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Siribbal SM, Ilyas S, Renner AM, Iqbal S, Muñoz Vázquez S, Moawia A, Valldor M, Hussain MS, Schomäcker K, Mathur S. Click functionalized biocompatible gadolinium oxide core-shell nanocarriers for imaging of breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31830-31845. [PMID: 36380928 PMCID: PMC9641724 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific delivery using functionalized nanocarriers is in high demand in imaging applications of modern clinical research. To improve the imaging capabilities of conventionally used contrast agents and expand the targeting accuracy, functional gadolinium oxide based nanocarriers originated from homogeneous core shells structures (Gd2O3@SiO2@Fe3O4) were developed using a multilayer formation approach. The synthesis and chemical configuration for the covalent binding of macrocyclic chelating agents and estrogen targeting molecules on these nanocarriers were designed by a two-step chemical synthesis method. Initially, SiO2@Fe3O4 structures were prepared and encapsulated with a homogenous thin Gd2O3 overlayer. The exterior surface of the as-prepared carriers offered chemical binding with a breast cancer specific estrogen molecule, covalently grafted through a Click-Chemistry protocol. In the next step, to enhance the diagnostic imaging capabilities of these carriers, thiocyanate-linked chelator molecule, DOTA, was attached to the surface of estrogen bound Gd2O3@SiO2@Fe3O4 using basic reaction conditions. The active amino groups before and after conjugation of estrogen molecules on the surface were quantified using a fluorescamine based approach. Due to the covalent binding of the macrocyclic chelator to the Gd2O3@SiO2@Fe3O4 surface, core shell carriers showed potential radiolabeling efficiency using positron emitter radionuclide, gallium-68 (68Ga). Intracellular uptake of estrogen-conjugated carriers was evaluated with MCF7 breast cancer cell lines using confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescent flow cytometry. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies of functional nanocarriers as compared to bare nanoparticles showed reduced toxicity to HEK-293 cells demonstrating the role of surface attached molecules in preventing direct exposure of the Gd2O3 surface to the cells. The as-developed gadolinium based nanocarriers presented excellent capabilities as biocompatible target-specific imaging probes which indicates great potential in the field of dual-mode contrast agents. Site-specific delivery using functionalized nanocarriers is in high demand in imaging applications of modern clinical research.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaa M. Siribbal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shaista Ilyas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Renner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sumiya Iqbal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sergio Muñoz Vázquez
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Abubakar Moawia
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Valldor
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad S. Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Schomäcker
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Fatima A, Ahmad MW, Al Saidi AKA, Choudhury A, Chang Y, Lee GH. Recent Advances in Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents for Bioimaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2449. [PMID: 34578765 PMCID: PMC8465722 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (CAs) (Gd-CAs) represent one of the most advanced developments in the application of Gd for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Current challenges with existing CAs generated an urgent requirement to develop multimodal CAs with good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and prolonged circulation time. This review discussed the Gd-CAs used in bioimaging applications, addressing their advantages and limitations. Future research is required to establish the safety, efficacy and theragnostic capabilities of Gd-CAs. Nevertheless, these Gd-CAs offer extraordinary potential as imaging CAs and promise to benefit bioimaging applications significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Fatima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Md. Wasi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Abdullah Khamis Ali Al Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Arup Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical & Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea;
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The crystalline structure of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3-NPs) synthesized at different temperatures via X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Li X, Sun Y, Ma L, Liu G, Wang Z. The Renal Clearable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: State of the Art and Recent Advances. Molecules 2020; 25:E5072. [PMID: 33139643 PMCID: PMC7662352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancements of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRCAs) are continuously driven by the critical needs for early detection and diagnosis of diseases, especially for cancer, because MRCAs improve diagnostic accuracy significantly. Although hydrophilic gadolinium (III) (Gd3+) complex-based MRCAs have achieved great success in clinical practice, the Gd3+-complexes have several inherent drawbacks including Gd3+ leakage and short blood circulation time, resulting in the potential long-term toxicity and narrow imaging time window, respectively. Nanotechnology offers the possibility for the development of nontoxic MRCAs with an enhanced sensitivity and advanced functionalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided synergistic therapy. Herein, we provide an overview of recent successes in the development of renal clearable MRCAs, especially nanodots (NDs, also known as ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs)) by unique advantages such as high relaxivity, long blood circulation time, good biosafety, and multiple functionalities. It is hoped that this review can provide relatively comprehensive information on the construction of novel MRCAs with promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Yanhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Guifeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (L.M.)
