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Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are a class of luminescent materials that convert longer-wavelength near-infrared photons into visible and ultraviolet emissions. They can respond to various external stimuli, which underpins many opportunities for developing the next generation of sensing technologies. In this perspective, the unique stimuli-responsive properties of upconverting nanoparticles are introduced, and their recent implementations in sensing are summarized. Promising material development strategies for enhancing the key sensing merits, including intrinsic sensitivity, biocompatibility and modality, are identified and discussed. The outlooks on future technological developments, novel sensing concepts, and applications of nanoscale upconversion sensors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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2
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Naz ESG, Yin Y, Wang J, Madani A, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Dynamic tuning of photon-plasmon interaction based on three-dimensionally confined microtube cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5720-5723. [PMID: 33057267 DOI: 10.1364/ol.406292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present tunable coupling between surface plasmon resonances supported by a metal-nanoparticle-coated tip and three-dimensionally (3D) confined optical modes supported by a microtube cavity. The competition and transition between two types of coupling mechanisms, i.e., dielectric-dielectric and plasmon-dielectric coupling, are observed in the tunable system. Owing to the competition between the two coupling mechanisms, the resonant modes can be dynamically tuned to first shift from higher to lower energies and then revert to higher energy. Moreover, the unique spatial field distribution of 3D confined modes allows selective coupling of odd and even order axial modes with surface plasmon resonances.
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3
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Shapturenka P, Stute H, Zakaria NI, DenBaars SP, Gordon MJ. Color-changing refractive index sensor based on Fano-resonant filtering of optical modes in a porous dielectric Fabry-Pérot microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:28226-28233. [PMID: 32988098 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refractometry is a ubiquitous technique for process control and substance identification in the chemical and biomedical fields. Herein, we present an all-dielectric, wafer-scalable, and compact Fabry-Pérot microcavity (FPMC) device for refractive index (RI) sensing. The FPMC consists of a highly porous SiO2 microcavity capped with a thin, quasi-periodically patterned TiO2 hole array partial reflector that enables rapid, nanoliter-scale analyte transport to and from the sensor. Liquid (alcohols) or condensed-vapor (water from human breath) infiltration resulted in spectral redshifts up to 100 nm, highly apparent visible color change, rapid recovery (< 20 s), and RI sensitivity of up to 680 nm/RIU. The sensor can also be used in spectral or single-wavelength detection modes. Effective-medium and finite-difference time-domain optical simulations identified that Fano-resonant scattering modes induced by the quasi-periodic TiO2 outcoupling layer effectively filter higher-order Fabry-Pérot cavity modes and thereby confer an easily identifiable red-to-green color transition during analyte infiltration.
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4
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Liang L, Zhao C, Xie F, Sun LP, Ran Y, Jin L, Guan BO. Sensitivity enhancement of a fiber-based interferometric optofluidic sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24408-24417. [PMID: 32906982 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic sensors, which tightly bridge photonics and micro/nanofluidics, are superior candidates in point-of-care testing. A fiber-based interferometric optofluidic (FIO) sensor can detect molecular biomarkers by fusing an optical microfiber and a microfluidic tube in parallel. Light from the microfiber side coupled to the microtube leads to lateral localized light-fluid evanescent interaction with analytes, facilitating sensitive detection of biomolecules with good stability and excellent portability. The determination of the sensitivity with respect to the interplay between light and fluidics, however, still needs to be understood quantitatively. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the relationship between refractive index (RI) sensitivity and individual geometrical parameters to determine the lateral localized light-fluid evanescent interaction. Theoretical analysis predicted a sensitive maximum, which could be realized by synergically tuning the fiber diameter d and the tube wall thickness t at an abrupt dispersion transition region. As a result, an extremely high RI sensitivity of 1.6×104 nm/RIU (σ=4074 nm/RIU), an order of magnitude higher than our previous results, with detection limit of 3.0×10-6 RIU, is recorded by precisely governing the transverse geometry of the setup. The scientific findings will guide future exploration of both new light-fluid interaction devices and biomedical sensors.
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Wang J, Karnaushenko D, Medina-Sánchez M, Yin Y, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Three-Dimensional Microtubular Devices for Lab-on-a-Chip Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1476-1496. [PMID: 31132252 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advance of micro-/nanofabrication technologies opens up new opportunities for miniaturized sensing devices based on novel three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Notably, microtubular geometry exhibits natural advantages for sensing applications due to its unique properties including the hollow sensing channel, high surface-volume ratio, well-controlled shape parameters and compatibility to on-chip integration. Here the state-of-the-art sensing techniques based on microtubular devices are reviewed. The developed microtubular sensors cover microcapillaries, rolled-up nanomembranes, chemically synthesized tubular arrays, and photoresist-based tubular structures via 3D printing. Various types of microtubular sensors working in optical, electrical, and magnetic principles exhibit an extremely broad scope of sensing targets including liquids, biomolecules, micrometer-sized/nanosized objects, and gases. Moreover, they have also been applied for the detection of mechanical, acoustic, and magnetic fields as well as fluorescence signals in labeling-based analyses. At last, a comprehensive outlook of future research on microtubular sensors is discussed on pushing the detection limit, extending the functionality, and taking a step forward to a compact and integrable core module in a lab-on-a-chip analytical system for understanding fundamental biological events or performing accurate point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | | | - Yin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Wang J, Yin Y, Hao Q, Yang YD, Valligatla S, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Li Y, Saggau CN, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Curved Nanomembrane-Based Concentric Ring Cavities for Supermode Hybridization. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7261-7267. [PMID: 30339757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the mode interactions and resonant hybridization in nanomembrane-formed concentric dual ring cavities supporting whispering gallery mode resonances. Utilizing a rolled-up nanomembrane with subwavelength thickness as an interlayer, dual concentric microring cavities are formed by coating high-index nanomembranes on the inner and outer surfaces of the rolled-up dielectric nanomembrane. In such a hybrid cavity system, the conventional fundamental mode resonating along a single ring orbit splits into symmetric and antisymmetric modes confined by concentric dual ring orbits. Detuning of the coupled supermodes is realized by spatially resolved measurements along the cavity axial direction. A spectral anticrossing feature is observed as a clear evidence of strong coupling. Upon strong coupling, the resonant orbits of symmetric and antisymmetric modes cross over each other in the form of superwaves oscillating between the concentric rings with opposite phase. Notably, the present system provides high flexibilities in controlling the coupling strength by varying the thickness of the spacer layer and thus enables switching between strong and weak coupling regimes. Our work offers a compact and robust scheme using curved nanomembranes to realize novel cavity mode interactions for both fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Department of Physics , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Qi Hao
