1
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Single-step functionalization of silicon nanoparticles providing efficient DNA binding. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Singh G, Ddungu JLZ, Licciardello N, Bergmann R, De Cola L, Stephan H. Ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles as a promising platform for multimodal imaging. Faraday Discuss 2021; 222:362-383. [PMID: 32108214 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bimodal systems for nuclear and optical imaging are currently being intensively investigated due to their comparable detection sensitivity and the complementary information they provide. In this perspective, we have implemented both modalities on biocompatible ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs). Such nanoparticles are particularly interesting since they are highly biocompatible, have covalent surface functionalization and demonstrate very fast body clearance. We prepared monodisperse citrate-stabilized Si NPs (2.4 ± 0.5 nm) with more than 40 accessible terminal amino groups per particle and, for the first time, simultaneously, a near-infrared dye (IR800-CW) and a radiolabel (64Cu-NOTA = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) have been covalently linked to the surface of such Si NPs. The obtained nanomaterials have been fully characterized using HR-TEM, XPS, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. These dual-labelled particles do not exhibit any cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo studies employing both positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI) techniques revealed rapid renal clearance of dual-labelled Si NPs from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
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3
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Shafiei N, Nasrollahzadeh M, Iravani S. Green Synthesis of Silica and Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical and Catalytic Applications. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2021.1904912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Robidillo CJT, Veinot JGC. Functional Bio-inorganic Hybrids from Silicon Quantum Dots and Biological Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52251-52270. [PMID: 33155802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles that exhibit photoluminescent properties useful for applications in the field of diagnostics and medicine. Successful implementation of these QDs for bio-imaging and bio/chemical sensing typically involves conjugation to biologically active molecules for recognition and signal generation. Unfortunately, traditional and widely studied QDs are based upon heavy metals and other toxic elements (e.g., Cd- and Pb-based QDs), which precludes their safe use in actual biological systems. Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) offer the same advantages as these heavy-metal-based QDs with the added benefits of nontoxicity and abundance. The preparation of functional bio-inorganic hybrids from SiQDs and biomolecules has lagged significantly compared to their traditional toxic counterparts because of the challenges associated with the synthesis of water-soluble SiQDs and their relative instability in aqueous environments. Advances in SiQD synthesis and surface functionalization, however, have made possible the preparation of functional bio-inorganic hybrids from SiQDs and biological molecules through different bioconjugation reactions. In this contribution, we review the various bioconjugate reactions by which SiQDs have been linked to biomolecules and implemented as platforms for bio-imaging and bio/chemical sensing. We also highlight the challenges that need to be addressed and overcome for these materials to reach their full potential. Lastly, we give prospective applications where this unique class of nontoxic and biocompatible materials can be of great utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jay T Robidillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Fronya AA, Antonenko SV, Kharin AY, Muratov AV, Aleschenko YA, Derzhavin SI, Karpov NV, Dombrovska YI, Garmash AA, Kargin NI, Klimentov SM, Timoshenko VY, Kabashin AV. Tailoring Photoluminescence from Si-Based Nanocrystals Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in He-N 2 Gas Mixtures. Molecules 2020; 25:E440. [PMID: 31973084 PMCID: PMC7037818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using methods of pulsed laser ablation from a silicon target in helium (He)-nitrogen (N2) gas mixtures maintained at reduced pressures (0.5-5 Torr), we fabricated substrate-supported silicon (Si) nanocrystal-based films exhibiting a strong photoluminescence (PL) emission, which depended on the He/N2 ratio. We show that, in the case of ablation in pure He gas, Si nanocrystals exhibit PL bands centered in the "red - near infrared" (maximum at 760 nm) and "green" (centered at 550 nm) spectral regions, which can be attributed to quantum-confined excitonic states in small Si nanocrystals and to local electronic states in amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiOx) coating, respectively, while the addition of N2 leads to the generation of an intense "green-yellow" PL band centered at 580 nm. The origin of the latter band is attributed to a radiative recombination in amorphous oxynitride (a-SiNxOy) coating of Si nanocrystals. PL transients of Si nanocrystals with SiOx and a-SiNxOy coatings demonstrate nonexponential decays in the micro- and submicrosecond time scales with rates depending on nitrogen content in the mixture. After milling by ultrasound and dispersing in water, Si nanocrystals can be used as efficient non-toxic markers for bioimaging, while the observed spectral tailoring effect makes possible an adjustment of the PL emission of such markers to a concrete bioimaging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A. Fronya
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Acad. Sci., Leninskiy Pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Antonenko
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- MEPHI, Institute of Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Yu. Kharin
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Andrei V. Muratov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Acad. Sci., Leninskiy Pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yury A. Aleschenko
