocatalytic behaviour of Mn–ZnS quantum dots prepared by a microwave assisted technique. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(a) Photon absorption and exciton formation, (b) interstitial sulfur emission, (c) interstitial zinc emission, (d) blue emission, (e) electron trapping by Mn ions' d state, (f) orange light emission and (g) orange emission quenching by electrons trapped by the neighbouring Mn2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Joicy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry-605 014, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Physics Research Centre
- Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering
- Chennai 601 301, India
| | - D. Prabhu
- Centre for Fuel Cell Technology and Centre for Automotive Energy Materials IIT M Research Park
- Chennai-600 113, India
| | - N. Ponpandian
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - P. Thangadurai
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry-605 014, India
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