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Liu Y, Tang M, Lai Y, Huang W, Tang Y. Site-Selective Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Diamines toward Aminoazo Compounds. Org Lett 2023; 25:1061-1065. [PMID: 36779577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A selective oxidative coupling reaction of a diamine containing both C- and N-NH2 was achieved using acidic potassium permanganate as the coupling reagent. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the reaction selectivity was illustrated by quantum calculations. Furthermore, the azo-coupled product was derivatized to four nitroamine energetic materials with excellent detonation performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuan Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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2
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Bauer J, Benz M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. Chemistry of 2,5-diaminotetrazole. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11806-11813. [PMID: 35861528 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Diaminotetrazole is one of the most prominent high-nitrogen tetrazole compounds described in the literature. Interestingly the isomer 2,5-diaminotetrazole is nearly undescribed due to its challenging synthetic routes. 2,5-Diaminotetrazol (1) was successfully synthesized via amination of 5-aminotetrazole followed by various purification steps to separate it from isomeric 1,5-diaminotetrazole. In addition to the extensive characterization of 2,5-DAT further derivates by protonation, methylation and amination of the tetrazole ring were synthesized and characterized. The resulting tri-functionalized, ionic tetrazolium derivatives were combined with energetic anions (nitrate, perchlorate, azide, 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (BTO2-)) to adjust and tune the properties of each compound. All compounds were intensively characterized including IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis through DTA, X-ray diffraction and sensitivity testing. The purity was verified by CHNO elemental analysis and the energetic properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 code and the calculated enthalpy of formation (CBS-4M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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3
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Benz M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J, Voggenreiter M. Synthesis and Characterization of Binary, Highly Endothermic, and Extremely Sensitive 2,2'-Azobis(5-azidotetrazole). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6143-6147. [PMID: 35358389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Azobis(5-azidotetrazole) (C2N16, 3), a highly energetic nitrogen-rich binary CN compound was obtained in a three-step synthesis through the formation of 5-azidotetrazole (1), subsequent amination using O-tosylhydroxylamine to give 2-amino-5-azidotetrazole (2), and oxidative azo coupling of 2 using tBuOCl as an oxidant in MeCN. A nitrogen:carbon ratio of 8:1, eight nitrogen atoms in a row, and a nitrogen content of over 90% was unknown for a binary heterocyclic compound until now. The successful isolation was confirmed through X-ray diffraction as well as by vibrational and 13C NMR spectroscopy. C2N16 can explode instantly and shows mechanical sensitivities far higher than quantitatively measurable. Nevertheless, it features interesting energetic performances, which were calculated using different quantum-chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Voggenreiter
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13(D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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4
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Benz M, Gruhne MS, Klapötke TM, Krüger N, Lenz T, Lommel M, Stierstorfer J. Evolving the Scope of 5,5’‐Azobistetrazoles in the Search for High Performing Green Energetic Materials. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Michael S. Gruhne
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Nina Krüger
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Tobias Lenz
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Marcus Lommel
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 München Germany
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5
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Fischer D, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J, Szimhardt N. 1,1′‐Nitramino‐5,5′‐bitetrazoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:4966-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Fischer
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Norbert Szimhardt
- Department of Chemistry Energetic Materials Research Ludwig Maximilian University Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
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6
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Mi Z, Bi YG, Feng YA, Zhang T. Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of 3, 4′-Bis-1H-1, 2,4-triazolium Picrate Salt: A New High-Energy Density Material. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Huang H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Yang J. 1,2,4,5-Dioxadiazine-functionalized [N–NO2]− furazan energetic salts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15382-15389. [PMID: 27603696 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4,5-Dioxadiazine is identified as a key bridge to improve the density and detonation performance of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Bi YG, Feng YA, Li Y, Wu BD, Zhang TL. Synthesis, structure, and thermal decomposition of two copper coordination compounds [Cu(DAT)2(PA)2] and [Cu(DAT)2(HTNR)2] with nitrogen rich 1,5-diaminotetrazole (DAT). J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.981167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong-An Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bi-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
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9
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Tang Y, Yang H, Shen J, Wu B, Ju X, Lu C, Cheng G. 4‐(1‐Amino‐5‐aminotetrazolyl)methyleneimino‐3‐methylfuroxan and Its Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Jianhua Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Xuehai Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Chunxu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, http://www.njust.edu.cn/
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Wu BD, Bi YG, Zhou MR, Zhang TL, Yang L, Zhou ZN, Zhang JG. Stable High-Nitrogen Energetic Trinuclear Compounds based on 4-Amino-3, 5-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole: Synthesis, Structures, Thermal and Explosive Properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Wu BD, Li FG, Zhang TL, Yang L, Zhou ZN, Zhang JG. Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Decomposition of the Four-coordinated Zinc Compound Based on 1,5-Diaminotetrazole. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Underwood CJ, Wall C, Provatas A, Wallace L. New high nitrogen compounds azoxytriazolone (AZTO) and azotriazolone (azoTO) as insensitive energetic materials. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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