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Prestopino G, Orsini A, Barettin D, Arrabito G, Pignataro B, Medaglia PG. Vertically Aligned Nanowires and Quantum Dots: Promises and Results in Light Energy Harvesting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4297. [PMID: 37374481 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of crystals with a high surface-to-volume ratio is essential for innovative, high-performance electronic devices and sensors. The easiest way to achieve this in integrated devices with electronic circuits is through the synthesis of high-aspect-ratio nanowires aligned vertically to the substrate surface. Such surface structuring is widely employed for the fabrication of photoanodes for solar cells, either combined with semiconducting quantum dots or metal halide perovskites. In this review, we focus on wet chemistry recipes for the growth of vertically aligned nanowires and technologies for their surface functionalization with quantum dots, highlighting the procedures that yield the best results in photoconversion efficiencies on rigid and flexible substrates. We also discuss the effectiveness of their implementation. Among the three main materials used for the fabrication of nanowire-quantum dot solar cells, ZnO is the most promising, particularly due to its piezo-phototronic effects. Techniques for functionalizing the surfaces of nanowires with quantum dots still need to be refined to be effective in covering the surface and practical to implement. The best results have been obtained from slow multi-step local drop casting. It is promising that good efficiencies have been achieved with both environmentally toxic lead-containing quantum dots and environmentally friendly zinc selenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsini
- Università degli Studi "Niccolò Cusano", ATHENA European University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Barettin
- Università degli Studi "Niccolò Cusano", ATHENA European University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Gianni Medaglia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Mamtmin G, Nizamidin P, Abula R, Yimit A. Composite Optical Waveguide Sensor Based on porphyrin@ZnO Film for Sulfide-Gas Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Shanmugam P, Pushparaj K, Sundaramurthy A, Sivalingam Y. Investigation of UV light enhanced gas adsorption properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles by Scanning Kelvin Probe system. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Paulraj V, Yasui S, Bharathi KK. Excellent electrochemical properties, Li ion dynamics and room temperature work function of Li 2MnO 3cathode thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:385406. [PMID: 34126601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0b1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on excellent electrochemical properties, Li ion diffusion coefficient and work function of Li2MnO3thin films fabricated by RF sputtering technique. The x-ray diffraction study confirms the formation of Li2MnO3thin film in layered structure. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study confirms the existence of Li and Mn ions and their appropriate oxidation states in Li2MnO3thin film. Work function of the Li2MnO3thin film has been measured using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and is found to be 5.51 eV. Electrochemical studies show that the Li2MnO3thin film exhibits oxidation and reduction peaks at 2.98 V and 2.81 V respectively with the discharging capacity of 10μAh cm-2in the first cycle and 9μAh cm-2in the 100th cycle at aCrate of 25μA cm-2. Electrochemical stability of Li2MnO3thin film is probed by measuring the charge discharge profile with high sweep rate of 500 mV s-1. Li ion diffusion coefficient value is seen to 1.6 × 10-14cm2s-1and 2.56 × 10-14cm2s-1before and after the cycling respectively. Electrochemical studies indicate that Li2MnO3thin films can be utilized as a promising cathode layer in all-solid thin film battery fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Paulraj
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Shintaro Yasui
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama226-8503, Japan
| | - K Kamala Bharathi
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
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Paulraj V, Vediappan K, Bharathi KK. Phase-surface enabled electrochemical properties and room temperature work function of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode thin films. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Di Natale C. Roberto Paolesse and the sensors group at the university of Rome Tor Vergata: (“ the world will always welcome ‘ chemists, ’ as time goes by…” ). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma; Italy
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Magna G, Catini A, Kumar R, Palmacci M, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, di Natale C. Conductive Photo-Activated Porphyrin-ZnO Nanostructured Gas Sensor Array. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040747. [PMID: 28368294 PMCID: PMC5421707 DOI: 10.3390/s17040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistors working at room temperature are attractive for low-consumption integrated sensors. Previous studies show that this feature can be obtained with photoconductive porphyrins-coated ZnO nanostructures. Furthermore, variations of the porphyrin molecular structure alter both the chemical sensitivity and the photoconductivity, and can be used to define the sensor characteristics. Based on these assumptions, we investigated the properties of an array of four sensors made of a layer of ZnO nanoparticles coated with porphyrins with the same molecular framework but different metal atoms. The array was tested with five volatile organic compounds (VOCs), each measured at different concentrations. Results confirm that the features of individual porphyrins influence the sensor behavior, and the differences among sensors are enough to enable the discrimination of volatile compounds disregarding their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magna
