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Zheng W, Liu CH, Nieh MP, Cornelius CJ. Sulfonated Pentablock Copolymer Membrane Morphological Anisotropy and Its Impact on Dimensional Swelling, Proton Conductivity, and the Transport of Protons and Water. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, China
| | - Chung-Hao Liu
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Chris J. Cornelius
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011, United States
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2
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Tsai BH, Lin TA, Cheng CH, Lin JC. Studies of the Sulfonated Hydrogenated Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene Block Copolymer and Its Surface Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Platelet-Contacting Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020235. [PMID: 33445549 PMCID: PMC7828018 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) consist of styrenic blocks. They are connected with other soft segments by a covalent linkage and are widely used in human life. However, in biomedical applications, TPEs need to be chemically hydrogenated in advance to enhance their properties such as strong UV/ozone resistance and thermal-oxidative stability. In this study, films composed of sulfonated hydrogenated TPEs were evaluated. Hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymers were synthesized and selectively sulfonated to different degrees by reaction with acetyl sulfate. By controlling the ratio of the hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymer and acetyl sulfate, sulfonated films were optimized to demonstrate sufficient mechanical integrity in water as well as good biocompatibility. The thermal plastic sulfonated films were found to be free of cytotoxicity and platelet-compatible and could be potential candidates in biomedical film applications such as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hong Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
| | - Tse-An Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
| | - Chi-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.)
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3
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Han Y, Wang F, Li H, Meng E, Fang S, Zhao A, Guo D. Sulfonic SiO 2 nanocolloid doped perfluorosulfonic acid films with enhanced water uptake and inner channel for IPMC actuators. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42450-42458. [PMID: 35542853 PMCID: PMC9076654 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a facile and effective strategy to fabricate sulfonic SiO2 nanocolloid (HSO3-SiO2) doped perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) films with enhanced water uptake and inner channel for high-performance and cost-effective ionic exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators. A commercial precursor of mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane was hydrolyzed to form thiol functionalized SiO2 nanocolloids (SH-SiO2, ∼25 nm in diameter), which were further oxidized into sulfonic SiO2 nanocolloids (HSO3-SiO2, ∼14 nm in diameter). Both SiO2 nanocolloids were used as additives to dope PFSA film for fabricating IPMC-used matrix films. Due to difference of compatibility, the SH-SiO2 nanocolloids take phase separation in the cocrystallization course, and aggregate into huge, regular spherical particles with a mean diameter of ∼690 μm; while the HSO3-SiO2 nanocolloids are completely compatible with PFSA, forming a very homogeneous hybrid matrix film. Related physiochemical investigations by analytical tools revealed that, the resultant HSO3-SiO2 hybrid film shows better IPMC-related properties compared to the SH-SiO2 hybrid film: 1.59 folds in water uptake, and 2.37 folds in ion exchanging capacity, thus contains an increased number of cations and possesses larger and better interconnected inner channels for IPMC bending. Consequently, the HSO3-SiO2 hybrid IPMC actuator exhibits remarkably higher levels of actuation behaviours such as higher force output, higher displacement output, and longer stable working time, which could be used as a valuable artificial muscle for flexible actuators or displacement/vibration sensors at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Han
- State Laboratory of Surface & Interface, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Laboratory of Surface & Interface, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Hongkai Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China 210016
| | - Erchao Meng
- State Laboratory of Surface & Interface, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- State Laboratory of Surface & Interface, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, SWJTU Chengdu China 610036
| | - Dongjie Guo
- State Laboratory of Surface & Interface, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
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4
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Deng J, Yan J, Tilly JC, Deng L, Mineart KP, Spontak RJ. Incorporation of Metallic Species into Midblock-Sulfonated Block Ionomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800427. [PMID: 30085395 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Block ionomers can, in the same fashion as their neutral block copolymer analogs, microphase-order into various nanoscale morphologies. The added benefit of a copolymer possessing a charged species is that the resultant block ionomer becomes amphiphilic and capable of imbibing polar liquids, including water. This characteristic facilitates incorporation of metallic species into the soft nanostructure for a wide range of target applications. In this study, the nonpolar and polar constituents of solvent-templated midblock-sulfonated block ionomers (SBIs) are first selectively metallated for complementary morphological analysis. Next, four different salts, with cationic charges ranging from +1 to +3, are introduced into three hydrated SBIs varying in their degree of sulfonation (DOS), and cation uptake is measured as a function of immersion time. These results indicate that uptake generally increases with increasing salt concentration, cationic charge, and specimen DOS. Swelling and nanoindentation measurements conducted at ambient temperature demonstrate that water uptake decreases, while the surface modulus increases, with increasing cationic charge. Chemical spectra acquired from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirm the presence of each of the ion-exchanged species, and corresponding EDS chemical maps reveal that the spatial distribution of these species is relatively uniform throughout the block ionomer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Joseph C Tilly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - Richard J Spontak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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5
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Mineart KP, Ryan JJ, Lee B, Smith SD, Spontak RJ. Molecular and morphological characterization of midblock-sulfonated styrenic triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Justin J. Ryan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Steven D. Smith
- Corporate Research & Development; The Procter & Gamble Company; Cincinnati Ohio 45224
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
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6
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Mineart KP, Lee B, Spontak RJ. A Solvent-Vapor Approach toward the Control of Block Ionomer Morphologies. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Single vial sample preparation of markers of nerve agents by dispersive solid-phase extraction using magnetic strong anion exchange resins. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1395:48-56. [PMID: 25863924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sample preparation method involving extraction, enrichment and derivatization of acidic degradation products of nerve agents was developed using magnetic strong anion exchange resins (MSAX). The method was performed in a single vial involving magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE). Analytes were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) in the presence of resins. MSAX were custom synthesized using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as core, 4-vinylpyridine-co-divinylbenzene as polymer shell and quaternary pyridinium function as anion-exchanger. Hydroxide ions were the counter-anions of MSAX to effectively capture the acidic alkyl alkylphosphonic acids (AAPAs) and alkylphosphonic acids (APAs). Quantitative measurements of analytes were performed in the selected ion monitoring mode of GC-MS. Full scan mode of analysis was followed for identifications. Under the optimized conditions analytes were recovered in the range of 39.7-98.8% (n=3, relative standard deviations (RSD) from 0.3 to 6.5%). Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.1-1.1ngmL(-1); and the linear dynamic range was 5-1000ngmL(-1) with r(2) of 0.9977-0.9769. Applicability of the method was tested with rain-, tap-, muddy-water and Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Proficiency Test samples.
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Mineart KP, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Takahara A, Spontak RJ. Morphological investigation of midblock-sulfonated block ionomers prepared from solvents differing in polarity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:432-8. [PMID: 25537368 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments regarding charged multiblock copolymers that can form physical networks and exhibit robust mechanical properties herald new and exciting opportunities for contemporary technologies requiring amphiphilic attributes. Due to the presence of strong interactions, however, control over the phase behavior of such materials remains challenging, especially since their morphologies can be solvent-templated. In this study, transmission electron microscopy and microtomography are employed to examine the morphological characteristics of midblock-sulfonated pentablock ionomers prepared from solvents differing in polarity. Resultant images confirm that discrete, spherical ion-rich microdomains form in films cast from a relatively nonpolar solvent, whereas an apparently mixed morphology with a continuous ion-rich pathway is generated when the casting solvent is more highly polar. Detailed 3D analysis of the morphological characteristics confirms the coexistence of hexagonally-packed nonpolar cylinders and lamellae, which facilitates the diffusion of ions and/or other polar species through the nanostructured medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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