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5
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Shen Z, Liu T, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Tang W, Fan W, Liu Y, Mu J, Li L, Bregadze VI, Mandal SK, Druzina AA, Wei Z, Qiu X, Wu A, Chen X. Small-sized gadolinium oxide based nanoparticles for high-efficiency theranostics of orthotopic glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2020; 235:119783. [PMID: 31981762 PMCID: PMC7024018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis and outcomes. Although smaller particle size can lead to higher blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeability of the nanomaterials, most of the reported BBB-crossable nanomaterials for targeted GBM therapy are larger than 24 nm. To realize theranostics of GBM, co-loading of therapeutic and diagnostic agents on the same nanomaterials further results in larger particle size. In this study, we developed a kind of novel BBB-transportable nanomaterials smaller than 14 nm for high-efficiency theranostics of GBM (i.e., high contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiosensitization of GBM). Typically, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized extremely small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with modification of reductive bovine serum albumin (ES-GON-rBSA) was synthesized in water phase, resulting in excellent water-dispersibility. RGD dimer (RGD2, Glu-{Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-(D-Phe)-Lys]}2) and lactoferrin (LF) were then conjugated to the ES-GON-rBSA to obtain composite nanoparticle ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 with extraordinary relaxivities (r1 = 60.8 mM-1 s-1, r2/r1 = 1.1). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1-weighted MRI of tumors reached up to 423 ± 42% at 12 h post-injection of ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd-chelates (<80%). ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 exhibited high biocompatibility and can transport across the in vitro BBB model and the in vivo BBB of mice due to its small particle size (dh = 13.4 nm) and LF receptor mediated transcytosis. Orthotopic GBM studies reinforce that ES-GON-rBSA3-LF-RGD2 can accumulate in the orthotopic GBM and enhance the radiation therapy of GBM as an effective radiosensitizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Shen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Anna A Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Zhenni Wei
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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6
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Biju S, Parac-Vogt TN. Recent Advances in Lanthanide Based Nano-Architectures as Probes for Ultra High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:352-361. [PMID: 29421997 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic Lanthanide ions incorporated into nano- architectures are emerging as a versatile platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their strong contrast enhancement effects combined with the platform capability to include multiple imaging modalities. This short review examines the application of lanthanide based nanoarchitectures (nanoparticles and nano- assemblies) in the development of multifunctional probes for single and multimodal imaging involving high field MRI as one imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvanose Biju
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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7
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Shen Z, Fan W, Yang Z, Liu Y, Bregadze VI, Mandal SK, Yung BC, Lin L, Liu T, Tang W, Shan L, Liu Y, Zhu S, Wang S, Yang W, Bryant LH, Nguyen DT, Wu A, Chen X. Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903422. [PMID: 31448577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non-specificity, and low r1 ) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet-chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES-GON-PAA) with an excellent water dispersibility and a size smaller than 2.0 nm, which is a powerful T1 -weighted MRI contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases due to its remarkable relaxivities (r1 = 70.2 ± 1.8 mM-1 s-1 , and r2 /r1 = 1.02 ± 0.03, at 1.5 T). The r1 is much higher and the r2 /r1 is lower than that of the commercial Gd chelates and reported gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONs). Further ES-GON-PAA is developed with conjugation of RGD2 (RGD dimer) (i.e., ES-GON-PAA@RGD2) for T1 -weighted MRI of tumors that overexpress RGD receptors (i.e., integrin αv β3 ). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1 -weighted MRI of tumors reaches up to 372 ± 56% at 2 h post-injection of ES-GON-PAA@RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd-chelates (<80%). Due to the high biocompatibility and high tumor accumulation, ES-GON-PAA@RGD2 with remarkable relaxivities is a promising and powerful T1 -weighted MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Bryant C Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisen Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lingling Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Weijing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - L Henry Bryant
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Harris M, Biju S, Parac‐Vogt TN. High‐Field MRI Contrast Agents and their Synergy with Optical Imaging: the Evolution from Single Molecule Probes towards Nano‐architectures. Chemistry 2019; 25:13838-13847. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Silvanose Biju
- Department of ChemistryGovt. Arts College Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695014 India
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Akakuru OU, Iqbal MZ, Saeed M, Liu C, Paunesku T, Woloschak G, Hosmane NS, Wu A. The Transition from Metal-Based to Metal-Free Contrast Agents for T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2264-2286. [PMID: 31380621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients' bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicals-metal-free CAs-as against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , No. 2 Road of Xiasha , Hangzhou 310018 , P.R. China
| | - Madiha Saeed
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19(A) Yuquan Road , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , United States
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P.R. China
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10