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yue-De Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100083 , China
| | - Sreeramulu Valligatla
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ehsan Saei Ghareh Naz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Niclaas Saggau
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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Zhou L, Fang S, Liu Y, Yang R, Song D, Long F, Zhu A. Universal and reusable hapten/antibody-mediated portable optofluidic immunosensing platform for rapid on-site detection of pathogens. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:10-18. [PMID: 29980068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A universal and reusable hapten-antibody-mediated portable optofluidic immunosensing platform (OIP) was developed for rapid on-site detection of pathogens. By using Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and bisphenol A-Bovine serum albumin (BPA-BSA)/anti-BPA antibody as a model pathogen and a mediated hapten-antibody, respectively, a novel immunoassay mechanism was proposed to detect pathogens. The BPA-BSA-modified immunosensor and E. coli O157:H7 were initially saturated with anti-BPA antibodies (mouse IgG) and anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies (mouse IgG), respectively. Then, the fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse IgG antibody) were incubated with E. coli O157:H7 with their antibodies. Next, the mixture was introduced into the immunosensor surface bound to the anti-BPA antibodies. A high concentration of E. coli O157:H7 in the sample reduced the number of fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies bound to the immunosensor surface, thus resulting in the detection of low fluorescence signals. Under optimized conditions, the hapten-antibody-mediated OIP system exhibited a detection limit of 8 cfu/mL E. coli O157:H7 after concentrating 100 times by using centrifugation, and a test cycle, including prereaction, detection, and regeneration, was less than 1 h. The robustness of the hapten-carrier protein-modified immunosensor surface allowed multiple pathogen immunoassays. The proposed strategy demonstrated good recovery, precision, and accuracy through the evaluation of the spiked water samples. We expect that the new platform can be readily used for the detection of other pathogens in a variety of application fields ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety to medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shunyan Fang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Dan Song
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Anna Zhu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 102205, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection FOR Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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8
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Wu X, Tian Z, Cong H, Wang Y, Edy R, Huang G, Di Z, Xue C, Mei Y. Infrared tubular microcavity based on rolled-up GeSn/Ge nanomembranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:42LT02. [PMID: 30052202 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad66e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Germanium-Tin (GeSn) alloys have attracted great amounts of attention as these group IV semiconductors present direct band-gap behavior with high Sn content and are compatible with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. In this work, three dimensional tubular GeSn/Ge micro-resonators with a diameter of around 7.3 μm were demonstrated by rolling up GeSn nanomembranes (NM) grown on a Ge-on-insulator wafer via molecular beam epitaxy. The microstructural properties of the resonators were carefully investigated and the strain distributions of the rolled-up GeSn/Ge microcavities along the radial direction were studied by utilizing micro-Raman spectroscopy with different excitation laser wavelengths. The values of the strains calculated from Raman shifts agree well with the theoretical prediction. Coupled with fiber tapers, as-fabricated devices present a high quality factor of up to 800 in the transmission spectral measurements. The micro-resonators fabricated via rolled-up nanotechnology and GeSn/Ge NMs in this work may have great potential in photonic micro- and nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Song P, Chen C, Qu J, Ou P, Dastjerdi MHT, Mi Z, Song J, Liu X. Rolled-up SiO x /SiN x microtubes with an enhanced quality factor for sensitive solvent sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:415501. [PMID: 29968573 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad0b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microtubes made through rolling-up of strain-engineered nanomembranes have received growing research attention after their first invention due to the technology's high flexibility, integrability, and versatility. These rolled-up microtubes have been used for a variety of device applications including sensors, batteries and transistors, among others. This paper reports the development of highly sensitive whispering-gallery mode (WGM) chemical sensors based on rolled-up microtube optical microcavities (RUM-OCs). For the first time, such microcavities were batch fabricated through rolling-up of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)-synthesized SiO x /SiN x bilayer nanomembranes, which have better optical properties than the conventional electron-beam-deposited SiO/SiO2 bilayers. Benefiting from the high refractive index (RI) of PECVD-deposited SiN x , our RUM-OC shows an enhanced quality factor of 880 that is much higher than that (50) of a SiO/SiO2 RUM-OC with the same dimensions. The developed RUM-OC is used for sensitive WGM solvent sensing, and demonstrate a limit of detection of 10-4 refractive index unit (RIU), which is 10 times lower than that (10-3 RIU) of a SiO/SiO2 RUM-OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada. Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
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10
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Madani A, Naz ESG, Harazim S, Kleinert M, Yin Y, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Multiplexing and tuning of a double set of resonant modes in optical microtube cavities monolithically integrated on a photonic chip. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4703-4706. [PMID: 30272719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a monolithic integration of two vertically rolled-up microtube resonators (VRUMs) on polymer-based 1×5 multimode interference waveguides to achieve 3D multi-channel coupling. In this configuration, different sets of resonant modes are simultaneously excited at S-, C-, and L- telecom bands, demonstrating an on-chip multiplexing, based on a vertical-coupling configuration. Moreover, the resonant wavelength tuning and consequently the overlapping of resonant modes are accomplished via covering the integrated VRUMs by liquid. A maximum sensitivity of 330 nm/refractive index unit is achieved. The present work would be a critical step for the realization of massively parallel optofluidic sensors with higher sensitivity and flexibility for signal processing, particularly in a 3D-integrated photonic chip.
