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Su Y, Wang Z, Legrand A, Aoyama T, Ma N, Wang W, Otake KI, Urayama K, Horike S, Kitagawa S, Furukawa S, Gu C. Hypercrosslinked Polymer Gels as a Synthetic Hybridization Platform for Designing Versatile Molecular Separators. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6861-6870. [PMID: 35315656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), amorphous microporous three-dimensional networks based on covalent linkage of organic building blocks, are a promising class of materials due to their high surface area and easy functionalization; however, this type of material lacks processability due to its network rigidity based on covalent crosslinking. Indeed, the development of strategies to improve its solution processability for broader applications remains challenging. Although HCPs have similar three-dimensionally crosslinked networks to polymer gels, HCPs usually do not form gels but insoluble powders. Herein, we report the synthesis of HCP gels from a thermally induced polymerization of a tetrahedral monomer, which undergoes consecutive solubilization, covalent bond formation, colloidal formation, followed by their aggregation and percolation to yield a hierarchically porous network. The resulting gels feature concentration-dependent hierarchical porosities and mechanical stiffness. Furthermore, these HCP gels can be used as a platform to achieve molecular-level hybridization with a two-dimensional polymer during the HCP gel formation. This method provides functional gels and corresponding aerogels with the enhancement of porosities and mechanical stiffness. Used in column- and membrane-based molecular separation systems, the hybrid gels exhibited a separation of water contaminants with the efficiency of 97.9 and 98.6% for methylene blue and KMnO4, respectively. This result demonstrated the potentials of the HCP gels and their hybrid derivatives in separation systems requiring macroscopic scaffolds with hierarchical porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Nattapol Ma
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Weitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Ichi Otake
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horike
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Lago AB, Pino-Cuevas A, Carballo R, Vázquez-López EM. Effect of N-salicylidene hydrazide protonation on the solid state structural diversity of its Cu( ii), Ni( ii) and Zn( ii) complexes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Study of the effect of ligand protonation on the structural diversity of Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) compounds constructed from a N-salicylidenehydrazide Ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Lago
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS)-Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
- Departamento de Química
| | - Arantxa Pino-Cuevas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS)-Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - Rosa Carballo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS)-Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - Ezequiel M. Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS)-Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
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3
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Wang Y, Gu Y, Keeler EG, Park JV, Griffin RG, Johnson JA. Star PolyMOCs with Diverse Structures, Dynamics, and Functions by Three-Component Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:188-192. [PMID: 27918135 PMCID: PMC5204178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report star polymer metal-organic cage (polyMOC) materials whose structures, mechanical properties, functionalities, and dynamics can all be precisely tailored through a simple three-component assembly strategy. The star polyMOC network is composed of tetra-arm star polymers functionalized with ligands on the chain ends, small molecule ligands, and palladium ions; polyMOCs are formed via metal-ligand coordination and thermal annealing. The ratio of small molecule ligands to polymer-bound ligands determines the connectivity of the MOC junctions and the network structure. The use of large M12 L24 MOCs enables great flexibility in tuning this ratio, which provides access to a rich spectrum of material properties including tunable moduli and relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Eric G. Keeler
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Jiwon V. Park
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
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Wang Y, Gu Y, Keeler EG, Park JV, Griffin RG, Johnson JA. Star PolyMOCs with Diverse Structures, Dynamics, and Functions by Three‐Component Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Chemistry the University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Eric G. Keeler
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jiwon V. Park
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
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Wang Y, Zhong M, Park JV, Zhukhovitskiy AV, Shi W, Johnson JA. Block Co-PolyMOCs by Stepwise Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10708-15. [PMID: 27463766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a stepwise assembly strategy for the integration of metal-organic cages (MOCs) into block copolymers (BCPs). This approach creates "block co-polyMOC" (BCPMOC) materials whose microscopic structures and mechanical properties are readily tunable by adjusting the size and geometry of the MOCs and the composition of the BCPs. In the first assembly step, BCPs functionalized with a pyridyl ligand on the chain end form star-shaped polymers triggered by metal-coordination-induced MOC assembly. The type of MOC junction employed precisely determines the number of arms for the star polymer. In the second step, microphase separation of the BCP is induced, physically cross-linking the star polymers and producing the desired BCPMOC networks in the bulk or gel state. We demonstrate that large spherical M12L24 