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Li X, Wang Z, Lei Z, Ding W, Shi X, Yan J, Ku J. Magnetic characterization techniques and micromagnetic simulations of magnetic nanostructures: from zero to three dimensions. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37981862 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the magnetic characteristics of magnetic nanostructures (MNs) in various dimensions is a crucial direction of research in nanomagnetism, with MNs belonging to various dimensions exhibiting magnetic properties related to their geometry. A better understanding of these magnetic properties is required for MN manipulation. The primary tools for researching MNs are magnetic characterisation techniques with great spatial resolution and spin sensitivity. Micromagnetic simulation is another technique that minimises experimental costs, while providing information on the magnetic structure and magnetic behaviour, and has enormous potential for predicting, validating, and extending the magnetic characterisation results. This review first looks at the progress of research into quantitatively characterising the magnetic properties of low-dimensional (including 0D, 1D, and 2D) and 3D MNs in two directions: magnetic characterisation techniques and micromagnetic simulations, with a particular emphasis on the potential for future applications of these techniques. Single magnetic characterization techniques, single micromagnetic simulations, or a mix of both are utilised in these research studies to investigate MNs in a variety of dimensions. How the magnetic characterisation techniques and micromagnetic simulations can be better applied to MNs in various dimensions is then outlined. This discussion has significant application potential for low-dimensional and 3D MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-value Utilization of Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhaolian Wang
- Shandong Huate Magnet Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zhongyun Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Xiao Shi
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Jujian Yan
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Jiangang Ku
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-value Utilization of Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Makarov D, Volkov OM, Kákay A, Pylypovskyi OV, Budinská B, Dobrovolskiy OV. New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101758. [PMID: 34705309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro- and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry-ready prototypes and eventual products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Barbora Budinská
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Torikai K, Furlan de Oliveira R, Starnini de Camargo DH, Bof Bufon CC. Low-Voltage, Flexible, and Self-Encapsulated Ultracompact Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on Nanomembranes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5552-5561. [PMID: 30137996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are an ever-growing subject of research, powering recent technologies such as flexible and wearable electronics. Currently, many studies are being carried out to push forward the state-of-the-art OTFT technology to achieve characteristics that include high carrier mobility, low power consumption, flexibility, and the ability to operate under harsh conditions. Here, we tackle this task by proposing a novel OTFT architecture exploring the so-called rolled-up nanomembrane technology to fabricate low-voltage (<2 V), ultracompact OTFTs. As the OTFT gate electrode, we use strained nanomembranes, which allows all transistor components to be rolled-up and confined into a tubular-shaped tridimensional device structure with reduced footprint (ca. 90% of their planar counterpart), without any loss of electrical performance. Such an innovative architecture endows the OTFTs high mechanical flexibility (bending radius of <30 μm) and robustness-the devices can be reversibly deformed, withstanding more than 500 radial compression/decompression cycles. Additionally, the tubular device design possesses an inherent self-encapsulation characteristic that protects the OTFT active region from degradation by UV-light and hazardous vapors. The reported strategy is also shown to be compatible with different organic semiconductor materials. All of these characteristics contribute to further extending the potentialities of OTFTs, mainly toward rugged electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleyton Torikai
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , 13083-970 São Paulo , Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Bauru , 17033-360 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rafael Furlan de Oliveira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , 13083-970 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Davi H Starnini de Camargo
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , 13083-970 São Paulo , Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Bauru , 17033-360 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos C Bof Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , 13083-970 São Paulo , Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Bauru , 17033-360 São Paulo , Brazil
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Pylypovskyi OV, Sheka DD, Kravchuk VP, Yershov KV, Makarov D, Gaididei Y. Rashba Torque Driven Domain Wall Motion in Magnetic Helices. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23316. [PMID: 27008975 PMCID: PMC4806324 DOI: 10.1038/srep23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of the domain wall propagation in magnetic wires is a key practical task for a number of devices including racetrack memory and magnetic logic. Recently, curvilinear effects emerged as an efficient mean to impact substantially the statics and dynamics of magnetic textures. Here, we demonstrate that the curvilinear form of the exchange interaction of a magnetic helix results in an effective anisotropy term and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction with a complete set of Lifshitz invariants for a one-dimensional system. In contrast to their planar counterparts, the geometrically induced modifications of the static magnetic texture of the domain walls in magnetic helices offer unconventional means to control the wall dynamics relying on spin-orbit Rashba torque. The chiral symmetry breaking due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leads to the opposite directions of the domain wall motion in left- or right-handed helices. Furthermore, for the magnetic helices, the emergent effective anisotropy term and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can be attributed to the clear geometrical parameters like curvature and torsion offering intuitive understanding of the complex curvilinear effects in magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis D. Sheka
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P. Kravchuk
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn V. Yershov
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, 04655 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Gaididei
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Streubel R, Kronast F, Fischer P, Parkinson D, Schmidt OG, Makarov D. Retrieving spin textures on curved magnetic thin films with full-field soft X-ray microscopies. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7612. [PMID: 26139445 PMCID: PMC4506513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray tomography is a well-established technique to characterize 3D structures in material sciences and biology; its magnetic analogue--magnetic X-ray tomography--is yet to be developed. Here we demonstrate the visualization and reconstruction of magnetic domain structures in a 3D curved magnetic thin films with tubular shape by means of full-field soft X-ray microscopies. The 3D arrangement of the magnetization is retrieved from a set of 2D projections by analysing the evolution of the magnetic contrast with varying projection angle. Using reconstruction algorithms to analyse the angular evolution of 2D projections provides quantitative information about domain patterns and magnetic coupling phenomena between windings of azimuthally and radially magnetized tubular objects. The present approach represents a first milestone towards visualizing magnetization textures of 3D curved thin films with virtually arbitrary shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Streubel
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kronast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Peter Fischer
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Dula Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Zarpellon J, Jurca HF, Varalda J, Deranlot C, George JM, Martins MD, Parreiras SO, Müller C, Mosca DH. Magnetic domains in rolled-up nanomembranes of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Huang W, Yu X, Froeter P, Xu R, Ferreira P, Li X. On-chip inductors with self-rolled-up SiNx nanomembrane tubes: a novel design platform for extreme miniaturization. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:6283-8. [PMID: 23171136 DOI: 10.1021/nl303395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inductors are essential components of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). While the active devices in RF systems downscale steadily, inductors have not been able to keep up with the pace of continual miniaturization because of the trade-off between size and performance as well as fabrication complexity. Strain-induced self-rolled-up nanotechnology allows the formation of three-dimensional (3D) architectures, such as multiple-turn spiral tubes, through planar processing. Here, we report on using 3D SiN(x) tubular structures with accompanying prepatterned metal layers, as a novel on-chip tube inductor design platform. We found, by an equivalent lumped circuit and electromagnetic modeling, that the 3D metal spiral structure has the ability to significantly better confine magnetic field compared to conventional planar spiral on-chip inductors. More than 100× reduction in footprint can be realized using this platform while achieving excellent electrical performance, including large inductance, high quality (Q) factor, and high self-resonance frequency (f(0)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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