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Bolaños Quiñones VA, Zhu H, Solovev AA, Mei Y, Gracias DH. Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Bolaños Quiñones
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles Street, 221 Maryland Hall Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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12
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Li W, Wang H, Yang R, Song D, Long F, Zhu A. Integrated multichannel all-fiber optofluidic biosensing platform for sensitive and simultaneous detection of trace analytes. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:112-119. [PMID: 30327100 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An integrated multichannel all-fiber optofluidic biosensing platform (M-AOB) has been developed for a sensitive, rapid, and simultaneous detection of up to three trace analytes. The M-AOB platform employs a 1 × 3 fiber optical switch and three single-multimode fiber optic couplers for the transmission of excitation light and fluorescence and one photodiode detector for the simultaneous detection of fluorescence signals of multiple channels based on the time-resolve effect of the fiber optical switch. This design greatly simplified the entire system structure and improved light transmission efficiency. Through an indirect competitive immunoassay mechanism, we detected two highly regulated small molecules, namely, atrazine and 2,4-D, to demonstrate the value of M-AOB to the simultaneous measurement of trace analytes in water samples. The limits of detection of 0.03 μg/L and 0.04 μg/L were obtained for atrazine and 2,4-D, respectively, and were highly comparable with those of other analytical techniques. The high sensitivity of M-AOB benefited from the high light collective efficiency and low light loss of the excellent all-fiber optical structures and from the advantages of the evanescent wave technique. The regeneration of the biosensor surface, 200 assay cycles, were performed without any significant activity loss. Each assay cycle was less than 15 min. The immunoassay performance of the M-AOB, evaluated in several spiked water samples, showed good recovery, accuracy, and precision, indicating that the M-AOB was less susceptible to matrix effects of water samples. All these results illustrated that M-AOB can be readily extended toward the simultaneous and rapid detection of other trace small molecules using different biosensors modified by other analyte conjugates and their respective fluorescence-labeled antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Dan Song
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Anna Zhu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, 102205, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection FOR Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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Li P, Kumar A, Ma J, Kuang Y, Luo L, Sun X. Density gradient ultracentrifugation for colloidal nanostructures separation and investigation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:645-662. [PMID: 36658885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the advancement in nanoseparation and concomitant purification of nanoparticles (NPs) by using density gradient ultracentrifugation technique (DGUC) and demonstrated by taking several typical examples. Study emphasizes the conceptual advances in classification, mechanism of DGUC and synthesis-structure-property relationships of NPs to provide the significant clue for the further synthesis optimization. Separation, concentration, and purification of NPs by DGUC can be achieved at the same time by introducing the water/oil interfaces into the separation chamber. We can develop an efficient method "lab in a tube" by introducing a reaction zone or an assembly zone in the gradient to find the surface reaction and assembly mechanism of NPs since the reaction time can be precisely controlled and the chemical environment change can be extremely fast. Finally, to achieve the best separation parameters for the colloidal systems, we gave the mathematical descriptions and computational optimized models as a new direction for making practicable and predictable DGUC separation method. Thus, it can be helpful for an efficient separation as well as for the synthesis optimization, assembly and surface reactions as a potential cornerstone for the future development in the nanotechnology and this review can be served as a plethora of advanced notes on the DGUC separation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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14
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Yin Y, Wang J, Lu X, Hao Q, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Cheng C, Ma L, Schmidt OG. In Situ Generation of Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Manipulating Photon-Plasmon Coupling in Microtube Cavities. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3726-3732. [PMID: 29630816 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ generation of silver nanoparticles for selective coupling between localized plasmonic resonances and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) is investigated by spatially resolved laser dewetting on microtube cavities. The size and morphology of the silver nanoparticles are changed by adjusting the laser power and irradiation time, which in turn effectively tune the photon-plasmon coupling strength. Depending on the relative position of the plasmonic nanoparticles spot and resonant field distribution of WGMs, selective coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and WGMs is experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, by creating multiple plasmonic-nanoparticle spots on the microtube cavity, the field distribution of optical axial modes is freely tuned due to multicoupling between LSPRs and WGMs. The multicoupling mechanism is theoretically investigated by a modified quasipotential model based on perturbation theory. This work provides an in situ fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticles on three-dimensional microtube cavities for manipulating photon-plasmon coupling which is of interest for optical tuning abilities and enhanced light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Xueyi Lu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Qi Hao
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Chuanfu Cheng
- School of Physics and Electronics , Shandong Normal University , 250014 Jinan , China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences , IFW Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09107 Chemnitz , Germany
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15
