1
|
Smith PT, Ye Z, Pietryga J, Huang J, Wahl CB, Hedlund Orbeck JK, Mirkin CA. Molecular Thin Films Enable the Synthesis and Screening of Nanoparticle Megalibraries Containing Millions of Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311072 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Megalibraries are centimeter-scale chips containing millions of materials synthesized in parallel using scanning probe lithography. As such, they stand to accelerate how materials are discovered for applications spanning catalysis, optics, and more. However, a long-standing challenge is the availability of substrates compatible with megalibrary synthesis, which limits the structural and functional design space that can be explored. To address this challenge, thermally removable polystyrene films were developed as universal substrate coatings that decouple lithography-enabled nanoparticle synthesis from the underlying substrate chemistry, thus providing consistent lithography parameters on diverse substrates. Multi-spray inking of the scanning probe arrays with polymer solutions containing metal salts allows patterning of >56 million nanoreactors designed to vary in composition and size. These are subsequently converted to inorganic nanoparticles via reductive thermal annealing, which also removes the polystyrene to deposit the megalibrary. Megalibraries with mono-, bi-, and trimetallic materials were synthesized, and nanoparticle size was controlled between 5 and 35 nm by modulating the lithography speed. Importantly, the polystyrene coating can be used on conventional substrates like Si/SiOx, as well as substrates typically more difficult to pattern on, such as glassy carbon, diamond, TiO2, BN, W, or SiC. Finally, high-throughput materials discovery is performed in the context of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using Au-Pd-Cu nanoparticle megalibraries on TiO2 substrates with 2,250,000 unique composition/size combinations. The megalibrary was screened within 1 h by developing fluorescent thin-film coatings on top of the megalibrary as proxies for catalytic turnover, revealing Au0.53Pd0.38Cu0.09-TiO2 as the most active photocatalyst composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob Pietryga
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Carolin B Wahl
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jenny K Hedlund Orbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JH, Song Z, Bong JH, Kim HR, Kim MJ, Choi KH, Shin SS, Kang MJ, Lee DY, Pyun JC. Electrochemical One-Step Immunoassay Based on Switching Peptides and Pyrolyzed Carbon Electrodes. ACS Sens 2022; 7:215-224. [PMID: 34984905 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Switching peptides were designed to bind reversibly to the binding pocket of antibodies (IgG) by interacting with frame regions (FRs). These peptides can be quantitatively released when antigens bind to IgG. As FRs have conserved amino acid sequences, switching peptides can be used as antibodies for different antigens and different source animals. In this study, an electrochemical one-step immunoassay was conducted using switching peptides labeled with ferrocene for the quantitative measurement of analytes. For the effective amperometry of the switching peptides labeled with ferrocene, a pyrolyzed carbon electrode was prepared by pyrolysis of the parylene-C film. The feasibility of the pyrolyzed carbon electrode for the electrochemical one-step immunoassay was determined by analyzing its electrochemical properties, such as its low double-layer capacitance (Cdl), high electron transfer rate (kapp), and wide electrochemical window. In addition, the factors influencing the amperometry of switching peptides labeled with ferrocene were analyzed according to the hydrodynamic radius, the number of intrahydrogen bonds, dipole moments, and diffusion coefficients. Finally, the applicability of the electrochemical one-step immunoassay for the medical diagnosis of the human hepatitis B surface antigen (hHBsAg) was assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiquan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hak Choi
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Shick Shin
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Zhu S, Luque R, Han S, Hu L, Xu G. Recent development of carbon electrode materials and their bioanalytical and environmental applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:715-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic approaches, materials, properties, electroanalytical applications and perspectives of carbon materials are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Rafael Luque
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuang Han
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Javid A, Kumar M, Han JG. Nanoscale surface conductivity analysis of plasma sputtered carbon thin films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the phenomenon of nanoscale surface conductivity variation in various plasma conditions of sputtering induced carbon thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjed Javid
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano-Materials (IPNM)
- Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
| | - Manish Kumar
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano-Materials (IPNM)
- Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
| | - Jeon Geon Han
- Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology (CAPST)
- NU-SKKU Joint Institute for Plasma Nano-Materials (IPNM)
- Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jones K, Jensen BD, Bowden A. Fabrication and Testing of Planar Stent Mesh Designs Using Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotubes. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores and demonstrates the potential of using pyrolytic carbon as a material for coronary stents. Stents are commonly fabricated from metal, which has worse biocompatibilty than many polymers and ceramics. Pyrolytic carbon, a ceramic, is currently used in medical implant devices due to its preferable biocompatibility properties. Micropatterned pyrolytic carbon implants can be created by growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and then filling the space between with amorphous carbon via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We prepared multiple samples of two different stent-like flexible mesh designs and smaller cubic structures out of carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes (CI-CNT). Tension loads were applied to expand the mesh samples and we recorded the forces at brittle failure. The cubic structures were used for separate compression tests. These data were then used in conjunction with a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of the stent geometry to determine Young's modulus and maximum fracture strain in tension and compression for each sample. Additionally, images were recorded of the mesh samples before, during, and at failure. These images were used to measure an overall percent elongation for each sample. The highest fracture strain observed was 1.4% and Young's modulus values confirmed that the material was similar to that used in previous carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotube work. The average percent elongation was 86% with a maximum of 145%. This exceeds a typical target of 66%. The material properties found from compression testing show less stiffness than the mesh samples; however, specimen evaluation reveals poorly infiltrated samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anton Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| |
Collapse
|