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Acad. Sci., Leninskiy Pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey I. Derzhavin
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Acad. Sci., Vavilova St. 38, 117942 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Karpov
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Yaroslava I. Dombrovska
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Alexander A. Garmash
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- MEPHI, Institute of Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikolay I. Kargin
- MEPHI, Institute of Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey M. Klimentov
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Victor Yu. Timoshenko
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Acad. Sci., Leninskiy Pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physics Dep., Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Kabashin
- MEPHI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.F.); (S.V.A.); (A.Y.K.); (Y.A.A.); (S.I.D.); (N.V.K.); (Y.I.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, 13288 Marseille, France
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6
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Marcelo GA, Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Lorenzo J, Oliveira E. Magnetic, fluorescent and hybrid nanoparticles: From synthesis to application in biosystems. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Yuan Z, Nakamura T. Spectral tuning of colloidal Si nanocrystal luminescence by post-laser irradiation in liquid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32992-32998. [PMID: 35516519 PMCID: PMC9056600 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a simple technique to tune the luminescence spectra of blue-emitting colloidal silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) to the ultraviolet region via post-laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yuan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
| | - Toshihiro Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Hosei University
- Tokyo 184-8584
- Japan
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8
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Kabashin AV, Singh A, Swihart MT, Zavestovskaya IN, Prasad PN. Laser-Processed Nanosilicon: A Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Energy and Healthcare. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9841-9867. [PMID: 31490658 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review describes promising laser-based approaches to produce silicon nanostructures, including laser ablation of solid Si targets in residual gases and liquids and laser pyrolysis of silane. These methods are different from, and complementary to, widely used porous silicon technology and alternative synthesis routes. One can use these methods to make stable colloidal dispersions of silicon nanoparticles in both organic and aqueous media, which are suitable for a multitude of applications across the important fields of energy and healthcare. Size tailoring allows production of Si quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence that can be tuned across a broad spectral range from the visible to near-IR by varying particle size and surface functionalization. These nanoparticles can also be integrated with other nanomaterials to make multifunctional composites incorporating magnetic and/or plasmonic components. In the energy domain, this review highlights applications to photovoltaics and photodetectors, nanostructured silicon anodes for lithium ion batteries, and hydrogen generation from water. Application to nanobiophotonics and nanomedicine profits from the excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanosilicon. These applications encompass several types of bioimaging and various therapies, including photodynamic therapy, RF thermal therapy, and radiotherapy. The review concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities in the applications of laser-processed nanosilicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, LP3, Marseille 13288 , France
- MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio) , 31 Kashirskoe sh. , 115409 Moscow , Russia
| | - Ajay Singh
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and RENEW Institute , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-4200 , United States
| | - Irina N Zavestovskaya
- MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio) , 31 Kashirskoe sh. , 115409 Moscow , Russia
| | - Paras N Prasad
- MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio) , 31 Kashirskoe sh. , 115409 Moscow , Russia
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
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9
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10
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d’Amora M, Rodio M, Sancataldo G, Diaspro A, Intartaglia R. Laser-Fabricated Fluorescent, Ligand-Free Silicon Nanoparticles: Scale-up, Biosafety, and 3D Live Imaging of Zebrafish under Development. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:321-329. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta d’Amora
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Marina Rodio
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Romuald Intartaglia
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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11
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Zhang D, Gökce B, Barcikowski S. Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3990-4103. [PMID: 28191931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials, thereby enabling the fabrication of bioconjugates and heterogeneous catalysts. Accurate size control of LSPC-synthesized materials ranging from quantum dots to submicrometer spheres and recent upscaling advancement toward the multiple-gram scale are helpful for extending the applicability of LSPC-synthesized nanomaterials to various fields. By discussing key reports on both the fundamentals and the applications related to laser ablation, fragmentation, and melting in liquids, this Article presents a timely and critical review of this emerging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Zhang