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Huang G, Mei Y. Assembly and Self-Assembly of Nanomembrane Materials-From 2D to 3D. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703665. [PMID: 29292590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer great opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical applications, which require precise control of building blocks with micro/nanoscale resolution in both individual and mass-production ways. The recent and intensive nanotechnology development gives birth to a new focus on nanomembrane materials, which are defined as structures with thickness limited to about one to several hundred nanometers and with much larger (typically at least two orders of magnitude larger, or even macroscopic scale) lateral dimensions. Nanomembranes can be readily processed in an accurate manner and integrated into functional devices and systems. In this Review, a nanotechnology perspective of nanomembranes is provided, with examples of science and applications in semiconductor, metal, insulator, polymer, and composite materials. Assisted assembly of nanomembranes leads to wrinkled/buckled geometries for flexible electronics and stacked structures for applications in photonics and thermoelectrics. Inspired by kirigami/origami, self-assembled 3D structures are constructed via strain engineering. Many advanced materials have begun to be explored in the format of nanomembranes and extend to biomimetic and 2D materials for various applications. Nanomembranes, as a new type of nanomaterials, allow nanotechnology in a controllable and precise way for practical applications and promise great potential for future nanorelated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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16
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Feng Z, Bai L. Advances of Optofluidic Microcavities for Microlasers and Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9030122. [PMID: 30424056 PMCID: PMC6187242 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic microcavities with high Q factor have made rapid progress in recent years by using various micro-structures. On one hand, they are applied to microfluidic lasers with low excitation thresholds. On the other hand, they inspire the innovation of new biosensing devices with excellent performance. In this article, the recent advances in the microlaser research and the biochemical sensing field will be reviewed. The former will be categorized based on the structures of optical resonant cavities such as the Fabry⁻Pérot cavity and whispering gallery mode, and the latter will be classified based on the working principles into active sensors and passive sensors. Moreover, the difficulty of single-chip integration and recent endeavors will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Feng
- College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Weiz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics; Chemnitz University of Technology; Reichenhainer Straße 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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18
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Chen C, Song P, Meng F, Li X, Liu X, Song J. Quantitative analysis and predictive engineering of self-rolling of nanomembranes under anisotropic mismatch strain. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:485302. [PMID: 29048333 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa94aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work presents a quantitative modeling framework for investigating the self-rolling of nanomembranes under different lattice mismatch strain anisotropy. The effect of transverse mismatch strain on the roll-up direction and curvature has been systematically studied employing both analytical modeling and numerical simulations. The bidirectional nature of the self-rolling of nanomembranes and the critical role of transverse strain in affecting the rolling behaviors have been demonstrated. Two fabrication strategies, i.e., third-layer deposition and corner geometry engineering, have been proposed to predictively manipulate the bidirectional rolling competition of strained nanomembranes, so as to achieve controlled, unidirectional roll-up. In particular for the strategy of corner engineering, microfabrication experiments have been performed to showcase its practical application and effectiveness. Our study offers new mechanistic knowledge towards understanding and predictive engineering of self-rolling of nanomembranes with improved roll-up yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A0C5, Canada
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19
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Miao S, He S, Liang M, Lin G, Cai B, Schmidt OG. Microtubular Fuel Cell with Ultrahigh Power Output per Footprint. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28691179 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201607046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel realization of microtubular direct methanol fuel cells (µDMFC) with ultrahigh power output is reported by using "rolled-up" nanotechnology. The microtube (Pt-RuO2 -RUMT) is prepared by rolling up Ru2 O layers coated with magnetron-sputtered Pt nanoparticles (cat-NPs). The µDMFC is fabricated by embedding the tube in a fluidic cell. The footprint of per tube is as small as 1.5 × 10-4 cm2 . A power density of ≈257 mW cm-2 is obtained, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the present microsized DFMCs. Atomic layer deposition technique is applied to alleviate the methanol crossover as well as improve stability of the tube, sustaining electrolyte flow for days. A laminar flow driven mechanism is proposed, and the kinetics of the fuel oxidation depends on a linear-diffusion-controlled process. The electrocatalytic performance on anode and cathode is studied by scanning both sides of the tube wall as an ex situ working electrode, respectively. This prototype µDFMC is extremely interesting for integration with micro- and nanoelectronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University) Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Street 5988, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shulian He
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University) Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Street 5988, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Mengnan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University) Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, People's Street 5988, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN), IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, Dresden, D-01069, Germany
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN), IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, Dresden, D-01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
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20
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Madani A, Harazim SM, Bolaños Quiñones VA, Kleinert M, Finn A, Ghareh Naz ES, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Optical microtube cavities monolithically integrated on photonic chips for optofluidic sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:486-489. [PMID: 28146508 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microtubular optical resonators are monolithically integrated on photonic chips to demonstrate optofluidic functionality. Due to the compact subwavelength-thin tube wall and a well-defined nanogap between polymer photonic waveguides and the microtube, excellent optical coupling with extinction ratios up to 32 dB are observed in the telecommunication relevant wavelength range. For the first time, optofluidic applications of fully on-chip integrated microtubular systems are investigated both by filling the core of the microtube and by the microtube being covered by a liquid droplet. Total shifts over the full free spectral range are observed in response to the presence of the liquid medium in the vicinity of the microtube resonators. This work provides a vertical coupling scheme for optofluidic applications in monolithically integrated so-called "lab-in-a-tube" systems.