MOCs, small paddlewheel M2L4 MOCs, or a mixture of both can be incorporated into BCPMOCs to provide materials with tailored branch functionality, phase separation, microdomain spacing, and mechanical properties. Given the synthetic and functional diversity of MOCs and BCPs, our method should enable access to BCPMOCs for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiwon V Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Weichao Shi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wu Z, Wang J, Han L, Lin R, Liu H, Xin HL, Wang D. Supramolecular gel-assisted synthesis of double shelled Co@CoO@N-C/C nanoparticles with synergistic electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4681-4687. [PMID: 26853996 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigating active, stable, and low-cost materials for the oxygen reduction reaction is one of the key challenges in fuel-cell research. In this work, we describe the formation of N-doped carbon shell coated Co@CoO nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon materials (Co@CoO@N-C/C) based on a simple supramolecular gel-assisted method. The double-shelled Co@CoO@N-C/C core-shell nanoparticles exhibit superior electrocatalytic activities for the oxygen reduction reaction compared to N-doped carbon and cobalt oxides, demonstrating the synergistic effect of the hybrid nanomaterials. Notably, the Co@CoO@N-C/C nanoparticles give rise to a comparable four-electron selectivity, long-term stability, and high methanol tolerance; all show a multi-fold improvement over the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The progress is of great importance in exploring advanced non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Lili Han
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Zhukhovitskiy AV, Zhong M, Keeler EG, Michaelis VK, Sun JEP, Hore MJA, Pochan DJ, Griffin RG, Willard AP, Johnson JA. Highly branched and loop-rich gels via formation of metal-organic cages linked by polymers. Nat Chem 2016; 8:33-41. [PMID: 26673262 PMCID: PMC5418868 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gels formed via metal-ligand coordination typically have very low branch functionality, f, as they consist of ∼2-3 polymer chains linked to single metal ions that serve as junctions. Thus, these materials are very soft and unable to withstand network defects such as dangling ends and loops. We report here a new class of gels assembled from polymeric ligands and metal-organic cages (MOCs) as junctions. The resulting 'polyMOC' gels are precisely tunable and may feature increased branch functionality. We show two examples of such polyMOCs: a gel with a low f based on a M2L4 paddlewheel cluster junction and a compositionally isomeric one of higher f based on a M12L24 cage. The latter features large shear moduli, but also a very large number of elastically inactive loop defects that we subsequently exchanged for functional ligands, with no impact on the gel's shear modulus. Such a ligand substitution is not possible in gels of low f, including the M2L4-based polyMOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jessie E P Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Wei SC, Pan M, Fan YZ, Liu H, Zhang J, Su CY. Creating Coordination-Based Cavities in a Multiresponsive Supramolecular Gel. Chemistry 2015; 21:7418-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Qian H, Aprahamian I. An emissive and pH switchable hydrazone-based hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11158-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pH sensitivity of an emissive hydrazone-based gel can be used in monitoring the biogenic amines emanating from spoiled cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- Dartmouth College
- Hanover
- USA
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10
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Knichal JV, Gee WJ, Burrows AD, Raithby PR, Wilson CC. A new small molecule gelator and 3D framework ligator of lead(ii). CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01689d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new allene dicarboxylate ligand reacts with hydrated lead(ii) acetate in DMF to yield either a crystalline 3D framework or a metallogel dependent on the reaction temperature.
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Abstract
The hydrazone functional group has been extensively studied and used in the context of supramolecular chemistry. Its pervasiveness and versatility can be attributed to its ease of synthesis, modularity, and most importantly unique structural properties, which enable its integration in different applications. This review provides an overview of the utilization of hydrazones in three supramolecular chemistry related areas: molecular switches, metallo-assemblies and sensors. These topics were chosen because they highlight the diversity of hydrazones, and emphasize their uniqueness vis-à-vis the imine functional group. Discussion entails (i) chemical and light activated switching of hydrazones, and how this can be used in controlling the properties of self-assembled systems, (ii) the use of hydrazones in the formation of dynamic and stimuli responsive metallogrids, and (iii) the use of hydrazones in detecting metal cations (Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+), etc.), anions (F(-), CN(-), P2O7(4-), etc.) and neutral molecules (amines, water, Cys, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Benito Q, Fargues A, Garcia A, Maron S, Gacoin T, Boilot JP, Perruchas S, Camerel F. Photoactive Hybrid Gelators Based on a Luminescent Inorganic [Cu4I4] Cluster Core. Chemistry 2013; 19:15831-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Gels through Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Discrete Rhomboidal Metallacycles. Chemistry 2013; 19:10094-100. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hardy JG. Metallosupramolecular grid complexes: towards nanostructured materials with high-tech applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7881-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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