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Wu Y, Qin M, Yang X. Organ bioprinting: progress, challenges and outlook. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10263-10287. [PMID: 37850299 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting, as a groundbreaking technology, enables the fabrication of biomimetic tissues and organs with highly complex structures, multiple cell types, mechanical heterogeneity, and diverse functional gradients. With the growing demand for organ transplantation and the limited number of organ donors, bioprinting holds great promise for addressing the organ shortage by manufacturing completely functional organs. While the bioprinting of complete organs remains a distant goal, there has been considerable progress in the development of bioprinted transplantable tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. This review article recapitulates the current achievements of organ 3D bioprinting, primarily encompassing five important organs in the human body (i.e., the heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and lungs). Challenges from cellular techniques, biomanufacturing technologies, and organ maturation techniques are also deliberated for the broad application of organ bioprinting. In addition, the integration of bioprinting with other cutting-edge technologies including machine learning, organoids, and microfluidics is envisioned, which strives to offer the reader the prospect of bioprinting in constructing functional organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Minghao Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Gaietta G, Swift MF, Volkmann N, Hanein D. Rapid tool for cell nanoarchitecture integrity assessment. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107801. [PMID: 34582983 PMCID: PMC8665072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid increase and accessibility of high-resolution imaging technologies of cells, the interpretation of results relies more and more on the assumption that the three-dimensional integrity of the surrounding cellular landscape is not compromised by the experimental setup. However, the only available technology for directly probing the structural integrity of whole-cell preparations at the nanoscale is electron cryo-tomography, which is time-consuming, costly, and complex. We devised an accessible, inexpensive and reliable screening assay to quickly report on the compatibility of experimental protocols with preserving the structural integrity of whole-cell preparations at the nanoscale. Our Rapid Cell Integrity Assessment (RCIA) assay is executed at room temperature and relies solely on light microscopy imaging. Using cellular electron cryo-tomography as a benchmark, we verify that RCIA accurately unveils the adverse impact of reagents and/or protocols such as those used for virus inactivation or to arrest dynamic processes on the cellular nanoarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels Volkmann
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego CA 92123, USA; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Image Analysis Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego CA 92123, USA; Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Studies of Macromolecular Machines in Cellulo Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
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3
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Chen P, Li S, Guo Y, Zeng X, Liu BF. A review on microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment and its emerging application to cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:94-113. [PMID: 32674786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of extracellular chemical environments with simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses plays an essential role in exploring fundamental biological processes and expands our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Despite the rapid progress and promising successes in manipulation strategies, many challenges remain due to the small size of cells and the rapid diffusion of chemical molecules. Fortunately, emerging microfluidic technology has become a powerful approach for precisely controlling the extracellular chemical microenvironment, which benefits from its integration capacity, automation, and high-throughput capability, as well as its high resolution down to submicron. Here, we summarize recent advances in microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment, including the following aspects: i) Spatial manipulation of chemical microenvironments realized by convection flow-, diffusion-, and droplet-based microfluidics, and surface chemical modification; ii) Temporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments enabled by flow switching/shifting, moving/flowing cells across laminar flows, integrated microvalves/pumps, and droplet manipulation; iii) Spatiotemporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments implemented by a coupling strategy and open-space microfluidics; and iv) High-throughput manipulation of chemical microenvironments. Finally, we briefly present typical applications of the above-mentioned technical advances in cell-based analyses including cell migration, cell signaling, cell differentiation, multicellular analysis, and drug screening. We further discuss the future improvement of microfluidics manipulation of extracellular chemical microenvironments to fulfill the needs of biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Ultrathin glass fiber microprobe for electroporation of arbitrary selected cell groups. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107545. [PMID: 32446151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of ultrathin fiber microprobe for selective electroporation is reported. The microprobe is 10 cm long and has a diameter of 350 µm. This microprobe is a low cost tool, which allows electroporation of an arbitrary selected single cell or groups of cells among population with use of a standard microscope and cell culture plates. The microprobe in its basic form contains two metal microelectrodes made of a silver-copper alloy, running along the fiber, each with a diameter of 23 µm. The probe was tested in vitro on a population of normal and cancer cells. Successful targeted electroporation was observed by means of accumulation of trypan blue (TB) dye marker in the cell. The electroporation phenomenon was also verified with propidium iodide and AnnexinV in fluorescent microscopy.
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Microbial Nanocellulose Printed Circuit Boards for Medical Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20072047. [PMID: 32268471 PMCID: PMC7181041 DOI: 10.3390/s20072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the viability of using ultra-thin sheets of microbially grown nanocellulose to build functional medical sensors. Microbially grown nanocellulose is an interesting alternative to plastics, as it is hydrophilic, biocompatible, porous, and hydrogen bonding, thereby allowing the potential development of new application routes. Exploiting the distinguishing properties of this material enables us to develop solution-based processes to create nanocellulose printed circuit boards, allowing a variety of electronics to be mounted onto our nanocellulose. As proofs of concept, we have demonstrated applications in medical sensing such as heart rate monitoring and temperature sensing-potential applications fitting the wide-ranging paradigm of a future where the Internet of Things is dominant.
