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Liu M, Zhang G, Ming R, Fu X, Jiang R, Tian L, Chen X. Reconstruction of Highly-Defective MgO and Exceptional Photochemical Activity on CO 2 Upgrade in Aqueous Solution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303405. [PMID: 37431200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Defects on metal oxide have attracted extensive attention in photo-/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, porous MgO nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies (Vo s) and three-coordinated oxygen atoms (O3c ) at corners are reported, which reconstruct into defective MgCO3 ·3H2 O exposing rich surface unsaturated -OH groups and vacancies to initiate photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and CH4 . In consecutive 7-cycle tests (each run for 6 h) in pure water, CO2 conversion keeps stable. The total production of CH4 and CO attains ≈367 µmol gcata -1 h-1 . The selectivity of CH4 gradually increases from ≈3.1% (1st run) to ≈24.5% (4th run) and then remains unchanged under UV-light irradiation. With triethanolamine (3.3 vol.%) as the sacrificial agent, the total production of CO and CH4 production rapidly increases to ≈28 000 µmol gcata -1 in 2 h reaction. Photoluminescence spectra reveal that Vo s induces the formation of donor bands to promote charge carrier seperation. A series of trace spectra and theoretical analysis indicate Mg-Vo sites in the derived MgCO3 ·3H2 O are active centers, which play a crucial role in modulating CO2 adsorption and triggering photoreduction reactions. These intriguing results on defective alkaline earth oxides as potential photocatalysts in CO2 conversion may spur some exciting and novel findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ganbing Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Ming
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyi Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Division of Energy, Matter, and Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Schwab T, Razouq H, Aicher K, Zickler GA, Diwald O. Conversion of MgO nanocrystal surfaces into ceramic interfaces: Exsolution of BaO as photoluminescent interface probes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2023; 106:897-912. [PMID: 37063706 PMCID: PMC10092509 DOI: 10.1111/jace.18833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion exsolution can be instrumental to engineer intergranular regions inside ceramic microstructures. BaO admixtures that were trapped inside nanometer-sized MgO grains during gas phase synthesis undergo annealing-induced exsolution to generate photoluminescent surface and interface structures. During their segregation from the bulk into the grain interfaces, the BaO admixtures impact grain coarsening and powder densification, effects that were compared for the first time using an integrated characterization approach. For the characterization of the different stages the materials adopt between powder synthesis and compact annealing, spectroscopy measurements (UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, cathodo- and photoluminescence [PL]) were complemented by an in-depth structure characterization (density measurements, X-ray diffraction [XRD], and electron microscopy). Depending on the Ba2+ concentration, isolated impurity ions either become part of low-coordinated surface structures of the MgO grains where they give rise to a characteristic bright PL emission profile around λ = 500 nm, or they aggregate to form nanocrystalline BaO segregates at the inner pore surfaces to produce an emission feature centered at λ = 460 nm. Both types of PL emission sites exhibit O2 gas adsorption-dependent PL emission properties that are reversible with respect to its pressure. The here-reported distribution of BaO segregates between the intergranular region and the free pore surfaces inside the MgO-based compacts underlines that solid-based exsolution strategies are well suited to stabilize nanometer-sized segregates of metal oxides that otherwise would coalesce and grow in size beyond the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsParis‐Lodron Universität SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Hasan Razouq
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsParis‐Lodron Universität SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Korbinian Aicher
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsParis‐Lodron Universität SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Gregor A. Zickler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsParis‐Lodron Universität SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsParis‐Lodron Universität SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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Schwab T, Thomele D, Aicher K, Dunlop JWC, McKenna K, Diwald O. Rubbing Powders: Direct Spectroscopic Observation of Triboinduced Oxygen Radical Formation in MgO Nanocube Ensembles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:22239-22248. [PMID: 34676020 PMCID: PMC8521521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Powder compaction-induced surface chemistry in metal oxide nanocrystal ensembles is important for very diverse fields such as triboelectrics, tribocatalysts, surface abrasion, and cold sintering of ceramics. Using a range of spectroscopic techniques, we show that MgO nanocube powder compaction with uniaxial pressures that can be achieved by gentle manual rubbing or pressing (p ≥ 5 MPa) excites energetic electron-hole pairs and generates oxygen radicals at interfacial defect structures. While the identification of paramagnetic O- radicals and their adsorption complexes with O2 point to the emergence of hole centers, triboemitted electrons become scavenged by molecular oxygen to convert into adsorbed superoxide anions O2 - as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). By means of complementary UV-photoexcitation experiments, we found that photon energies in the range between 3 and 6 eV produce essentially the same EPR spectroscopic fingerprints and optical absorption features. To provide insights into this effect, we performed density functional theory calculations to explore the energetics of charge separation involving the ionization of low-coordinated anions and surface-adsorbed O2 - radicals at points of contact. For all selected configurations, charge transfer is not spontaneous but requires an additional driving force. We propose that a plausible mechanism for oxygen radical formation is the generation of significant surface potential differences at points of contact under loading as a result of the highly inhomogeneous elastic deformations coupled with the flexoelectric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwab
