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Khan S, Shakeri A, Monteiro JK, Tariq S, Prasad A, Gu J, Filipe CDM, Li Y, Didar TF. Comprehensive fluorescence profiles of contamination-prone foods applied to the design of microcontact-printed in situ functional oligonucleotide sensors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8277. [PMID: 38594334 PMCID: PMC11004136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With both foodborne illness and food spoilage detrimentally impacting human health and the economy, there is growing interest in the development of in situ sensors that offer real-time monitoring of food quality within enclosed food packages. While oligonucleotide-based fluorescent sensors have illustrated significant promise, the development of such on-food sensors requires consideration towards sensing-relevant fluorescence properties of target food products-information that has not yet been reported. To address this need, comprehensive fluorescence profiles for various contamination-prone food products are established in this study across several wavelengths and timepoints. The intensity of these food backgrounds is further contextualized to biomolecule-mediated sensing using overlaid fluorescent oligonucleotide arrays, which offer perspective towards the viability of distinct wavelengths and fluorophores for in situ food monitoring. Results show that biosensing in the Cyanine3 range is optimal for all tested foods, with the Cyanine5 range offering comparable performance with meat products specifically. Moreover, recognizing that mass fabrication of on-food sensors requires rapid and simple deposition of sensing agents onto packaging substrates, RNA-cleaving fluorescent nucleic acid probes are successfully deposited via microcontact printing for the first time. Direct incorporation onto food packaging yields cost-effective sensors with performance comparable to ones produced using conventional deposition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Simrun Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Akansha Prasad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Carlos D M Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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2
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Al Abdullah S, Najm L, Ladouceur L, Ebrahimi F, Shakeri A, Al-Jabouri N, Didar TF, Dellinger K. Functional Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2302673. [PMID: 39309539 PMCID: PMC11415277 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202302673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the main causes of dementia worldwide, whereby neuronal death or malfunction leads to cognitive impairment in the elderly population. AD is highly prevalent, with increased projections over the next few decades. Yet current diagnostic methods for AD occur only after the presentation of clinical symptoms. Evidence in the literature points to potential mechanisms of AD induction beginning before clinical symptoms start to present, such as the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) extracellular plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Biomarkers of AD, including Aβ 40, Aβ 42, and tau protein, amongst others, show promise for early AD diagnosis. Additional progress is made in the application of biosensing modalities to measure and detect significant changes in these AD biomarkers within patient samples, such as cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood, serum, or plasma. Herein, a comprehensive review of the emerging nano-biomaterial approaches to develop biosensors for AD biomarkers' detection is provided. Advances, challenges, and potential of electrochemical, optical, and colorimetric biosensors, focusing on nanoparticle-based (metallic, magnetic, quantum dots) and nanostructure-based biomaterials are discussed. Finally, the criteria for incorporating these emerging nano-biomaterials in clinical settings are presented and assessed, as they hold great potential for enhancing early-onset AD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer Al Abdullah
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Lubna Najm
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Liane Ladouceur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Farbod Ebrahimi
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Nadine Al-Jabouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), 1280 Main St W, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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3
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Ghorbaninejad M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Baharvand H, Meyfour A. Intestinal organoids: A versatile platform for modeling gastrointestinal diseases and monitoring epigenetic alterations. Life Sci 2023; 319:121506. [PMID: 36858311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and tissue in vitro models, creating intestinal organoids has burgeoned as an ideal option to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the native intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can be developed from either tissue-resident adult stem cells (ADSs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in both forms induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells. Here, we review current advances in the development of intestinal organoids that have led to a better recapitulation of the complexity, physiology, morphology, function, and microenvironment of the intestine. We discuss current applications of intestinal organoids with an emphasis on disease modeling. In particular, we point out recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids. We also discuss the less explored application of intestinal organoids in epigenetics by highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications in intestinal development, homeostasis, and diseases, and subsequently the power of organoids in mirroring the regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in these conditions and introducing novel predictive/diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we propose 3D organoid models to evaluate the effects of novel epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) on the treatment of GI diseases where epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in disease development and progression, particularly in colorectal cancer treatment and epigenetically acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Jarad NA, Didar TF. The Fabrication and Bonding of Thermoplastic Microfluidics: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186478. [PMID: 36143790 PMCID: PMC9503322 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various fields within biomedical engineering have been afforded rapid scientific advancement through the incorporation of microfluidics. As literature surrounding biological systems become more comprehensive and many microfluidic platforms show potential for commercialization, the development of representative fluidic systems has become more intricate. This has brought increased scrutiny of the material properties of microfluidic substrates. Thermoplastics have been highlighted as a promising material, given their material adaptability and commercial compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive discussion surrounding recent developments pertaining to thermoplastic microfluidic device fabrication. Existing and emerging approaches related to both microchannel fabrication and device assembly are highlighted, with consideration toward how specific approaches induce physical and/or chemical properties that are optimally suited for relevant real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Noor Abu Jarad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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5
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A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030092. [PMID: 35893460 PMCID: PMC9326639 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied. The chambers are known as parallel plate, T-chamber, step, cone plate, and stretch. The stimulated functions or signals from endothelial cells by flows are extensively connected to other outer layers of arteries or organs. The coculture layer was developed in a chamber to investigate the interaction between smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the blood vessel wall in vascular physiology and pathology. Additionally, the microfabrication technology used to create a chamber for a microfluidic device involves both mechanical and chemical stimulation of cells to show their dynamics in in vivo microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the blood flow (flow inducing) for the functions connecting to endothelial cells and blood vessels, and to find directions for future chamber and device developments for further understanding and application of vascular functions. The relationship between chamber design flow, cell layers, and microfluidics was studied.