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Li Y, Fang Y, Wang J, Wang L, Tang S, Jiang C, Zheng L, Mei Y. Integrative optofluidic microcavity with tubular channels and coupled waveguides via two-photon polymerization. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4406-4414. [PMID: 27752686 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of functional devices and systems demands new design and fabrication approaches for lab-on-a-chip application and optical integrative systems. By using a direct laser writing (DLW) technique based on two-photon polymerization (TPP), a highly integrative optofluidic refractometer is fabricated and demonstrated based on tubular optical microcavities coupled with waveguides. Such tubular devices can support high quality factor (Q-factor) up to 3600 via fiber taper coupling. Microtubes with various diameters and wall thicknesses are constructed with optimized writing direction and conditions. Under a liquid-in-tube sensing configuration, a maximal sensitivity of 390 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) is achieved with subwavelength wall thickness (0.5 μm), which offers a detection limit of the devices in the order of 10-5 RIU. Such tubular microcavities with coupled waveguides underneath present excellent optofluidic sensing performance, which proves that TPP technology can integrate more functions or devices on a chip in one-step formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Li
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yangfu Fang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and School of Information Science & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shiwei Tang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- School of Information Science & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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22
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Ueltzhöffer T, Streubel R, Koch I, Holzinger D, Makarov D, Schmidt OG, Ehresmann A. Magnetically Patterned Rolled-Up Exchange Bias Tubes: A Paternoster for Superparamagnetic Beads. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8491-8498. [PMID: 27529182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We realized a deterministic transport system for superparamagnetic microbeads through micrometer-sized tubes acting as channels. Beads are moved stepwise in a paternoster-like manner through the tube and back on top of it by weak magnetic field pulses without changing the field pulse polarity and taking advantage of the magnetic stray field emerging from the tubular structures. The microtubes are engineered by rolling up exchange bias layer systems, magnetically patterned into parallel stripe magnetic domains. In this way, the tubes possess distinct azimuthally aligned magnetic domain patterns. This transport mechanism features high step velocities and remote control of not only the direction and trajectory but also the velocity of the transport without the need of fuel or catalytic material. Therefore, this approach has the potential to impact several fields of 3D applications in biotechnology, including particle transport related phenomena in lab-on-a-chip and lab-in-a-tube devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Ueltzhöffer
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Robert Streubel
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden) , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iris Koch
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dennis Holzinger
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden) , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden) , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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23
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Medina-Sánchez M, Ibarlucea B, Pérez N, Karnaushenko DD, Weiz SM, Baraban L, Cuniberti G, Schmidt OG. High-Performance Three-Dimensional Tubular Nanomembrane Sensor for DNA Detection. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4288-96. [PMID: 27266478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an ultrasensitive label-free DNA biosensor with fully on-chip integrated rolled-up nanomembrane electrodes. The hybridization of complementary DNA strands (avian influenza virus subtype H1N1) is selectively detected down to attomolar concentrations, an unprecedented level for miniaturized sensors without amplification. Impedimetric DNA detection with such a rolled-up biosensor shows 4 orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement over its planar counterpart. Furthermore, it is observed that the impedance response of the proposed device is contrary to the expected behavior due to its particular geometry. To further investigate this difference, a thorough model analysis of the measured signal and the electric field calculation is performed, revealing enhanced electron hopping/tunneling along the DNA chains due to an enriched electric field inside the tube. Likewise, conformational changes of DNA might also contribute to this effect. Accordingly, these highly integrated three-dimensional sensors provide a tool to study electrical properties of DNA under versatile experimental conditions and open a new avenue for novel biosensing applications (i.e., for protein, enzyme detection, or monitoring of cell behavior under in vivo like conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicolás Pérez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sonja M Weiz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute of Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology , Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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24
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Yin Y, Li S, Böttner S, Yuan F, Giudicatti S, Saei Ghareh Naz E, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Localized Surface Plasmons Selectively Coupled to Resonant Light in Tubular Microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:253904. [PMID: 27391725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.253904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertical gold nanogaps are created on microtubular cavities to explore the coupling between resonant light supported by the microcavities and surface plasmons localized at the nanogaps. Selective coupling of optical axial modes and localized surface plasmons critically depends on the exact location of the gold nanogap on the microcavities, which is conveniently achieved by rolling up specially designed thin dielectric films into three-dimensional microtube cavities. The coupling phenomenon is explained by a modified quasipotential model based on perturbation theory. Our work reveals the coupling of surface plasmon resonances localized at the nanoscale to optical resonances confined in microtubular cavities at the microscale, implying a promising strategy for the investigation of light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Shilong Li
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Böttner
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Giudicatti
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ehsan Saei Ghareh Naz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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25
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26
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Madani A, Ma L, Miao S, Jorgensen MR, Schmidt OG. Luminescent nanoparticles embedded in TiO2 microtube cavities for the activation of whispering-gallery-modes extending from the visible to the near infrared. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9498-9503. [PMID: 27102146 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto two dimensional (2D) pre-strained TiO2 nanomembranes by spin-coating. After rolling up the 2D differentially strained TiO2 nanomembranes into 3D microtube structures, the NPs are embedded within the tube windings. The embedded NPs serve as a light source for optical whispering-gallery-mode resonances under laser excitation, and therefore allow the TiO2 microtube to work as an active microcavity operating in emission mode. The spectral range of resonant modes can be tuned from the visible to the near infrared by embedding the proper NPs in the TiO2 tube wall. Rolled-up TiO2 microcavities combined with luminescent NPs could offer interesting opportunities in a variety of research fields, such as bio- and nanophotonics, optoelectronics, and optofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Madani
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shading Miao
- Anhui Key Lab of Controllable Chemical Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road. 193, 230009, Hefei, Anhui Prov, China
| | - Matthew R Jorgensen
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany. and Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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27
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Gaber N, Sabry YM, Marty F, Bourouina T. Optofluidic Fabry-Pérot Micro-Cavities Comprising Curved Surfaces for Homogeneous Liquid Refractometry-Design, Simulation, and Experimental Performance Assessment. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7040062. [PMID: 30407435 PMCID: PMC6190164 DOI: 10.3390/mi7040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the scope of miniaturized optical sensors for liquid refractometry, this work details the design, numerical simulation, and experimental characterization of a Fabry-Pérot resonator consisting of two deeply-etched silicon cylindrical mirrors with a micro-tube in between holding the liquid analyte under study. The curved surfaces of the tube and the cylindrical mirrors provide three-dimensional light confinement and enable achieving stability for the cavity illuminated by a Gaussian beam input. The resonant optofluidic cavity attains a high-quality factor (Q)-over 2800-which is necessary for a sensitive refractometer, not only by providing a sharp interference spectrum peak that enables accurate tracing of the peak wavelengths shifts, but also by providing steep side peaks, which enables detection of refractive index changes by power level variations when operating at a fixed wavelength. The latter method can achieve refractometry without the need for spectroscopy tools, provided certain criteria explained in the details are met. By experimentally measuring mixtures of acetone-toluene with different ratios, refractive index variations of 0.0005 < Δn < 0.0022 could be detected, with sensitivity as high as 5500 μW/RIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Gaber
- Laboratoire Electronique, Systèmes de Communication et Microsystèmes, Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser M Sabry
- Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, 1 Elsarayat St., Abbassia, Cairo 11517, Egypt.