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitaetsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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12
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Rodio M, Coluccino L, Romeo E, Genovese A, Diaspro A, Garau G, Intartaglia R. Facile fabrication of bioactive ultra-small protein–hydroxyapatite nanoconjugates via liquid-phase laser ablation and their enhanced osteogenic differentiation activity. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:279-288. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-small protein–hydroxyapatite nanoconjugates promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodio
- Nanophysics
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - Luca Coluccino
- Nanophysics
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - Elisa Romeo
- D3 validation
- Drug Discovery and Development
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Genovese
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University for Science and Technology
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Nanochemistry
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | | | - Gianpiero Garau
- D3 validation
- Drug Discovery and Development
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
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13
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Bagga K, McCann R, O'Sullivan F, Ghosh P, Krishnamurthy S, Stalcup A, Vázquez M, Brabazon D. Nanoparticle functionalized laser patterned substrate: an innovative route towards low cost biomimetic platforms. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27260f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing processes presents an attractive route to produce devices for adaptive biomedical device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bagga
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - R. McCann
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - F. O'Sullivan
- National Institute of Cellular Biology
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - P. Ghosh
- Materials Engineering
- The Open University
- Milton Keynes
- UK
| | | | - A. Stalcup
- Irish Separation Science Cluster
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - M. Vázquez
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - D. Brabazon
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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14
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Xu G, Zeng S, Zhang B, Swihart MT, Yong KT, Prasad PN. New Generation Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots for Biophotonics and Nanomedicine. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12234-12327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaixia Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong
Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
- CINTRA
CNRS/NTU/THALES,
UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50
Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA
CNRS/NTU/THALES,
UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50
Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Butian Zhang
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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15
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Hao HL, Wu WS, Zhang Y, Wu LK, Shen WZ. Origin of blue photoluminescence from colloidal silicon nanocrystals fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation in solution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:325702. [PMID: 27348227 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/32/325702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation into the origin of blue emission from colloidal silicon (Si) nanocrystals (NCs) fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation of Si powder in 1-hexene. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy observations confirm that Si NCs with average size 2.7 nm are produced and well dispersed in 1-hexene. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and x-ray photoelectron spectra have been employed to reveal the passivation of Si NCs surfaces with organic molecules. On the basis of the structural characterization, UV-visible absorption, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, and PL excitation spectra investigations, we deduce that room-temperature blue luminescence from colloidal Si NCs originates from the following two processes: (i) under illumination, excitons first form within colloidal Si NCs by direct transition at the X or Γ (Γ25 → Γ'2) point; (ii) and then some trapped excitons migrate to the surfaces of colloidal Si NCs and further recombine via the surface states associated with the Si-C or Si-C-H2 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Hao
- College of Material Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zarschler K, Rocks L, Licciardello N, Boselli L, Polo E, Garcia KP, De Cola L, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1663-701. [PMID: 27013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticulate materials with core sizes in the 1-3nm range bridge the gap between single molecules and classical, larger-sized nanomaterials, not only in terms of spatial dimension, but also as regards physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to these unique properties, ultrasmall nanoparticles appear to be promising materials for nanomedicinal applications. This review overviews the different synthetic methods of inorganic ultrasmall nanoparticles as well as their properties, characterization, surface modification and toxicity. We moreover summarize the current state of knowledge regarding pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and targeting of nanoscale materials. Aside from addressing the issue of biomolecular corona formation and elaborating on the interactions of ultrasmall nanoparticles with individual cells, we discuss the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications of ultrasmall nanoparticles in the emerging field of nanomedicine in the final part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Louise Rocks
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany; Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karina Pombo Garcia