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6
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Khan S, Burciu B, Filipe CDM, Li Y, Dellinger K, Didar TF. DNAzyme-Based Biosensors: Immobilization Strategies, Applications, and Future Prospective. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13943-13969. [PMID: 34524790 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost three decades ago, DNAzymes have been used extensively in biosensing. Depending on the type of DNAzyme being used, these functional oligonucleotides can act as molecular recognition elements within biosensors, offering high specificity to their target analyte, or as reporters capable of transducing a detectable signal. Several parameters need to be considered when designing a DNAzyme-based biosensor. In particular, given that many of these biosensors immobilize DNAzymes onto a sensing surface, selecting an appropriate immobilization strategy is vital. Suboptimal immobilization can result in both DNAzyme detachment and poor accessibility toward the target, leading to low sensing accuracy and sensitivity. Various approaches have been employed for DNAzyme immobilization within biosensors, ranging from amine and thiol-based covalent attachment to non-covalent strategies involving biotin-streptavidin interactions, DNA hybridization, electrostatic interactions, and physical entrapment. While the properties of each strategy inform its applicability within a proposed sensor, the selection of an appropriate strategy is largely dependent on the desired application. This is especially true given the diverse use of DNAzyme-based biosensors for the detection of pathogens, metal ions, and clinical biomarkers. In an effort to make the development of such sensors easier to navigate, this paper provides a comprehensive review of existing immobilization strategies, with a focus on their respective advantages, drawbacks, and optimal conditions for use. Next, common applications of existing DNAzyme-based biosensors are discussed. Last, emerging and future trends in the development of DNAzyme-based biosensors are discussed, and gaps in existing research worthy of exploration are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brenda Burciu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Carlos D M Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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7
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Didar TF. Conventional and emerging strategies for the fabrication and functionalization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3053-3075. [PMID: 34286800 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging and multidisciplinary field that is of great interest to manufacturers in medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry, as it provides unique tools for the development of point-of-care diagnostics, organs-on-chip systems, and biosensors. Polymeric microfluidics, unlike glass and silicon, offer several advantages such as low-cost mass manufacturing and a wide range of beneficial material properties, which make them the material of choice for commercial applications and high-throughput systems. Among polymers used for the fabrication of microfluidic devices, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) still remains the most widely used material in academia due to its advantageous properties, such as excellent transparency and biocompatibility. However, commercialization of PDMS has been a challenge mostly due to the high cost of the current fabrication strategies. Moreover, specific surface modification and functionalization steps are required to tailor the surface chemistry of PDMS channels (e.g. biomolecule immobilization, surface hydrophobicity and antifouling properties) with respect to the desired application. While significant research has been reported in the field of PDMS microfluidics, functionalization of PDMS surfaces remains a critical step in the fabrication process that is difficult to navigate. This review first offers a thorough illustration of existing fabrication methods for PDMS-based microfluidic devices, providing several recent advancements in this field with the aim of reducing the cost and time for mass production of these devices. Next, various conventional and emerging approaches for engineering the surface chemistry of PDMS are discussed in detail. We provide a wide range of functionalization techniques rendering PDMS microchannels highly biocompatible for physical or covalent immobilization of various biological entities while preventing non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Badv M, Weitz JI, Didar TF. Lubricant-Infused PET Grafts with Built-In Biofunctional Nanoprobes Attenuate Thrombin Generation and Promote Targeted Binding of Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1905562. [PMID: 31773877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
New surface coatings that enhance hemocompatibility and biofunctionality of synthetic vascular grafts such as expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are urgently needed. Lubricant-infused surfaces prevent nontargeted adhesion and enhance the biocompatibility of blood-contacting surfaces. However, limited success has been made in incorporating biofunctionality onto these surfaces and generating biofunctional lubricant-infused coatings that both prevent nonspecific adhesion and enhance targeted binding of biomolecules remains a challenge. Here, a new generation of fluorosilanized lubricant-infused PET surfaces with built-in biofunctional nanoprobes is reported. These surfaces are synthesized by starting with a self-assembled monolayer of fluorosilane that is partially etched using plasma modification technique, thereby creating a hydroxyl-terminated fluorosilanized PET surface. Simultaneously, silanized nanoprobes are produced by amino-silanizing anti-CD34 antibody in solution and directly coupling the anti-CD34-aminosilane nanoprobes onto the hydroxyl terminated, fluorosilanized PET surface. The PET surfaces are then lubricated, creating fluorosilanized biofunctional lubricant-infused PET substrates. Compared with unmodified PET surfaces, the designed biofunctional lubricant-infused PET surfaces significantly attenuate thrombin generation and blood clot formation and promote targeted binding of endothelial cells from human whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, L8L 2X2, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Badv M, Alonso-Cantu C, Shakeri A, Hosseinidoust Z, Weitz JI, Didar TF. Biofunctional Lubricant-Infused Vascular Grafts Functionalized with Silanized Bio-Inks Suppress Thrombin Generation and Promote Endothelialization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6485-6496. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey I. Weitz
- Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
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10
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Imani SM, Badv M, Shakeri A, Yousefi H, Yip D, Fine C, Didar TF. Micropatterned biofunctional lubricant-infused surfaces promote selective localized cell adhesion and patterning. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3228-3237. [PMID: 31468050 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned biofunctional surfaces provide a wide range of applications in bioengineering. A key characteristic which is sought in these types of bio-interfaces is prevention of non-specific adhesion for enhanced biofunctionality and targeted binding. Lubricant-infused omniphobic coatings have exhibited superior performance in attenuating non-specific adhesion; however, these coatings completely block the surfaces and do not support targeted adhesion or patterning. In this work, we introduce a novel lubricant-infused surface with biofunctional micropatterned domains integrated within an omniphobic layer. This new class of micropatterned lubricant-infused surfaces simultaneously promotes localized and directed binding of desired targets, as well as repellency of undesired species, especially in human whole blood. Furthermore, this modification method is easily translatable to microfluidic devices offering a wider range of applications and improved performance for immunoassays in whole blood and inhibition of clot formation in microfluidic channels. The biofunctional micropatterned lubricant-infused surfaces were created through a bench-top straight forward process by integrating microcontact printing, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of fluorosilanes, and further infusion of the SAMs with a bio-compatible fluorocarbon-based lubricant layer. The developed surfaces, patterned with anti-CD34 antibodies, yield enhanced adhesion and controlled localized binding of target biomolecules (e.g. antibodies) and CD34 positive cells (e.g. HUVECs) inside microfluidic devices, outperforming conventional blocking methods (e.g. bovine serum albumin (BSA) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) in buffer and human whole blood. These surfaces offer a straightforward and effective way to enhance blocking capabilities while preserving the biofunctionality of a micropatterned system in complex biological environments such as whole blood. We anticipate that these micropatterned biofunctional interfaces will find a wide range of applications in microfluidic devices and biosensors for enhanced and localized targeted binding while preventing non-specific adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, JHE-308A, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Hanie Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Yip
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, JHE-308A, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Claire Fine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, JHE-308A, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, JHE-308A, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada. and Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Shakeri A, Imani SM, Chen E, Yousefi H, Shabbir R, Didar TF. Plasma-induced covalent immobilization and patterning of bioactive species in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3104-3115. [PMID: 31429455 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a straightforward technique to create bio-functional microfluidic channels using CO2 plasma to induce both carboxylic and hydroxyl groups onto the channel surface. Consequently, not only does the surface allow for irreversible covalent bonding to an oxygen plasma treated PDMS for microfluidic device fabrication, but it also provides functionality for biomolecular immobilization. Furthermore, we demonstrate integration of this technique with microcontact printing to covalently micropattern functional biomolecules inside microfluidic channels. The bio-functionality and efficacy of the microcontact printed antibodies is demonstrated for both bioassays as well as patterning and culturing different cell lines. Results show that the introduced method can be an excellent candidate for cell culture studies in microfluidics. With the new printing method, full cell confluency (∼400 cells per mm2) was achieved after incubation for only 1 day, which is significantly greater than other conventional cell culture techniques inside microfluidic devices. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the endothelial cells functionality by stimulating von Willebrand Factor secretion under shear stress. This is done via perfusion of histamine through the channel and performing immunofluorescence labeling to observe the inflammatory response of the cells. The developed method eliminates the need for wet chemistry and significantly simplifies producing bio-functional chips which can be used for biosensing, organs-on-chips and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
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12
