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Modak SV, Pert D, Tami JL, Shen W, Abdullahi I, Huan X, McNeil AJ, Goldsmith BR, Kwabi DG. Substituent Impact on Quinoxaline Performance and Degradation in Redox Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5173-5185. [PMID: 38358388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive candidates for low-cost, grid-scale storage of energy from renewable sources. Quinoxaline derivatives represent a promising but underexplored class of charge-storing materials on account of poor chemical stability in prior studies (with capacity fade rates >20%/day). Here, we establish that 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid (DMeQUIC) is vulnerable to tautomerization in its reduced form under alkaline conditions. We obtain kinetic rate constants for tautomerization by applying Bayesian inference to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic data from operating flow cells and show that these rate constants quantitatively account for capacity fade measured in cycled cells. We use density functional theory (DFT) modeling to identify structural and chemical predictors of tautomerization resistance and demonstrate that they qualitatively explain stability trends for several commercially available and synthesized derivatives. Among these, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid shows a dramatic increase in stability over DMeQUIC and does not exhibit capacity fade in mixed symmetric cell cycling. The molecular design principles identified in this work set the stage for further development of quinoxalines in practical, aqueous organic RFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Vibhas Modak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel Pert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L Tami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wanggang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xun Huan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anne J McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bryan R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David G Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Abdelkawy MA, Davin C, Aly EA, El‐Badawi MA, Itsuno S. Chiral Polyureas Derived Cinchona Alkaloids: Highly Efficient Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Abdelkawy
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Life Science Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Christopher Davin
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Life Science Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - El‐Saied A. Aly
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | | | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Life Science Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
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3
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Electrochemical Characterization of Aromatic Molecules with 1,4-Diaza Groups for Flow Battery Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082227. [PMID: 33921498 PMCID: PMC8069459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous redox flow battery is a promising technology for large-scale low cost energy storage. The rich possibilities for the tailoring of organic molecules and the possibility to discover active materials of lower cost and decreased environmental impact continue to drive research and development of organic compounds suitable for redox flow battery applications. In this work, we focus on the characterization of aromatic molecules with 1,4-diaza groups for flow battery applications. We examine the influence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents and the effect of the relative position of the substituent(s) on the molecule. We found that electron-withdrawing substituents increased the potential, while electron-donating decreased it, in agreement with expectations. The number of carboxy-groups on the pyrazinic ring was found to have a strong impact on the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics, with the slowest kinetics observed for pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid. The stability of quinoxaline was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in a flow cell configuration. Substitution at the 2,3-positions in quinoxaline was found to decrease the capacity fade rate significantly. Furthermore, we demonstrated how molecular aggregation reduces the effective number of electrons involved in the redox process for quinoxalines. This translates to a significant reduction of the achievable volumetric capacity at higher concentrations, yielding values significantly lower than the theoretical capacity. Finally, we demonstrate that such capacity-limiting molecular aggregation may be reduced by introducing flexible side chains with bulky charged groups in order to increase electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance.
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4
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Abdelkawy MA, Aly EA, El‐Badawi MA, Itsuno S. Synthesis of Cinchona Urea Polymers and Their Evaluation as Catalyst in the Asymmetric Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Abdelkawy
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceTanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - El‐Saied A. Aly
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceTanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | | | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Life ScienceToyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
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5
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ADMET Polymerization of Dimeric Cinchona Squaramides for the Preparation of a Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Organocatalyst. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) reaction condition, the C3-vinyl groups of cinchona alkaloids readily react with each other to form a C-C bond. A novel type of cinchona alkaloid polymers was synthesized from dimeric cinchona squaramides using the Hoveyda-Grubbs’ second-generation catalysts (HG2) by means of ADMET reaction. The chiral polymers, containing cinchona squaramide moieties in their main chains, were subsequently employed as catalysts for the enantioselective Michael reaction to give the corresponding chiral adducts in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Both enantiomers from the asymmetric Michael reaction were distinctively prepared while using the polymeric catalysts, possessing pseudoenantiomeric structures. The catalysts were readily recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled several times due to the insolubility of the cinchona-based squaramide polymers.
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Nemcsok T, Rapi Z, Bagi P, Oláh A, Keglevich G, Bakó P. The Synthesis of Hydrobenzoin-Based Monoaza Crown Ethers and Their Application as Recyclable Enantioselective Catalysts. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New recyclable monoaza-15-crown ethers have been synthesized starting from (R,R)-(+)- and (S,S)-(−)-hydrobenzoin. These macrocycles proved to be efficient and reusable phase transfer catalysts in a few asymmetric reactions under mild conditions. The asymmetric epoxidation of trans-chalcone took place with up to 81% ee, while using other chalcone derivatives, the products were formed with 68–88% ee. The hydrobenzoin-based lariat ethers were also tested in the cyclopropanation of a few electron deficient olefins using diethyl bromomalonate to afford the product with good enantioselectivities (54–75% ee). The catalysts were recovered by salt formation, followed by extraction, and were reused without the loss of the activity and effect on the enantioselectivity.
Graphic Abstract
The synthesis of hydrobenzoin-based monaza crown ethers and their application as recyclable enantioselective catalysts.