| | - Frédéric Marty
- Laboratoire Electronique, Systèmes de Communication et Microsystèmes, Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
| | - Tarik Bourouina
- Laboratoire Electronique, Systèmes de Communication et Microsystèmes, Université Paris-Est, ESIEE Paris, ESYCOM EA 2552, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand, France.
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28
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Zhou L, Zhu A, Lou X, Song D, Yang R, Shi H, Long F. Universal quantum dot-based sandwich-like immunoassay strategy for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of small molecules using portable and reusable optofluidic nano-biosensing platform. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 905:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Transfer Printed Nanomembranes for Heterogeneously Integrated Membrane Photonics. PHOTONICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics2041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Madani A, Kleinert M, Stolarek D, Zimmermann L, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Vertical optical ring resonators fully integrated with nanophotonic waveguides on silicon-on-insulator substrates. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3826-3829. [PMID: 26274670 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate full integration of vertical optical ring resonators with silicon nanophotonic waveguides on silicon-on-insulator substrates to accomplish a significant step toward 3D photonic integration. The on-chip integration is realized by rolling up 2D differentially strained TiO(2) nanomembranes into 3D microtube cavities on a nanophotonic microchip. The integration configuration allows for out-of-plane optical coupling between the in-plane nanowaveguides and the vertical microtube cavities as a compact and mechanically stable optical unit, which could enable refined vertical light transfer in 3D stacks of multiple photonic layers. In this vertical transmission scheme, resonant filtering of optical signals at telecommunication wavelengths is demonstrated based on subwavelength thick-walled microcavities. Moreover, an array of microtube cavities is prepared, and each microtube cavity is integrated with multiple waveguides, which opens up interesting perspectives toward parallel and multi-routing through a single-cavity device as well as high-throughput optofluidic sensing schemes.
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31
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Koch B, Meyer AK, Helbig L, Harazim SM, Storch A, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Dimensionality of Rolled-up Nanomembranes Controls Neural Stem Cell Migration Mechanism. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5530-8. [PMID: 26161791 PMCID: PMC4538455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We employ glass microtube structures fabricated by rolled-up nanotechnology to infer the influence of scaffold dimensionality and cell confinement on neural stem cell (NSC) migration. Thereby, we observe a pronounced morphology change that marks a reversible mesenchymal to amoeboid migration mode transition. Space restrictions preset by the diameter of nanomembrane topography modify the cell shape toward characteristics found in living tissue. We demonstrate the importance of substrate dimensionality for the migration mode of NSCs and thereby define rolled-up nanomembranes as the ultimate tool for single-cell migration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Koch
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Anne K. Meyer
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Division
of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Helbig
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Harazim
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Division
of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for
Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Samuel Sanchez
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute
for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material
Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center
for
Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische
Universität Dresden, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Arayanarakool R, Meyer AK, Helbig L, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Tailoring three-dimensional architectures by rolled-up nanotechnology for mimicking microvasculatures. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2981-2989. [PMID: 26053736 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial microvasculature, particularly as part of the blood-brain barrier, has a high benefit for pharmacological drug discovery and uptake regulation. We demonstrate the fabrication of tubular structures with patterns of holes, which are capable of mimicking microvasculatures. By using photolithography, the dimensions of the cylindrical scaffolds can be precisely tuned as well as the alignment and size of holes. Overlapping holes can be tailored to create diverse three-dimensional configurations, for example, periodic nanoscaled apertures. The porous tubes, which can be made from diverse materials for differential functionalization, are biocompatible and can be modified to be biodegradable in the culture medium. As a proof of concept, endothelial cells (ECs) as well as astrocytes were cultured on these scaffolds. They form monolayers along the scaffolds, are guided by the array of holes and express tight junctions. Nanoscaled filaments of cells on these scaffolds were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This work provides the basic concept mainly for an in vitro model of microvasculature which could also be possibly implanted in vivo due to its biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rerngchai Arayanarakool
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraβe 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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33
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Magdanz V, Koch B, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Sperm dynamics in tubular confinement. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:781-785. [PMID: 25356740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An on-chip system that mimics tubular microenvironments is presented for the study of spermatozoa motion in confinement. Using rolled up transparent silicon oxide/dioxide microtubes, the influence of tube diameter on the velocity, directionality, and linearity of spermatozoa is investigated. Tubular microenvironments of diameters 20-45 μm facilitate sperm migration through channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Magdanz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
In this Focus article, I will give an overview on the current and future interests of our multidisciplinary research group. One of our main interests is to develop highly integrated on-chip components towards ultra-compact devices for biosensing technologies (lab-in-a-tube). Our other activities are focused in developing self-powered devices that can generate either motion of a fluid or autonomous propulsion. We are particularly interested in three-dimensional (3D) nanofabrication technologies and stimuli responsive soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sánchez
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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35
