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Negishi Y, Hashimoto S, Ebina A, Hamada K, Hossain S, Kawawaki T. Atomic-level separation of thiolate-protected metal clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8017-8039. [PMID: 32207494 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine metal clusters have attracted much attention from the viewpoints of both basic and applied science for many years because of their unique physical/chemical properties and functions, which differ from those of bulk metals. Among these materials, thiolate (SR)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m clusters) have been the most studied metal clusters since 2000 because of their ease of synthesis and handling. However, in the early 2000s, it was not easy to isolate these metal clusters. Therefore, high-resolution separation methods were explored, and several atomic-level separation methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), were successively established. These techniques have made it possible to isolate a series of Aun(SR)m clusters, and much knowledge has been obtained on the correlation between the chemical composition and fundamental properties such as the stability, electronic structure, and physical properties of Aun(SR)m clusters. In addition, these high-resolution separation techniques are now also frequently used to evaluate the distribution of the product and to track the reaction process. In this way, high-resolution separation techniques have played an essential role in the study of Aun(SR)m clusters. However, only a few reviews have focused on this work. This review focuses on PAGE, HPLC, and TLC separation techniques, which offer high resolution and repeatability, and summarizes previous studies on the high-resolution separation of Aun(SR)m and related clusters with the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the features and the utility of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Tan F, Yang Y, Xie X, Wang L, Deng K, Xia X, Yang X, Huang H. Prompting peroxidase-like activity of gold nanorod composites by localized surface plasmon resonance for fast colorimetric detection of prostate specific antigen. Analyst 2018; 143:5038-5045. [PMID: 30234206 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between incident light and surface electrons in conductive nanoparticles produces localized plasmon oscillations with a resonant frequency that strongly depends on the composition, size, geometry, and dielectric environment. Hybrid heterostructure materials combining two or more materials in one structure represent a powerful way to achieve unique properties and multifunctionality compared to those of the individual nanoparticle components. Hybrid gold nanorods and gold nanoclusters (GNR/AuNCs) heterostructures prepared by intimate integration of GNRs with AuNCs exhibit both localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property and peroxidase-like activity. It is found that the catalytic activity of the AuNC/GNR heterostructure could be remarkably enhanced by LSPR induced by photon-plasmon coupling in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) region. Meanwhile, the catalytic activity of enzyme-like AuNC/GNRs may be regulated by immunoreactions to realize specific recognition of a target analyte. Accordingly, a fast colorimetric assay within 5 min for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was developed based on a AuNC/GNRs heterostructure mask regulated by the target molecule under photon-plasmon coupling. The color intensity is inversely proportional to the PSA concentration, and quantitative analysis may be achieved in a range of 10 and 200 pg mL-1. This sensor was practically applied to detect PSA levels in prostate cancer serum samples and the determined values agreed well with those measured by the hospital using standard methods. This indicates that the AuNC/GNRs heterostructure-based assay has high accuracy for the analysis of practical samples. Moreover, the new method has the advantages of very fast determination and low sample volume requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
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Khandelwal P, Poddar P. Fluorescent metal quantum clusters: an updated overview of the synthesis, properties, and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9055-9084. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A brief history of metal quantum clusters, their synthesis methods, physical properties, and an updated overview of their applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Khandelwal
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
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Das T, Poria DK, Purkayastha P. NIR-emitting chiral gold nanoclusters coated with γ-cyclodextrin are pH sensitive: Application as biomarker. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1105-1112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khandelwal P, Singh DK, Sadhu S, Poddar P. Study of the nucleation and growth of antibiotic labeled Au NPs and blue luminescent Au8 quantum clusters for Hg(2+) ion sensing, cellular imaging and antibacterial applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19985-20002. [PMID: 26564987 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a detailed experimental study supported by DFT calculations to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of cefradine (CFD--an antibiotic) labeled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by employing CFD as both a mild reducing and capping agent. The analysis of the effect of growth conditions reveals that a higher concentration of HAuCl4 results in the formation of an increasing fraction of anisotropic structures, higher temperature leads to the formation of quasi-spherical particles instead of anisotropic ones, and larger pH leads to the formation of much smaller particles. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that when the pH of the reaction medium increases from 4 to 6, the reduction potential of CFD increases which leads to the synthesis of nanoparticles (in a pH 4 reaction) to quantum clusters (in a pH 6 reaction). The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry results of supernatant of the pH 6 reaction indicate the formation of [Au8(CFD)2S6] QCs which show fluorescence at ca. 432 nm with a Stokes shift of ca. 95 nm. The blue luminescence from Au8 QCs was applied for sensing of Hg(2+) ions on the basis of an aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism and offers good selectivity and a high sensitivity with a limit of detection ca. 2 nM which is lower than the detection requirement of 10 nM by the U.S. EPA and 30 nM by WHO for drinking water. We have also applied the sensing probe to detect Hg(2+) ions in bacterial samples. Further, we have investigated the antibacterial property of as-synthesized Au NPs using MIC, growth curve and cell survival assay. The results show that Au NPs could reduce the cell survival very efficiently rather than the cell growth in comparison to the antibiotic itself. The scanning electron microscopy study shows the degradation and blebbing of the bacterial cell wall upon exposure with Au NPs which was further supported by fluorescence microscopy results. These Au NPs did not show reactive oxygen species generation. We believe that the bacterial cytotoxicity is due to the direct contact of the Au NPs with bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Khandelwal
- Physical & Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
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Yi T, Lichter S. Reorientation of a dipolar monolayer and dipolar solvent. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062404. [PMID: 25019791 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The reliable persistence of an adhered monolayer film on a substrate is critical for film function. The process by which monolayers degrade or disperse remains unclear. Our study investigates the properties and dynamics of a solute of dipolar molecules initially adhered as a monolayer on a substrate in a water-like Stockmayer solvent. We find that for a rigid solute, both the solute and solvent show qualitatively different dynamics than for a flexible solute and its solvent. For the rigid solute, spreading is hindered and solvent orientation is more pronounced. We formulate a simple kinetic model that shows qualitatively similar results to the molecular dynamics simulations of the time evolution of the monolayer. Simple kinetics of molecules on substrates is a starting point for understanding important industrial monolayer applications and complex interactions on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeil Yi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Seth Lichter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Ueno R, Yao H. On the surface structure of 1,3-dithiol-protected gold nanoparticles interpreted by the size effect of IR absorption properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yao H, Yaomura S. Emergence of large chiroptical responses by ligand exchange cross-linking of monolayer-protected gold clusters with chiral dithiol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6444-6451. [PMID: 23635318 DOI: 10.1021/la400215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We here present a study of cross-linking chemistry of optically inactive monothiol-protected gold clusters by chiral bidentate dithiol with two stereogenic centers, (2R,3R)-1,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol (L-dithiothreitol; L-DTT), and explore the impacts of the cross-linking on their chiroptical responses. The pristine protective ligand is racemic penicillamine (rac-Pen), and the products of the ligand exchange reactions include clusters containing both rac-Pen and L-DTT (partial exchange). Electrophoresis using polyacrylamide gel with a very low gel concentration (3%) can make the products separable into two components, each of which has the similar mean core diameter of 0.78 and 0.83 nm, so the difference in the relative mobility is mainly ascribed to the size of the cluster assembly. In addition, very large optical activity with the maximum anisotropy factors of about 1.0 × 10(-3) is found for the assemblies. In comparison with chiral 1,3-dithiol protection incapable of cross-linking between gold clusters, we propose that the observed optical activity is due to surface intrinsic handedness caused by a cyclic cross-linking with at least two L-DTT molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yao
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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