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Sinha P, Kumar Yadav A. Structural, Electronic, Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel Hetero Oxetane Ring Compound. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Novel 3 H -[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- c ]pyridine derivatives as GPR119 agonists: Synthesis and structure-activity/solubility relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4339-4354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hintermann S, Guntermann C, Mattes H, Carcache DA, Wagner J, Vulpetti A, Billich A, Dawson J, Kaupmann K, Kallen J, Stringer R, Orain D. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Triazolo- and Imidazolopyridine RORγt Inverse Agonists. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2640-2648. [PMID: 27902884 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a key transcription factor implicated in the production of pro-inflammatory Th17 cytokines, which drive a number of autoimmune diseases. Despite diverse chemical series having been reported, combining high potency with a good physicochemical profile has been a very challenging task in the RORγt inhibitor field. Based on available chemical structures and incorporating in-house knowledge, a new series of triazolo- and imidazopyridine RORγt inverse agonists was designed. In addition, replacement of the terminal cyclopentylamide metabolic soft spot by five-membered heterocycles was investigated. From our efforts, we identified an optimal 6,7,8-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine core system and a 5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole as cyclopentylamide replacement leading to compounds 10 ((S)-N-(8-((4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide) and 33 ((S)-N-(8-((4-(5-(tert-butyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide). Both derivatives showed good pharmacological potencies in biochemical and cell-based assays combined with excellent physicochemical properties, including low to medium plasma protein binding across species. Finally, 10 and 33 were shown to be active in a rodent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model after oral gavage at 15 mg kg-1 , lowering IL-17 cytokine production in ex vivo antigen recall assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hintermann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Guntermann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henri Mattes
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A Carcache
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Wagner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Billich
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Kaupmann
- ATI, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Kallen
- CPC, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rowan Stringer
- MAP, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Orain
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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Rioux N, Duncan KW, Lantz RJ, Miao X, Chan-Penebre E, Moyer MP, Munchhof MJ, Copeland RA, Chesworth R, Waters NJ. Species differences in metabolism of EPZ015666, an oxetane-containing protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:268-77. [PMID: 26294260 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1072253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
1. Metabolite profiling and identification studies were conducted to understand the cross-species differences in the metabolic clearance of EPZ015666, a first-in-class protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) inhibitor, with anti-proliferative effects in preclinical models of Mantle Cell Lymphoma. EPZ015666 exhibited low clearance in human, mouse and rat liver microsomes, in part by introduction of a 3-substituted oxetane ring on the molecule. In contrast, a higher clearance was observed in dog liver microsomes (DLM) that translated to a higher in vivo clearance in dog compared with rodent. 2. Structure elucidation via high resolution, accurate mass LC-MS(n) revealed that the prominent metabolites of EPZ015666 were present in hepatocytes from all species, with the highest turnover rate in dogs. M1 and M2 resulted from oxidative oxetane ring scission, whereas M3 resulted from loss of the oxetane ring via an N-dealkylation reaction. 3. The formation of M1 and M2 in DLM was significantly abrogated in the presence of the specific CYP2D inhibitor, quinidine, and to a lesser extent by the CYP3A inhibitor, ketoconazole, corroborating data from human recombinant isozymes. 4. Our data indicate a marked species difference in the metabolism of the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666, with oxetane ring scission the predominant metabolic pathway in dog mediated largely by CYP2D.
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Li XQ, Hayes MA, Grönberg G, Berggren K, Castagnoli N, Weidolf L. Discovery of a Novel Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase-Catalyzed Hydration of a Spiro Oxetane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1341-8. [PMID: 27256986 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxetane moieties are increasingly being used by the pharmaceutical industry as building blocks in drug candidates because of their pronounced ability to improve physicochemical parameters and metabolic stability of drug candidates. The enzymes that catalyze the biotransformation of the oxetane moiety are, however, not well studied. The in vitro metabolism of a spiro oxetane-containing compound AZD1979 [(3-(4-(2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)(5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanone] was studied and one of its metabolites, M1, attracted our interest because its formation was NAD(P)H independent. The focus of this work was to elucidate the structure of M1 and to understand the mechanism(s) of its formation. We established that M1 was formed via hydration and ring opening of the oxetanyl moiety of AZD1979. Incubations of AZD1979 using various human liver subcellular fractions revealed that the hydration reaction leading to M1 occurred mainly in the microsomal fraction. The underlying mechanism as a hydration, rather than an oxidation reaction, was supported by the incorporation of (18)O from H2 (18)O into M1. Enzyme kinetics were performed probing the formation of M1 in human liver microsomes. The formation of M1 was substantially inhibited by progabide, a microsomal epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, but not by trans-4-[4-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. On the basis of these results, we propose that microsomal epoxide hydrolase catalyzes the formation of M1. The substrate specificity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase should therefore be expanded to include not only epoxides but also the oxetanyl ring system present in AZD1979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Li
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
| | - Kristina Berggren
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
| | - Neal Castagnoli
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
| | - Lars Weidolf
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases(X.-Q.L., M.A.H., L.W.) and Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease (G.G., K.B.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.C.)
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Ritter K, Buning C, Halland N, Pöverlein C, Schwink L. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 (GPR119) Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetes: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges. J Med Chem 2015; 59:3579-92. [PMID: 26512410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, recent advances and challenges in the development of GPR119 agonists as new oral antidiabetic drugs will be discussed. Such agonists are expected to exhibit a low risk to induce hypoglycemia as well as to have a beneficial impact on body weight. Many pharmaceutical companies have been active in the search for GPR119 agonists, making it a highly competitive area in the industrial environment. Several GPR119 agonists have been entered into clinical studies, but many have failed either in phase I or II and none has progressed beyond phase II. Herein we describe the strategies chosen by the different medicinal chemistry teams in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to improve potency, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and the safety profile of GPR119 agonists in the discovery phase in order to improve the odds for successful development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Ritter
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Building G838, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Buning
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Building G838, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nis Halland
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Building G838, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Pöverlein
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Building G838, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lothar Schwink
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Building G838, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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Scott JS, Bowker SS, Brocklehurst KJ, Brown HS, Clarke DS, Easter A, Ertan A, Goldberg K, Hudson JA, Kavanagh S, Laber D, Leach AG, MacFaul PA, Martin EA, McKerrecher D, Schofield P, Svensson PH, Teague J. Circumventing Seizure Activity in a Series of G Protein Coupled Receptor 119 (GPR119) Agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8984-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Suzanne S. Bowker
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Katy J. Brocklehurst
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Hayley S. Brown
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David S. Clarke
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Alison Easter
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Anne Ertan
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Kristin Goldberg
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Julian A. Hudson
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Stefan Kavanagh
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David Laber
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Philip A. MacFaul
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Elizabeth A. Martin
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Darren McKerrecher
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Paul Schofield
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Per H. Svensson
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Joanne Teague
- Innovative
Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
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Scott JS, Brocklehurst KJ, Brown HS, Clarke DS, Coe H, Groombridge SD, Laber D, MacFaul PA, McKerrecher D, Schofield P. Conformational restriction in a series of GPR119 agonists: differences in pharmacology between mouse and human. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3175-9. [PMID: 23628336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of conformationally restricted GPR119 agonists were prepared based around a 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold. Examples were found to have markedly different pharmacology in mouse and human despite similar levels of binding to the receptor. This highlights the large effects on GPCR phamacology that can result from small structural changes in the ligand, together with inter-species differences between receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
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