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Yousefi H, Su HM, Imani SM, Alkhaldi K, M. Filipe CD, Didar TF. Intelligent Food Packaging: A Review of Smart Sensing Technologies for Monitoring Food Quality. ACS Sens 2019; 4:808-821. [PMID: 30864438 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a major factor affecting public health and the well-being of society. A possible solution to control food-borne illnesses is through real-time monitoring of the food quality throughout the food supply chain. The development of emerging technologies, such as active and intelligent packaging, has been greatly accelerated in recent years, with a focus on informing consumers about food quality. Advances in the fields of sensors and biosensors has enabled the development of new materials, devices, and multifunctional sensing systems to monitor the quality of food. In this Review, we place the focus on an in-depth summary of the recent technological advances that hold the potential for being incorporated into food packaging to ensure food quality, safety, or monitoring of spoilage. These advanced sensing systems usually target monitoring gas production, humidity, temperature, and microorganisms' growth within packaged food. The implementation of portable and simple-to-use hand-held devices is also discussed in this Review. We highlight the mechanical and optical properties of current materials and systems, along with various limitations associated with each device. The technologies discussed here hold great potential for applications in food packaging and bring us one step closer to enable real-time monitoring of food throughout the supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Yousefi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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13
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Intestinal organoids: A new paradigm for engineering intestinal epithelium in vitro. Biomaterials 2019; 194:195-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Badv M, Imani SM, Weitz JI, Didar TF. Lubricant-Infused Surfaces with Built-In Functional Biomolecules Exhibit Simultaneous Repellency and Tunable Cell Adhesion. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10890-10902. [PMID: 30352507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant-infused omniphobic surfaces have exhibited outstanding effectiveness in inhibiting nonspecific adhesion and attenuating superimposed clot formation compared with other coated surfaces. However, such surfaces blindly thwart adhesion, which is troublesome for applications that rely on targeted adhesion. Here we introduce a new class of lubricant-infused surfaces that offer tunable bioactivity together with omniphobic properties by integrating biofunctional domains into the lubricant-infused layer. These novel surfaces promote targeted binding of desired species while simultaneously preventing nonspecific adhesion. To develop these surfaces, mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of aminosilanes and fluorosilanes were generated. Aminosilanes were utilized as coupling molecules for immobilizing capture ligands, and nonspecific adhesion of cells and proteins was prevented by infiltrating the fluorosilane molecules with a thin layer of a biocompatible fluorocarbon-based lubricant, thus generating biofunctional lubricant-infused surfaces. This method yields surfaces that (a) exhibit highly tunable binding of anti-CD34 and anti-CD144 antibodies and adhesion of endothelial cells, while repelling nonspecific adhesion of undesirable proteins and cells not only in buffer but also in human plasma or human whole blood, and (b) attenuate blood clot formation. Therefore, this straightforward and simple method creates biofunctional, nonsticky surfaces that can be used to optimize the performance of devices such as biomedical implants, extracorporeal circuits, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Sara M Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- School of Biomedical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
- Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI) , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR) , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L7 , Canada
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15
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Shakeri A, Yip D, Badv M, Imani SM, Sanjari M, Didar TF. Self-Cleaning Ceramic Tiles Produced via Stable Coating of TiO₂ Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11061003. [PMID: 29899252 PMCID: PMC6025286 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high photocatalytic power of TiO2 nanoparticles has drawn great attention in environmental and medical applications. Coating surfaces with these particles enables us to benefit from self-cleaning properties and decomposition of pollutants. In this paper, two strategies have been introduced to coat ceramic tiles with TiO2 nanoparticles, and the self-cleaning effect of the surfaces on degradation of an organic dye under ultraviolent (UV) exposure is investigated. In the first approach, a simple one-step heat treatment method is introduced for coating, and different parameters of the heat treatment process are examined. In the second method, TiO2 nanoparticles are first aminosilanized using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) treatment followed by their covalently attachment onto CO2 plasma treated ceramic tiles via N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry. We monitor TiO2 nanoparticle sizes throughout the coating process using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and characterize developed surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, hydrophilicity of the coated surfaces is quantified using a contact angle measurement. It is shown that applying a one-step heat treatment process with the optimum temperature of 200 °C for 5 h results in successful coating of nanoparticles and rapid degradation of dye in a short time. In the second strategy, the APTES treatment creates a stable covalent coating, while the photocatalytic capability of the particles is preserved. The results show that coated ceramic tiles are capable of fully degrading the added dyes under UV exposure in less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Darren Yip
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Sara M Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Sanjari
- Nanophyll Inc., 175 Longwood Rd South, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada.
