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Li Q, Ye Z, Liu M, Liu W, Zhang P, Sun X, Zhang H, Li Z, Gui L. Precision enhanced alignment bonding technique with sacrificial strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1105154. [PMID: 36873376 PMCID: PMC9978516 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes an "N2-1" sacrificial strategy to help to improve the accuracy of the bonding technique from the existing level. The target micropattern is copied N2 times, and (N2-1) of them are sacrificed to obtain the most accurate alignment. Meanwhile, a method for manufacturing auxiliary solid alignment lines on transparent materials is proposed to visualize auxiliary marks and facilitate the alignment. Though the principle and procedure of alignment are straightforward, the alignment accuracy substantially improved compared to the original method. With this technique, we have successfully fabricated a high-precision 3D electroosmotic micropump just using a conventional desktop aligner. Because of the high precision during the alignment, the flow velocity is up to 435.62 μm/s at a driven voltage of 40 V, which far exceeds the previous similar reports. Thus, we believe that it has great potential for high precision microfluidic device fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Terrell JA, Jones CG, Kabandana GKM, Chen C. From cells-on-a-chip to organs-on-a-chip: scaffolding materials for 3D cell culture in microfluidics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6667-6685. [PMID: 32567628 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is an emerging research area to integrate scaffolding materials in microfluidic devices for 3D cell culture (organs-on-a-chip). The technology of organs-on-a-chip holds the potential to obviate the gaps between pre-clinical and clinical studies. As accumulating evidence shows the importance of extracellular matrix in in vitro cell culture, significant efforts have been made to integrate 3D ECM/scaffolding materials in microfluidics. There are two families of materials that are commonly used for this purpose: hydrogels and electrospun fibers. In this review, we briefly discuss the properties of the materials, and focus on the various technologies to obtain the materials (e.g. extraction of collagen from animal tissues) and to include the materials in microfluidic devices. Challenges and potential solutions of the current materials and technologies were also thoroughly discussed. At the end, we provide a perspective on future efforts to make these technologies more translational to broadly benefit pharmaceutical and pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Terrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 21250, MD, USA.
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Fabrication of a Novel Culture Dish Adapter with a Small Recess Structure for Flow Control in a Closed Environment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture medium replacement is necessary to replenish nutrients and remove waste products, and perfusion and batch media exchange methods are available. The former can establish an environment similar to that in vivo, and microfluidic devices are frequently used. However, these methods are hampered by incompatibility with commercially available circular culture dishes and the difficulty in controlling liquid flow. Here, we fabricated a culture dish adapter using polydimethylsiloxane that has a small recess structure for flow control compatible with commercially available culture dishes. We designed U-shaped and I-shaped recess structure adapters and we examined the effects of groove structure on medium flow using simulation. We found that the U-shaped and I-shaped structures allowed a uniform and uneven flow of medium, respectively. We then applied these adaptors to 293T cell culture and examined the effects of recess structures on cell proliferation. As expected, cell proliferation was similar in each area of a dish in the U-shaped structure adapter, whereas in the early flow area in the I-shaped structure adapter, it was significantly higher. In summary, we succeeded in controlling liquid flow in culture dishes with the fabricated adapter, as well as in applying the modulation of culture medium flow to control cell culture.
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Mogi K. A Visualization Technique of a Unique pH Distribution around an Ion Depletion Zone in a Microchannel by Using a Dual-Excitation Ratiometric Method. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040167. [PMID: 30424100 PMCID: PMC6187760 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ion depletion zone of ion concentration polarization has a strong potential to act as an immaterial barrier, separating delicate submicron substances, including biomolecules, without causing physical damage. However, the detailed mechanisms of the barrier effect remain incompletely understood because it is difficult to visualize the linked behavior of protons, cations, anions, and charged molecules in the thin ion depletion zone. In this study, pH distribution in an ion depletion zone was measured to estimate the role of proton behavior. This was done in order to use it as a tool with good controllability for biomolecule handling in the future. As a result, a unique pH peak was observed at several micrometers distance from the microchannel wall. The position of the peak appeared to be in agreement with the boundary of the ion depletion zone. From this agreement, it is expected that the pH peak has a causal connection to the barrier effect of the ion depletion zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Mogi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (Molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
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A Novel Fabrication Technique for Liquid-Tight Microchannels by Combination of a Paraffin Polymer and a Photo-Curable Silicone Elastomer. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080621. [PMID: 28773742 PMCID: PMC5509039 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and growth of microfluidics has been mainly based on various novel fabrication techniques for downsizing and integration of the micro/nano components. Especially, an effective fabrication technique of three-dimensional structures still continues to be strongly required in order to improve device performance, functionality, and device packing density because the conventional lamination-based technique for integrating several two-dimensional components is not enough to satisfy the requirement. Although three-dimensional printers have a high potential for becoming an effective tool to fabricate a three-dimensional microstructure, a leak caused by the roughness of a low-precision structure made by a 3D printer is a critical problem when the microfluidic device is composed of several parts. To build a liquid-tight microchannel on such a low-precision structure, we developed a novel assembly technique in which a paraffin polymer was used as a mold for a microchannel of photo-curable silicone elastomer on a rough surface. The shape and roughness of the molded microchannel was in good agreement with the master pattern. Additionally, the seal performance of the microchannel was demonstrated by an experiment of electrophoresis in the microchannel built on a substrate which has a huge roughness and a joint.
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Kang DK, Gong X, Cho S, Kim JY, Edel JB, Chang SI, Choo J, deMello AJ. 3D Droplet Microfluidic Systems for High-Throughput Biological Experimentation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10770-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ku Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuqing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soongwon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Ik Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongjoo 361-763, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Sa-3-dong 1271, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South
Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Jang JH, Huang Y, Zheng P, Jo MC, Bertolet G, Zhu MX, Qin L, Liu D. Imaging of Cell-Cell Communication in a Vertical Orientation Reveals High-Resolution Structure of Immunological Synapse and Novel PD-1 Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1320-30. [PMID: 26123352 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse (IS) is one of the most pivotal communication strategies in immune cells. Understanding the molecular basis of the IS provides critical information regarding how immune cells mount an effective immune response. Fluorescence microscopy provides a fundamental tool to study the IS. However, current imaging techniques for studying the IS cannot sufficiently achieve high resolution in real cell-cell conjugates. In this study, we present a new device that allows for high-resolution imaging of the IS with conventional confocal microscopy in a high-throughput manner. Combining micropits and single-cell trap arrays, we have developed a new microfluidic platform that allows visualization of the IS in vertically "stacked" cells. Using this vertical cell pairing (VCP) system, we investigated the dynamics of the inhibitory synapse mediated by an inhibitory receptor, programed death protein-1, and the cytotoxic synapse at the single-cell level. In addition to the technique innovation, we have demonstrated novel biological findings by this VCP device, including novel distribution of F-actin and cytolytic granules at the IS, programed death protein-1 microclusters at the NK IS, and kinetics of cytotoxicity. We propose that this high-throughput, cost-effective, easy-to-use VCP system, along with conventional imaging techniques, can be used to address a number of significant biological questions in a variety of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Jang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Myeong Chan Jo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Grant Bertolet
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Michael Xi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
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Mogi K, Hashimoto Y, Tsukahara T, Terano M, Yoshino M, Yamamoto T. Nanometer-level high-accuracy molding using a photo-curable silicone elastomer by suppressing thermal shrinkage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocured elastomer presented here provided extremely high replication accuracy due to its thermal shrinkage of less than 0.02%, compared to 2.91% in the heat-cured elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Mogi
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsukahara
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Motoki Terano
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Yoshino
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
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