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Thomele
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Korbinian Aicher
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - John W. C. Dunlop
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Keith McKenna
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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4
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Thomele D, Baumann SO, Schneider J, Sternig AK, Shulda S, Richards RM, Schwab T, Zickler GA, Bourret GR, Diwald O. Cubes to Cubes: Organization of MgO Particles into One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Nanostructures. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:4674-4682. [PMID: 34381312 PMCID: PMC8343528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign approaches to integrate morphologically well-defined nanoscale building blocks into larger high surface area materials is a key challenge in materials design and processing. In this work, we investigate the fundamental surface phenomena between MgO and water (both adsorption and desorption) with particles prepared via a vapor-phase process (MgO nanocubes) and a modified aerogel process (MgO(111) nanosheets). Through these studies, we unravel a strategy to assemble individual MgO nanoparticles into extended faceted single-crystalline MgO nanosheets and nanorods with well-defined exposed surfaces and edges. This reorganization can be triggered by the presence of H2O vapor or bulk liquid water. Water adsorption and the progressive conversion of vapor-phase grown oxide particles into hydroxides give rise to either one-dimensional or two-dimensional (1D or 2D) structures of high dispersion and surface area. The resulting Mg(OH)2 lamella with a predominant (001) surface termination are well-suited precursor structures for their topotactic conversion into laterally extended and uniform MgO(111) grain surface configurations. To understand the potential of polar (111) surfaces for faceting and surface reconstruction effects associated with water desorption, we investigated the stability of MgO(111) nanosheets during vacuum annealing and electron beam exposure. The significant surface reconstruction of the MgO(111) surfaces observed shows that adsorbate-free (111)-terminated surfaces of unsupported MgO nanostructures reconstruct rather than remain as charged planes of either three-fold coordinated O2- ion or Mg2+ ions. Thus, here we demonstrate the role water can play in surface formation and reconstruction by bridging wet chemical and surface science inspired approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomele
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Institute
of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Stefan O. Baumann
- Institute
of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Institute
of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Sternig
- Institute
of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Sarah Shulda
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan M. Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas Schwab
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Gregor A. Zickler
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Gilles R. Bourret
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron
University Salzburg, Jakob Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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5
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Niedermaier M, Taniteerawong C, Schwab T, Zickler G, Bernardi J, Diwald O. Impurity Segregation and Nanoparticle Reorganization of Indium Doped MgO Cubes. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2019; 5:634-641. [PMID: 31231606 PMCID: PMC6563704 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanocomposites are non-equilibrium solids and promising precursors for functional materials. Annealing of such materials can provide control over impurity segregation and, depending on the level of consolidation, represents a versatile approach to engineer free surfaces, particle-particle interfaces and grain boundaries. Starting with indium-magnesium-oxide nanoparticle powders obtained via injection of an indium organic precursor into the magnesium combustion flame and subsequent particle quenching in argon, we investigated the stability of the trivalent In3+ ions in the host lattice of MgO nanoparticles by determining grain growth, morphology evolution and impurity segregation. The latter process is initiated by vacuum annealing at 873 K and can be tracked at 1173 K on a time scale of minutes. In the first instance the surface segregated indium wets the nanoparticle interfaces. After prolonged annealing indium evaporates and leaves the powder via the gas phase. Resulting MgO nanocubes are devoid of residual indium, regain their high morphological definition and show spectroscopic fingerprints (UV Diffuse Reflectance and Photoluminescence emission) that are characteristic of electronically unperturbed MgO cube corner and edge features. The results of this combined XRD, TEM, and spectroscopy study reveal the parameter window within which control over indium segregation is used to introduce a semiconducting metal oxide component into the intergranular region between insulating MgO nanograins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Niedermaier
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Chatpawee Taniteerawong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Thomas Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Gregor Zickler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron MicroscopyTechnische Universität Wien1040ViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a5020SalzburgAustria
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6