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In situ synthesized lactobionic acid conjugated NMOFs, a smart material for imaging and targeted drug delivery in hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:772-781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Synthesis, MR Relaxivities, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of 3,5-Diiodo-L-tyrosine-Coated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Toro-González M, Copping R, Mirzadeh S, Rojas JV. Multifunctional GdVO4:Eu core–shell nanoparticles containing 225Ac for targeted alpha therapy and molecular imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7985-7997. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of actinium-225 doped Gd0.8Eu0.2VO4 core–shell nanoparticles as multifunctional platforms for multimodal molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Toro-González
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - R. Copping
- Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - S. Mirzadeh
- Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - J. V. Rojas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
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13
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Yan Y, Zhao J, Luo J, Lee JM. Hierarchical Gadolinium Oxide Microspheres for Enzymeless Electro-biosensors in Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamic Detection. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Jianqiang Luo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459 Singapore
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14
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Zarschler K, Rocks L, Licciardello N, Boselli L, Polo E, Garcia KP, De Cola L, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1663-701. [PMID: 27013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticulate materials with core sizes in the 1-3nm range bridge the gap between single molecules and classical, larger-sized nanomaterials, not only in terms of spatial dimension, but also as regards physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to these unique properties, ultrasmall nanoparticles appear to be promising materials for nanomedicinal applications. This review overviews the different synthetic methods of inorganic ultrasmall nanoparticles as well as their properties, characterization, surface modification and toxicity. We moreover summarize the current state of knowledge regarding pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and targeting of nanoscale materials. Aside from addressing the issue of biomolecular corona formation and elaborating on the interactions of ultrasmall nanoparticles with individual cells, we discuss the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications of ultrasmall nanoparticles in the emerging field of nanomedicine in the final part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Louise Rocks
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany; Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karina Pombo Garcia
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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15
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Tegafaw T, Xu W, Ahmad MW, Baeck JS, Chang Y, Bae JE, Chae KS, Kim TJ, Lee GH. Dual-mode T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent based on ultrasmall mixed gadolinium-dysprosium oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:365102. [PMID: 26291827 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/36/365102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dual-mode T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent based on mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles was synthesized. Gd(3+) ((8)S7/2) plays an important role in T1 MRI contrast agents because of its large electron spin magnetic moment resulting from its seven unpaired 4f-electrons, and Dy(3+) ((6)H15/2) has the potential to be used in T2 MRI contrast agents because of its very large total electron magnetic moment: among lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, Dy2O3 nanoparticles have the largest magnetic moments at room temperature. Using these properties of Gd(3+) and Dy(3+) and their oxide nanoparticles, ultrasmall mixed gadolinium-dysprosium oxide (GDO) nanoparticles were synthesized and their potential to act as a dual-mode T1 and T2 MRI contrast agent was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The D-glucuronic acid coated GDO nanoparticles (davg = 1.0 nm) showed large r1 and r2 values (r2/r1 ≈ 6.6) and as a result clear dose-dependent contrast enhancements in R1 and R2 map images. Finally, the dual-mode imaging capability of the nanoparticles was confirmed by obtaining in vivo T1 and T2 MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirusew Tegafaw
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, Korea
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16
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Dong H, Du SR, Zheng XY, Lyu GM, Sun LD, Li LD, Zhang PZ, Zhang C, Yan CH. Lanthanide Nanoparticles: From Design toward Bioimaging and Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10725-815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuo-Ren Du
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Dong Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing
National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials
Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth
Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Maalej NM, Qurashi A, Assadi AA, Maalej R, Shaikh MN, Ilyas M, Gondal MA. Synthesis of Gd2O3:Eu nanoplatelets for MRI and fluorescence imaging. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:215. [PMID: 26034414 PMCID: PMC4447769 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized Gd2O3 and Gd2O3 doped by europium (Eu) (2% to 10%) nanoplatelets using the polyol chemical method. The synthesized nanoplatelets were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, TEM, and EDX techniques. The optical properties of the synthesized nanoplatelets were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy. We also studied the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement of T1 relaxivity using 3 T MRI. The XRD for Gd2O3 revealed a cubic crystalline structure. The XRD of Gd2O3:Eu(3+) nanoplatelets were highly consistent with Gd2O3 indicating the total incorporation of the Eu(3+) ions in the Gd2O3 matrix. The Eu doping of Gd2O3 produced red luminescence around 612 nm corresponding to the radiative transitions from the Eu-excited state (5)D0 to the (7)F2. The photoluminescence was maximal at 5% Eu doping concentration. The stimulated CIE chromaticity coordinates were also calculated. Judd-Ofelt analysis was used to obtain the radiative properties of the sample from the emission spectra. The MRI contrast enhancement due to Gd2O3 was compared to DOTAREM commercial contrast agent at similar concentration of gadolinium oxide and provided similar contrast enhancement. The incorporation of Eu, however, decreased the MRI contrast due to replacement of gadolinium by Eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil M Maalej