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Rodio M, Brescia R, Diaspro A, Intartaglia R. Direct surface modification of ligand-free silicon quantum dots prepared by femtosecond laser ablation in deionized water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 465:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Inoue A, Sugimoto H, Yaku H, Fujii M. DNA assembly of silicon quantum dots/gold nanoparticle nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the formation of a nanocomposite composed of silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) and a gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) by DNA hybridization. The composites are dispersible in water and exhibit bright near infrared luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inoue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Hidenobu Yaku
- Advanced Research Division
- Panasonic Corporation
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
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19
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Malumbres A, Martínez G, Hueso JL, Gracia J, Mallada R, Ibarra A, Santamaría J. Facile production of stable silicon nanoparticles: laser chemistry coupled to in situ stabilization via room temperature hydrosilylation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8566-8573. [PMID: 25898392 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable, alkyl-terminated, light-emitting silicon nanoparticles have been synthesized in a continuous process by laser pyrolysis of a liquid trialkyl-silane precursor selected as a safer alternative to gas silane (SiH4). Stabilization was achieved by in situ reaction using a liquid collection system instead of the usual solid state filtration. The alkene contained in the collection liquid (1-dodecene) reacted with the newly formed silicon nanoparticles in an unusual room-temperature hydrosilylation process. It was achieved by the presence of fluoride species, also produced during laser pyrolysis from the decomposition of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) selected as a laser sensitizer. This process directly rendered alkyl-passivated silicon nanoparticles with consistent morphology and size (<3 nm), avoiding the use of costly post-synthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malumbres
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Intartaglia R, Beke S, Moretti M, De Angelis F, Diaspro A. Fast and cost-effective fabrication of large-area plasmonic transparent biosensor array. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1343-1349. [PMID: 25591078 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman-based sensors are widely used for chemical and biological species analysis; but to date the high cost, long production time, hazardous, and toxic content as well as small sensing area and opacity are limiting their capabilities for widespread applications in the medical and environmental fields. We present a novel cost-effective method for fast laser-based fabrication of affordable large-area and transparent periodic arrays of ligand-free metallic nanoparticles, offering a maximum possibility for the adsorption/immobilization of molecules and labeling. Further, we demonstrate a remarkable detection limit in the picomolar range by means of Raman scattering, thus evidencing a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared to other sensor substrates. The high sensitivity performance along with a fast and cheap fabrication procedure of reusable large-area transparent plasmonic devices opens the route for direct, in situ multimodal optical analysis with broad applications in the biomedical/analytical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Intartaglia
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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21
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Montalti M, Cantelli A, Battistelli G. Nanodiamonds and silicon quantum dots: ultrastable and biocompatible luminescent nanoprobes for long-term bioimaging. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4853-921. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-stability and low-toxicity of silicon quantum dots and fluorescent nanodiamonds for long-termin vitroandin vivobioimaging are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - A. Cantelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - G. Battistelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
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22
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Ge J, Chen P, Jia Q, Liu W, Zhou H, Zhou B, Liu Q, Wang P. A facile high-speed vibration milling method to mass production of water-dispersible silicon quantum dots for long-term cell imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile HSVM method has been developed for mass production of water-dispersible SiQDs for long-term cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hangyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Bingjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266510
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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23
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Beke S, Barenghi R, Farkas B, Romano I, Kőrösi L, Scaglione S, Brandi F. Improved cell activity on biodegradable photopolymer scaffolds using titanate nanotube coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 44:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Su X, Kuang L, Battle C, Shaner T, Mitchell B, Fink MJ, Jayawickramarajah J. Mild two-step method to construct DNA-conjugated silicon nanoparticles: scaffolds for the detection of microRNA-21. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1739-43. [PMID: 25243490 PMCID: PMC4198101 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel two-step method, starting from bulk silicon wafers, to construct DNA conjugated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). This method first utilizes reactive high-energy ball milling (RHEBM) to obtain alkene grafted SiNPs. The alkene moieties are subsequently reacted with commercially available thiol-functionalized DNA via thiol-ene click chemistry to produce SiNP DNA conjugates wherein the DNA is attached through a covalent thioether bond. Further, to show the utility of this synthetic strategy, we illustrate how these SiNP ODN conjugates can detect cancer-associated miR-21 via a fluorescence ON strategy. Given that an array of biological molecules can be prepared with thiol termini and that SiNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, we envision that this synthetic protocol will find utility in salient SiNP systems for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Su