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alexandro Catini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Massimo Palmacci
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Corrado di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Paolesse R, Nardis S, Monti D, Stefanelli M, Di Natale C. Porphyrinoids for Chemical Sensor Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2517-2583. [PMID: 28222604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been intensively exploited as sensing materials in chemical sensors, since in these devices they mimic most of their biological functions, such as reversible binding, catalytic activation, and optical changes. Such a magnificent bouquet of properties allows applying porphyrin derivatives to different transducers, ranging from nanogravimetric to optical devices, also enabling the realization of multifunctional chemical sensors, in which multiple transduction mechanisms are applied to the same sensing layer. Potential applications are further expanded through sensor arrays, where cross-selective sensing layers can be applied for the analysis of complex chemical matrices. The possibility of finely tuning the macrocycle properties by synthetic modification of the different components of the porphyrin ring, such as peripheral substituents, molecular skeleton, coordinated metal, allows creating a vast library of porphyrinoid-based sensing layers. From among these, one can select optimal arrays for a particular application. This feature is particularly suitable for sensor array applications, where cross-selective receptors are required. This Review briefly describes chemical sensor principles. The main part of the Review is divided into two sections, describing the porphyrin-based devices devoted to the detection of gaseous or liquid samples, according to the corresponding transduction mechanism. Although most devices are based on porphyrin derivatives, seminal examples of the application of corroles or other porphyrin analogues are evidenced in dedicated sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Nardis
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Sivalingam Y, Elumalai P, Yuvaraj SV, Magna G, Sowmya VJ, Paolesse R, Chi KW, Kawazoe Y, Di Natale C. Interaction of VOCs with pyrene tetratopic ligands layered on ZnO nanorods under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Vijayakumar S, Muralidharan G. Electrochemical supercapacitor behaviour of α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry route. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maitarad P, Namuangruk S, Zhang D, Shi L, Li H, Huang L, Boekfa B, Ehara M. Metal-porphyrin: a potential catalyst for direct decomposition of N(2)O by theoretical reaction mechanism investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7101-7110. [PMID: 24856812 DOI: 10.1021/es405767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of nitrous oxide (N2O) on metal-porphyrins (metal: Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory with the M06L functional to explore their use as potential catalysts for the direct decomposition of N2O. Among these metal-porphyrins, Ti-porphyrin is the most active for N2O adsorption in the triplet ground state with the strongest adsorption energy (-13.32 kcal/mol). Ti-porphyrin was then assessed for the direct decomposition of N2O. For the overall reaction mechanism of three N2O molecules on Ti-porphyrin, two plausible catalytic cycles are proposed. Cycle 1 involves the consecutive decomposition of the first two N2O molecules, while cycle 2 is the decomposition of the third N2O molecule. For cycle 1, the activation energies of the first and second N2O decompositions are computed to be 3.77 and 49.99 kcal/mol, respectively. The activation energy for the third N2O decomposition in cycle 2 is 47.79 kcal/mol, which is slightly lower than that of the second activation energy of the first cycle. O2 molecules are released in cycles 1 and 2 as the products of the reaction, which requires endothermic energies of 102.96 and 3.63 kcal/mol, respectively. Therefore, the O2 desorption is mainly released in catalytic cycle 2 of a TiO3-porphyrin intermediate catalyst. In conclusion, regarding the O2 desorption step for the direct decomposition of N2O, the findings would be very useful to guide the search for potential N2O decomposition catalysts in new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornphimon Maitarad
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Magna G, Sivalingam Y, Martinelli E, Pomarico G, Basoli F, Paolesse R, Di Natale C. The influence of film morphology and illumination conditions on the sensitivity of porphyrins-coated ZnO nanorods. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 810:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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