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Long F, Zhu A, Shi H, Sheng J, Zhao Z. Adsorption kinetics of pesticide in soil assessed by optofluidics-based biosensing platform. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:615-620. [PMID: 25462305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of pesticides in soil is a key process that affects transport, degradation, mobility, and bioaccumulation of these substances. To obtain extensive knowledge regarding the adsorption processes of pesticides in the environment, the new green assay technologies for the rapid, sensitive, field-deployable, and accurate quantification of pesticides are required. In the present study, an evanescent wave-based optofluidics biosensing platform (EWOB) was developed by combining advanced photonics and microfluidics technology for the rapid sensitive immunodetection and adsorption kinetics assay of pesticides. The robustness, reusability, and accuracy of the EWOB allow an enhanced prediction of pesticide adsorption kinetics in soil. Using atrazine (ATZ) as the target model, we found that the adsorption kinetics in soil followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. EWOB was compared with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and yielded a good correlation coefficient (r(2)=0.9968). The underestimated results of LC-MS/MS resulted in a higher adsorption constant of ATZ in soil derived from LC-MS/MS than that of a biosensor. The proposed EWOB system provides a simple, green, and powerful tool to investigate the transport mechanism and fate of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Anna Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanchang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Sheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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36
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Cendula P, Malachias A, Deneke C, Kiravittaya S, Schmidt OG. Experimental realization of coexisting states of rolled-up and wrinkled nanomembranes by strain and etching control. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14326-14335. [PMID: 25325245 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-positioned nanomembranes, such as rolled-up tubes and wrinkled thin films, have been potential systems for a variety of applications and basic studies on elastic properties of nanometer-thick systems. Although there is a clear driving force towards elastic energy minimization in each system, the exploration of intermediate states, in which specific characteristics could be chosen by a slight modification of a processing parameter, have not been experimentally realized. In this work, arrays of freestanding III-V nanomembranes (NM) supported on one edge and presenting a coexistence of these two main behaviors were obtained by design of strain conditions in the NMs and controlled selective etching of patterned substrates. As the etching process continues, a mixture of wrinkled and rolled-up states is achieved. For very long etching times an onset of plastic cracks was observed in the points with localized stress. The well-defined morphological periodicity of the relaxed NMs was compared with finite element simulations of their elastic relaxation. The evolution of strain in the NMs with etching time was directly evaluated by X-ray diffraction, providing a comprehensive scenario of transitions among competing and coexisting strain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cendula
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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37
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Trommer J, Böttner S, Li S, Kiravittaya S, Jorgensen MR, Schmidt OG. Observation of higher order radial modes in atomic layer deposition reinforced rolled-up microtube ring resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6335-6338. [PMID: 25361348 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation of the resonator properties of high-quality rolled-up SiO2 optical microtubes reinforced by atomic layer deposition. The evolution of the resonant modes with increasing film thickness and the transition to a multimode regime, including higher order radial modes, is discussed. Measurements and simulations show that the higher order modes exhibit high optical quality and an increased extension of the evanescent field from the resonator into the surrounding matrix, making them a promising solution for future on-chip sensor applications with increased sensitivity.
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39
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Scholten K, Fan X, Zellers ET. A microfabricated optofluidic ring resonator for sensitive, high-speed detection of volatile organic compounds. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3873-3880. [PMID: 25131718 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microanalytical systems for multi-vapor determinations to date have been impeded by limitations associated with the microsensor technologies employed. Here we introduce a microfabricated optofluidic ring resonator (μOFRR) sensor that addresses many of these limitations. The μOFRR combines vapor sensing and fluidic transport functions in a monolithic microstructure comprising a hollow, vertical SiOx cylinder (250 μm i.d., 1.2 μm wall thickness; 85 μm height) with a central quasi-toroidal mode-confinement section, grown and partially released from a Si substrate. The device also integrates on-chip fluidic-interconnection and fiber-optic probe alignment features. High-Q whispering gallery modes generated with a tunable 1550 nm laser exhibit rapid, reversible shifts in resonant wavelength arising from polymer swelling and refractive index changes as vapors partition into the ~300 nm PDMS film lining the cylinder. Steady-state sensor responses varied in proportion to concentration over a 50-fold range for the five organic vapors tested, providing calculated detection limits as low as 0.5 ppm (v/v) (for m-xylene and ethylbenzene). In dynamic exposure tests, responses to 5 μL injected m-xylene vapor pulses were 710 ms wide and were only 18% broader than those from a reference flame-ionization detector and also varied linearly with injected mass; 180 pg was measured and the calculated detection limit was 49 pg without use of preconcentration or split injection, at a flow rate compatible with efficient chromatographic separations. Coupling of this μOFRR with a micromachined gas chromatographic separation column is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Scholten
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USA
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40
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Liu Y, Shi L, Xu X, Zhao P, Wang Z, Pu S, Zhang X. All-optical tuning of a magnetic-fluid-filled optofluidic ring resonator. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3004-3010. [PMID: 24941312 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical tunable optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The all-optical control of a silica microresonator is highly attractive, but it is difficult to realize because of the relatively weak Kerr effect and the absence of a plasma dispersion effect of silica. Here, we infuse a silica microcapillary-based optofluidic ring resonator with a magnetic fluid, into which pump light is injected by a fiber taper. Iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in the magnetic fluid produce a strong pump light absorption, and this leads to a resonance shift of the silica microresonator due to the photothermal effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scheme for all-optical tuning of an OFRR. A tuning sensitivity of up to 0.15 nm mW(-1) and a tuning range of 3.3 nm are achieved. With such excellent performance, the magnetic-fluid-filled OFRR has great potential in filtering, sensing, and signal processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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41
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Madani A, Böttner S, Jorgensen MR, Schmidt OG. Rolled-up TiO₂ optical microcavities for telecom and visible photonics. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:189-192. [PMID: 24562103 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-quality-factor polycrystalline TiO₂ vertically rolled-up microcavities (VRUMs) by the controlled release of differentially strained TiO₂ bilayered nanomembranes, operating at both telecom and visible wavelengths, is reported. Optical characterization of these resonators reveals quality factors as high as 3.8×10³ in the telecom wavelength range (1520-1570 nm) by interfacing a TiO₂ VRUMs with a tapered optical fiber. In addition, a splitting in the fundamental modes is experimentally observed due to the broken rotational symmetry in our resonators. This mode splitting indicates coupling between clockwise and counterclockwise traveling whispering gallery modes of the VRUMs. Moreover, we show that our biocompatible rolled-up TiO₂ resonators function at several positions along the tube, making them promising candidates for multiplexing and biosensing applications.