| | - Tohid F Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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16
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Shakeri A, Sun N, Badv M, Didar TF. Generating 2-dimensional concentration gradients of biomolecules using a simple microfluidic design. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044111. [PMID: 28852431 PMCID: PMC5552394 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a microfluidic device for generating 2-dimensional concentration gradients of biomolecules along the width and length of a chamber and conventional 1-dimensional gradients along the width of its lateral parallel channels. The gradient profile can be precisely controlled by the applied flow rate. The proposed design is simple and straightforward, has a small footprint size compared to previously reported devices such as tree-shape designs, and for the first time, provides capability of generating desired 2D and 1D gradients, simultaneously. The finite element simulation analysis proves the feasibility of the microfluidic device, and the fluorescently labelled IgG antibody is used to demonstrate generated chemical gradients. This simple microfluidic device can be implemented for a wide range of high-throughput concentration gradient applications such as chemotaxis, drug screening, and organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Nick Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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17
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Density-gradient-assisted centrifugal microfluidics: an approach to continuous-mode particle separation. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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High-throughput screening approaches and combinatorial development of biomaterials using microfluidics. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:1-20. [PMID: 26361719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the first microfluidic devices used for analysis of single metabolic by-products to highly complex multicompartmental co-culture organ-on-chip platforms, efforts of many multidisciplinary teams around the world have been invested in overcoming the limitations of conventional research methods in the biomedical field. Close spatial and temporal control over fluids and physical parameters, integration of sensors for direct read-out as well as the possibility to increase throughput of screening through parallelization, multiplexing and automation are some of the advantages of microfluidic over conventional, 2D tissue culture in vitro systems. Moreover, small volumes and relatively small cell numbers used in experimental set-ups involving microfluidics, can potentially decrease research cost. On the other hand, these small volumes and numbers of cells also mean that many of the conventional molecular biology or biochemistry assays cannot be directly applied to experiments that are performed in microfluidic platforms. Development of different types of assays and evidence that such assays are indeed a suitable alternative to conventional ones is a step that needs to be taken in order to have microfluidics-based platforms fully adopted in biomedical research. In this review, rather than providing a comprehensive overview of the literature on microfluidics, we aim to discuss developments in the field of microfluidics that can aid advancement of biomedical research, with emphasis on the field of biomaterials. Three important topics will be discussed, being: screening, in particular high-throughput and combinatorial screening; mimicking of natural microenvironment ranging from 3D hydrogel-based cellular niches to organ-on-chip devices; and production of biomaterials with closely controlled properties. While important technical aspects of various platforms will be discussed, the focus is mainly on their applications, including the state-of-the-art, future perspectives and challenges. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Microfluidics, being a technology characterized by the engineered manipulation of fluids at the submillimeter scale, offers some interesting tools that can advance biomedical research and development. Screening platforms based on microfluidic technologies that allow high-throughput and combinatorial screening may lead to breakthrough discoveries not only in basic research but also relevant to clinical application. This is further strengthened by the fact that reliability of such screens may improve, since microfluidic systems allow close mimicking of physiological conditions. Finally, microfluidic systems are also very promising as micro factories of a new generation of natural or synthetic biomaterials and constructs, with finely controlled properties.
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Integrative Utilization of Microenvironments, Biomaterials and Computational Techniques for Advanced Tissue Engineering. J Biotechnol 2015; 212:71-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Wang JC, Liu W, Tu Q, Ma C, Zhao L, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Pang L, Wang J. High throughput and multiplex localization of proteins and cells for in situ micropatterning using pneumatic microfluidics. Analyst 2015; 140:827-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a micropatterning method for protein/cell localization by using pneumatically controllable microstructures in an integrated microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chun Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
- Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
| | - Wenming Liu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Qin Tu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Chao Ma
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yaolei Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Long Pang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
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