- />Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
- />Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- />Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
- />Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Achraf Amir Assadi
- />Laboratoire Géoressouces, Matériaux, Environnement et Changements Globaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, 3018 Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Maalej
- />Laboratoire Géoressouces, Matériaux, Environnement et Changements Globaux, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, 3018 Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- />Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- />Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Gondal
- />Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
- />Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
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18
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Cho M, Sethi R, Narayanan JSA, Lee SS, Benoit DN, Taheri N, Decuzzi P, Colvin VL. Gadolinium oxide nanoplates with high longitudinal relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13637-13645. [PMID: 25273814 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often characterized by insufficient relaxivity, thus requiring the systemic injection of high doses to induce sufficient contrast enhancement at the target site. In this work, gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoplates are produced via a thermal decomposition method. The nanoplates have a core diameter varying from 2 to 22 nm, a thickness of 1 to 2 nm and are coated with either an oleic acid bilayer or an octylamine modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-OA) polymer layer. For the smaller nanoplates, longitudinal relaxivities (r1) of 7.96 and 47.2 (mM s)(-1) were measured at 1.41 T for the oleic acid bilayer and PAA-OA coating, respectively. These values moderately reduce as the size of the Gd2O3 nanoplates increases, and are always larger for the PAA-OA coating. Cytotoxicity studies on human dermal fibroblast cells documented no significant toxicity, with 100% cell viability preserved up to 250 μM for the PAA-OA coated Gd2O3 nanoplates. Given the 10 times increase in longitudinal relaxivity over the commercially available Gd-based molecular agents and the favorable toxicity profile, the 2 nm PAA-OA coated Gd2O3 nanoplates could represent a new class of highly effective T1 MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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19
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Bony BA, Baeck JS, Chang Y, Bae JE, Chae KS, Lee GH. Water-soluble d-glucuronic acid coated ultrasmall mixed Ln/Mn (Ln = Gd and Dy) oxide nanoparticles and their application to magnetic resonance imaging. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1287-1295. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed (A) Gd/Mn and (B) Dy/Mn oxide nanoparticles are confirmed to be potential T1 and/or T2 MRI contrast agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Alam Bony
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kyungpook National University (KNU)
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Jong Su Baeck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical & Biological Engineering
- School of Medicine
- KNU and Hospital
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical & Biological Engineering
- School of Medicine
- KNU and Hospital
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | - Ji Eun Bae
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- KNU
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Kwon Seok Chae
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- KNU
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
- Department of Biology Education
- Teachers’ College
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Kyungpook National University (KNU)
- Taegu 702-701, South Korea
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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20
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Xu W, Bony BA, Kim CR, Baeck JS, Chang Y, Bae JE, Chae KS, Kim TJ, Lee GH. Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles as dual imaging agent in biomedicine. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3210. [PMID: 24220641 PMCID: PMC3826100 DOI: 10.1038/srep03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that the molecular imaging is an extremely important technique in diagnosing diseases. Dual imaging is emerging as a step forward in molecular imaging technique because it can provide us with more information useful for diagnosing diseases than single imaging. Therefore, diverse dual imaging modalities should be developed. Molecular imaging generally relies on imaging agents. Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles could be valuable materials for dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fluorescent imaging (FI) because they have both excellent and diverse magnetic and fluorescent properties useful for dual MRI-FI, depending on lanthanide ions used. Since they are mixed nanoparticles, they are compact, robust, and stable, which is extremely useful for biomedical applications. They can be also easily synthesized with facile composition control. In this study, we explored three systems of ultrasmall mixed lanthanide (Dy/Eu, Ho/Eu, and Ho/Tb) oxide nanoparticles to demonstrate their usefulness as dual T2 MRI–FI agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Taegu 702-701, South Korea
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21
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Kharissova OV, Kharisov BI, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Muñoz Flores B, Ortiz Méndez U. Ultrasmall particles and nanocomposites: state of the art. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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