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Schneider J, Franke M, Gurrath M, Röckert M, Berger T, Bernardi J, Meyer B, Steinrück HP, Lytken O, Diwald O. Porphyrin Metalation at MgO Surfaces: A Spectroscopic and Quantum Mechanical Study on Complementary Model Systems. Chemistry 2015; 22:1744-9. [PMID: 26682774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We show that both single-crystalline and nanostructured MgO surfaces convert free-base tetraphenyl porphyrin (2HTPP) into magnesium tetraphenyl porphyrin (MgTPP) at room temperature. The reaction can be viewed as an ion exchange between the two aminic protons of the 2HTPP molecule with a Mg(2+) ion from the surface. The driving force for the reaction is the strong stability of the formed hydroxyl groups along the steps and at defects on the MgO surface. We have used an integrated characterization approach that includes UV/Vis diffuse reflectance measurements on nanostructured powders, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of atomically clean MgO(100) single-crystalline thin films, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model systems. The DFT calculations demonstrate that MgTPP formation is strongly exothermic at the corners, edges and steps, but slightly endothermic on terrace sites. This agrees well with the UV/Vis diffuse reflectance, which upon adsorption of 2HTPP shows a decrease in the absorption band associated with corner and edge sites on MgO nanocube powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Department of Chemistry & Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Franke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Gurrath
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Röckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Chemistry & Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department of Chemistry & Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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7
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Wobbe MCC, Zwijnenburg MA. Chemical trends in the optical properties of rocksalt nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28892-900. [PMID: 26456027 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature and magnitude of the optical gaps of rocksalt alkaline earth (MgO, CaO, SrO, MgS, MgSe) and transition metal chalcogenide (CdO, PbS) nanoparticles are studied using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations on (MX)32 nanoparticles. We demonstrate, just as we previously showed for MgO, that TD-DFT calculations on rocksalt nanoparticles require the use of hybrid exchange-correlation (XC-)functionals with a high percentage of Hartree-Fock like exchange (e.g. BHLYP) or range-separated XC-functionals to circumvent problems related to the description of charge-transfer excitations. Concentrating on the results obtained with TD-BHLYP we show that the optical gap in rocksalt nanoparticles displays a wide range of behavior; ranging from large optical gaps stemming from a localized excitation involving corner atoms in alkaline earth oxides to a delocalized excitation and small optical gaps in the transition metal chalcogenides. Finally, we rationalize this wide range of behaviour in terms of differences in the degree to which the Coulombic interaction between the excited electron and hole is screened in the different nanoparticles, and relate it to the optical dielectric constants of the bulk materials the nanoparticles are made from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena C C Wobbe
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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8
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Salem JK, El-Nahhal IM, Hammad TM, Kuhn S, Sharekh SA, El-Askalani M, Hempelmann R. Optical and fluorescence properties of MgO nanoparticles in micellar solution of hydroxyethyl laurdimonium chloride. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Gheisi AR, Neygandhi C, Sternig AK, Carrasco E, Marbach H, Thomele D, Diwald O. O2 adsorption dependent photoluminescence emission from metal oxide nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23922-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles are subject to synthesis related defects and adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R. Gheisi
- Institute of Particle Technology
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chris Neygandhi
- Institute of Particle Technology
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Sternig
- Institute of Particle Technology
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther Carrasco
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Thomele
- Department of Materials Science & Physics
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg
- Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department of Materials Science & Physics
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg
- Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Siedl N, Koller D, Sternig AK, Thomele D, Diwald O. Photoluminescence quenching in compressed MgO nanoparticle systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8339-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wobbe MCC, Kerridge A, Zwijnenburg MA. Optical excitation of MgO nanoparticles; a computational perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22052-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical absorption spectra of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, along with the atomic centres responsible for the absorption, are studied using time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry
- Lancaster University
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13
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Sternig A, Diwald O. Surface Decoration of MgO Nanocubes with Sulfur Oxides: Experiment and Theory. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:7727-7735. [PMID: 23616910 PMCID: PMC3632092 DOI: 10.1021/jp401432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of surface sulfate formation on the structure and spectroscopic properties of MgO nanocubes using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, several spectroscopic techniques, and ab initio calculations. After CS2 adsorption and oxidative treatment at elevated temperatures the MgO particles remain cubic and retain their average size of ∼6 nm. Their low coordinated surface elements (corners and edges) were found to bind sulfite and sulfate groups even after annealing up to 1173 K. The absence of MgO corner specific photoluminescence emission bands at 3.4 and 3.2 eV substantiates that sulfur modifies the electronic properties of characteristic surface structures, which we attribute to the formation of (SO3)2- and (SO4)2- groups at corners and edges. Ab initio calculations support these conclusions and provide insight into the local atomic structures and spectroscopic properties of these groups.
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