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Cooper Battle
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ted Shaner
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brian
S. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Mark J. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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25
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Intartaglia R, Bagga K, Brandi F. Study on the productivity of silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser ablation in water: towards gram per hour yield. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:3117-3127. [PMID: 24663602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An investigation on the productivity of silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser ablation in water is presented. A systematic experimental study is performed as function of the laser wavelength, fluence and ablation time. In case of ablation at 1064 nm silicon nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 40 nm are produced. Instead, ablation at 355 nm results in nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 9 nm for short ablation time while the mean diameter decreases to 3 nm at longer ablation time. An original model based on the in-situ ablation/photo-fragmentation physical process is developed, and it very well explains the experimental productivity findings. The reported phenomenological model has a general validity, and it can be applied to analyze pulsed laser ablation in liquid in order to optimize the process parameters for higher productivity. Finally, an outlook is given towards gram per hour yield of ultra-small silicon nanoparticles.
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26
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Fucikova A, Valenta J, Pelant I, Kalbacova MH, Broz A, Rezek B, Kromka A, Bakaeva Z. Silicon nanocrystals and nanodiamonds in live cells: photoluminescence characteristics, cytotoxicity and interaction with cell cytoskeleton. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47574c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study on biological interaction of silicon nanocrystals (a) and nanodiamonds (b) with cells encourages their use in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fucikova
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University
- Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J. Valenta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University
- Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - I. Pelant
- Institute of Physics AS CR
- v. v. i
- Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - M. Hubalek Kalbacova
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders
- 1st Faculty of Medicine
- Charles University
- Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Broz
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders
- 1st Faculty of Medicine
- Charles University
- Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. Rezek
- Institute of Physics AS CR
- v. v. i
- Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A. Kromka
- Institute of Physics AS CR
- v. v. i
- Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Bakaeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AV CR
- v. v. i
- Prague 6, Czech Republic
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27
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Chinnathambi S, Chen S, Ganesan S, Hanagata N. Silicon quantum dots for biological applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:10-29. [PMID: 23949967 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoparticles (or quantum dots, QDs) exhibit unique optical and electronic properties such as size-controlled fluorescence, high quantum yields, and stability against photobleaching. These properties allow QDs to be used as optical labels for multiplexed imaging and in drug delivery detection systems. Luminescent silicon QDs and surface-modified silicon QDs have also been developed as potential minimally toxic fluorescent probes for bioapplications. Silicon, a well-known power electronic semiconductor material, is considered an extremely biocompatible material, in particular with respect to blood. This review article summarizes existing knowledge related to and recent research progress made in the methods for synthesizing silicon QDs, as well as their optical properties and surface-modification processes. In addition, drug delivery systems and in vitro and in vivo imaging applications that use silicon QDs are also discussed.
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28
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Tan D, Zhou S, Qiu J, Khusro N. Preparation of functional nanomaterials with femtosecond laser ablation in solution. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Titanate nanotube coatings on biodegradable photopolymer scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2460-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Blandin P, Maximova KA, Gongalsky MB, Sanchez-Royo JF, Chirvony VS, Sentis M, Timoshenko VY, Kabashin AV. Femtosecond laser fragmentation from water-dispersed microcolloids: toward fast controllable growth of ultrapure Si-based nanomaterials for biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2489-2495. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Intartaglia R, Das G, Bagga K, Gopalakrishnan A, Genovese A, Povia M, Di Fabrizio E, Cingolani R, Diaspro A, Brandi F. Laser synthesis of ligand-free bimetallic nanoparticles for plasmonic applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Intartaglia R, Bagga K, Genovese A, Athanassiou A, Cingolani R, Diaspro A, Brandi F. Influence of organic solvent on optical and structural properties of ultra-small silicon dots synthesized by UV laser ablation in liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15406-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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