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Martinez-Cisneros CS, Sanchez S, Xi W, Schmidt OG. Ultracompact three-dimensional tubular conductivity microsensors for ionic and biosensing applications. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2219-24. [PMID: 24655094 PMCID: PMC3985718 DOI: 10.1021/nl500795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present ultracompact three-dimensional tubular structures integrating Au-based electrodes as impedimetric microsensors for the in-flow determination of mono- and divalent ionic species and HeLa cells. The microsensors show an improved performance of 2 orders of magnitude (limit of detection = 0.1 nM for KCl) compared to conventional planar conductivity detection systems integrated in microfluidic platforms and the capability to detect single HeLa cells in flowing phosphate buffered saline. These highly integrated conductivity tubular sensors thus open new possibilities for lab-in-a-tube devices for bioapplications such as biosensing and bioelectronics.
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Zarpellon J, Jurca HF, Varalda J, Deranlot C, George JM, Martins MD, Parreiras SO, Müller C, Mosca DH. Magnetic domains in rolled-up nanomembranes of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Vervacke C, Bof Bufon CC, Thurmer DJ, Schmidt OG. Three-dimensional chemical sensors based on rolled-up hybrid nanomembranes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47200k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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45
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Li J, Zhang J, Gao W, Huang G, Di Z, Liu R, Wang J, Mei Y. Dry-released nanotubes and nanoengines by particle-assisted rolling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3715-3721. [PMID: 23703926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface tension of self-assembled metal nanodroplets can be applied to overcome the deformation barriers of strain-engineered nanomembranes and produce extremely nanoscale tubes. Aggregated nanoparticles stress nanomembranes and subsequently integrate on the walls of rolled-up nanotubes, which can speed up the tubular engines owing to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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46
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Passaro VMN, Troia B, Notte ML, Leonardis FD. Photonic resonant microcavities for chemical and biochemical sensing. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21984k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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47
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Böttner S, Li S, Trommer J, Kiravittaya S, Schmidt OG. Sharp whispering-gallery modes in rolled-up vertical SiO2 microcavities with quality factors exceeding 5000. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:5136-5138. [PMID: 23258030 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.005136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Record high quality (Q) factors of 5400 in vertical microtube ring resonators operated in emission mode are demonstrated. This is achieved by rolling-up a differentially strained SiO2 layer. We also present a theoretical model to investigate the limit of the Q factor. This model especially includes the effect of interlayer voids in the rolled-up geometry, which is found to have a larger effect than scattering due to notches in the spiral shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Böttner
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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48
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Müller C, Bof Bufon CC, Makarov D, Fernandez-Outon LE, Macedo WAA, Schmidt OG, Mosca DH. Tuning giant magnetoresistance in rolled-up Co-Cu nanomembranes by strain engineering. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7155-7160. [PMID: 23069891 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Compact rolled-up Co-Cu nanomembranes of high quality with different numbers of windings are realized by strain engineering. A profound analysis of magnetoresistance (MR) is performed for tubes with a single winding and a varied number of Co-Cu bilayers in the stack. Rolled-up nanomembranes with up to 12 Co-Cu bilayers are successfully fabricated by tailoring the strain state of the Cr bottom layer. By carrying out an angular dependent study, we ruled out the contribution from anisotropic MR and confirm that rolled-up Co-Cu multilayers exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR). No significant difference of MR is found for a single wound tube compared with planar devices. In contrast, MR in tubes with multiple windings is increased at low deposition rates of the Cr bottom layer, whereas the effect is not observable at higher rates, suggesting that interface roughness plays an important role in determining the GMR effect of the rolled-up nanomembranes. Furthermore, besides a linear increase of the MR with the number of windings, the self-rolling of nanomembranes substantially reduces the device footprint area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Müller
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19044, 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil.
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49
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Bolaños Quiñones VA, Ma L, Li S, Jorgensen M, Kiravittaya S, Schmidt OG. Enhanced optical axial confinement in asymmetric microtube cavities rolled up from circular-shaped nanomembranes. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4284-4286. [PMID: 23073438 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cone-like microtube cavities have been fabricated by unevenly rolling-up prestrained SiO/SiO(2) circular-shaped nanomembranes. Spatially localized axial resonant modes are obtained due to an axial confinement mechanism that is defined by the variation of the tube radius and windings along the tube axis. A theoretical model is applied to quantitatively explain and confirm our experimental results.
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50
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Wang J, Zhan T, Huang G, Cui X, Hu X, Mei Y. Tubular oxide microcavity with high-index-contrast walls: Mie scattering theory and 3D confinement of resonant modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:18555-18567. [PMID: 23038494 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.018555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tubular oxide optical microcavities with thin walls (< 100 nm) have been fabricated by releasing pre-stressed Y2O3/ZrO2 bi-layered nanomembranes. Optical characterization demonstrates strong whispering gallery modes with a high quality-factor and fine structures in the visible range, which are due to their high-index-contrast property (high refractive index in thin walls). Moreover, the strong axial light confinement observed in rolled-up circular nanomembranes well agrees with our theoretical calculation by using Mie scattering theory. Novel material design and superior optical resonant properties in such self-rolled micro-tubular cavities promise many potential applications e.g. in optofluidic sensing and lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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