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Wimberger T, Peham JR, Ehmoser EK, Wassermann KJ. Controllable cell manipulation in a microfluidic pipette-tip design using capacitive coupling of electric fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3997-4006. [PMID: 31667478 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems designed toward cell manipulation by electric fields are inherently challenged by energy dissipation along the electrode-electrolyte interface. A promising remedy is the introduction of high-k electrode passivation, enabling efficient capacitive coupling of electric fields into biological samples. We present the implementation of this strategy in a reusable pipette tip design featuring a 10 μl chamber volume for life science applications. Prototype validation and comparison to conductive gold-coated electrodes reveal a consistent and controllable biological effect that significantly increases the reproducibility of lysis events. The system provides precise descriptions of HEK-293 lysis dependency to variables such as field strength, frequency, and conductivity. Over 80% of cells were reversibly electroporated with minimal electrical lysis over a broad range of field settings. Successful transfection requires exponential decay pulses and showcases how modulating capacitive coupling can advance our understanding of fundamental mechanics in the field of electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Wimberger
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria. and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes R Peham
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens J Wassermann
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
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Jesorka A, Põldsalu I, Gözen I. Microfluidic technology for investigation of protein function in single adherent cells. Methods Enzymol 2019; 628:145-172. [PMID: 31668227 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Instrumental techniques and associated methods for single cell analysis, designed to investigate and measure a broad range of cellular parameters in search of unique features, address key limitations of conventional cell-based assays with their ensemble average response. While many different single cell techniques exist for suspension cultures, which can process and characterize large numbers of individual cells in rapid succession, the access to surface-immobilized cells in typical 2D and 3D culture environments remains challenging. Open space microfluidics has created new possibilities in this area, allowing for exclusive access to single cells in adherent cultures, even at high confluency. In this chapter, we briefly review new microtechnologies for the investigation of protein function in single adherent cells, and present an overview over related recent applications of the multifunctional pipette (Biopen), a microfluidic multi-solution dispensing system that uses hydrodynamic confinement in open volume environments in order to establish a superfusion zone over selected single cells in adherent cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Inga Põldsalu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irep Gözen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Quantitative microimmunohistochemistry for the grading of immunostains on tumour tissues. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:478-490. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Isolated microfluidic stagnation points – formed within microfluidic interfaces – have come a long way as a tool for characterizing materials, manipulating micro particles, and generating confined flows and localized chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T. Brimmo
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering
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Abstract
Here, we present a review of recent advances in electroporation for the delivery of nanomedicine as intracellular carriers by electroporation (NICE) in a drug format with functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
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11
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Hokkanen A, Stuns I, Schmid P, Kokkonen A, Gao F, Steinecker A, Budczies J, Heimala P, Hakalahti L. Microfluidic sampling system for tissue analytics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054109. [PMID: 26421088 PMCID: PMC4575324 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a microfluidics based sampling system for tissue analytics. The proof-of-concept of the sampling system was demonstrated by extracting lipid samples from tissue biopsies. The sample collection system consists of a disposable silicon based multiport microneedle integrated with polymer microfluidics. The polymethyl methacrylate polymer microfluidic chip has a 10 μl sample reservoir and actuation membranes for liquid pumping. A special automated robotic system was developed to control the positioning of the needle and the sampling procedure on preselected spots on the tissue. Real breast cancer tissue samples were used to test the feasibility of the sampling system. We successfully measured indicative cancer biomarkers from the tissue surface. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphoethanolamine were extracted from the tissue membrane with methyl tert-butyl ether solvent and detected by mass spectrometry. In the future, this tool could be used in characterization of preoperative biopsies and tumour tissues removed during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hokkanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Tietotie 3, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - I Stuns
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Tietotie 3, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - P Schmid
- CSEM Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology , Untere Gründlistrasse 1, CH-6055 Alpnach, Switzerland
| | - A Kokkonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Kaitoväylä 1, 02044 VTT, Oulu, Finland
| | - F Gao
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Tietotie 3, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - A Steinecker
- CSEM Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology , Untere Gründlistrasse 1, CH-6055 Alpnach, Switzerland
| | - J Budczies
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Heimala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Tietotie 3, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - L Hakalahti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Kaitoväylä 1, 02044 VTT, Oulu, Finland
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Spatial characterization of a multifunctional pipette for drug delivery in hippocampal brain slices. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 241:132-6. [PMID: 25554414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the various fluidic control technologies, microfluidic devices are becoming powerful tools for pharmacological studies using brain slices, since these devices overcome traditional limitations of conventional submerged slice chambers, leading to better spatiotemporal control over delivery of drugs to specific regions in the slices. However, microfluidic devices are not yet fully optimized for such studies. NEW METHOD We have recently developed a multifunctional pipette (MFP), a free standing hydrodynamically confined microfluidic device, which provides improved spatiotemporal control over drug delivery to biological tissues. RESULTS We demonstrate herein the ability of the MFP to selectively perfuse one dendritic layer in the CA1 region of hippocampus with CNQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist, while not affecting the other layers in this region. Our experiments also illustrate the essential role of hydrodynamic confinement in sharpening the spatial selectivity in brain slice experiments. Concentration-response measurements revealed that the ability of the MFP to control local drug concentration is comparable with that of whole slice perfusion, while in comparison the required amounts of active compounds can be reduced by several orders of magnitude. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The multifunctional pipette is applied with an angle, which, compared to other hydrodynamically confined microfluidic devices, provides more accessible space for other probing and imaging techniques. CONCLUSIONS Using the MFP it will be possible to study selected regions of brain slices, integrated with various imaging and probing techniques, without affecting the other parts of the slices.
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Trouillon R, Passarelli MK, Wang J, Kurczy ME, Ewing AG. Chemical Analysis of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 85:522-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303290s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa K. Passarelli
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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