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Tang XF, Feng SH, Wang YK, Yang F, Zheng ZH, Zhao JN, Wu YF, Yin H, Liu GZ, Meng QW. Bifunctional metal-free photo-organocatalysts for enantioselective aerobic oxidation of β-dicarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Ullah M, Itsuno S. Cinchona Squaramide-Based Chiral Polymers as Highly Efficient Catalysts in Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4573-4582. [PMID: 31458680 PMCID: PMC6641636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized novel chiral polymers containing a cinchona-based squaramide in the main chain. We designed a novel cinchona squaramide dimer that contains two cinchona squaramide units connected by diamines. The olefinic double bonds in the cinchona squaramide dimer were used for Mizoroki-Heck (MH) polymerization with aromatic diiodides. The MH polymerization of the cinchona squaramide dimer and aromatic diiodide proceeded well to give the corresponding chiral polymers in good yields. The catalytic activity of the chiral polymers was investigated for asymmetric Michael addition reactions. The effect of the squaramide structure of the polymeric catalyst on the catalytic performance is discussed in detail. We have surveyed the influence of the chiral polymer structure on the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric reaction. The asymmetric Michael addition of β-ketoesters to nitroolefins was successfully catalyzed by polymeric cinchona squaramide organocatalysts to obtain the corresponding Michael adducts in good yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. The polymeric catalysts were insoluble in commonly used organic solvents and easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without the loss of catalytic activity.
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Altava B, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Chiral catalysts immobilized on achiral polymers: effect of the polymer support on the performance of the catalyst. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2722-2771. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achiral polymeric supports can have important positive effects on the activity, stability and selectivity of supported chiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Altava
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | | | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
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10
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Haraguchi N, Takenaka N, Najwa A, Takahara Y, Mun MK, Itsuno S. Synthesis of Main-Chain Ionic Polymers of Chiral Imidazolidinone Organocatalysts and Their Application to Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Nagisa Takenaka
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Aisyah Najwa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Yuta Takahara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Mah Kar Mun
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
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11
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Zhou YB, Zhan ZP. Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2017; 13:9-19. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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12
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Ullah MS, Itsuno S. Synthesis of cinchona alkaloid squaramide polymers as bifunctional chiral organocatalysts for the enantioselective michael addition of β-ketoesters to nitroolefins. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Haraguchi N, Nguyen TL, Itsuno S. Polyesters Containing Chiral Imidazolidinone Salts in Polymer Main Chain: Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reaction. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Thanh Liem Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Graduate School of Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
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14
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Zhang G, Fei H. Missing metal-linker connectivities in a 3-D robust sulfonate-based metal–organic framework for enhanced proton conductivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4156-4159. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first example of proton conductivity control with the missing metal–ligand connectivities within a rare 3-D porous sulfonate-based MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Honghan Fei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
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15
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Takata S, Endo Y, Shahid Ullah M, Itsuno S. Synthesis of cinchona alkaloid sulfonamide polymers as sustainable catalysts for the enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclic anhydrides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mizoroki–Heck polymerization of cinchona sulfonamide gave chiral polymers, which are active catalysts for enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclic anhydrides to give chiral hemiesters in high yield with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takata
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Yuta Endo
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahid Ullah
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
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16
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Itsuno S. Synthesis of Chiral Polymer Catalysts and Their Application to Asymmetric Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
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17
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Hassan MM, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Highly active polymeric organocatalyst: Chiral ionic polymers prepared from 10,11-didehydrogenated cinchonidinium salt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mehadi Hassan
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31
Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31
Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
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Abstract
Nature is full of dimeric alkaloids of various types from many plant families, some of them with interesting biological properties. However, dimeric Cinchona alkaloids were not isolated from any species but were products of designed partial chemical synthesis. Although the Cinchona bark is amongst the sources of oldest efficient medicines, the synthetic dimers found most use in the field of asymmetric synthesis. Prominent examples include the Sharpless dihydroxylation and aminohydroxylation ligands, and dimeric phase transfer catalysts. In this article the syntheses of Cinchona alkaloid dimers and oligomers are reviewed, and their structure and applications are outlined. Various synthetic routes exploit reactivity of the alkaloids at the central 9-hydroxyl group, quinuclidine, and quinoline rings, as well as 3-vinyl group. This availability of reactive sites, in combination with a plethora of linker molecules, contributes to the diversity of the products obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J Boratyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland,
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20
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Islam MR, Ahamed P, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Synthesis of chiral polymers containing thioetherified cinchonidinium repeating units and their application to asymmetric catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Parvez MM, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Synthesis of Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Chiral Polymers by Mizoroki–Heck Polymerization and Their Application to Asymmetric Catalysis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Masud Parvez
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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22
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Abstract
This review illustrates the current strategies and potential of polymer-immobilized chiral catalysts for highly enantioselective asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Md. Mehadi Hassan
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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23
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Ahamed P, Haque MA, Ishimoto M, Parvez MM, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Synthesis of chiral quaternary ammonium polymers for asymmetric organocatalysis application. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Shirakawa S, Maruoka K. Neue Entwicklungen bei asymmetrischen Phasentransferreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shirakawa S, Maruoka K. Recent developments in asymmetric phase-transfer reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4312-48. [PMID: 23450630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis has been recognized as a powerful method for establishing practical protocols for organic synthesis, because it offers several advantages, such as operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, suitability for large-scale synthesis, and the environmentally benign nature of the reaction system. Since the pioneering studies on highly enantioselective alkylations promoted by chiral phase-transfer catalysts, this research field has served as an attractive area for the pursuit of "green" sustainable chemistry. A wide variety of asymmetric transformations catalyzed by chiral onium salts and crown ethers have been developed for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds in the past several decades, especially in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Organocatalysts have been extensively studied for the past few decades as alternatives to transition-metal catalysts. Immobilizing organocatalysts on polymer supports allows easy recovery and simple product purification after a reaction. Select examples of recent reports that describe the potential advantages of using soluble polymers to prepare soluble polymer-supported organocatalysts useful in organic synthesis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chin Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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27
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Haraguchi N, Ahamed P, Parvez MM, Itsuno S. Synthesis of main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers for asymmetric catalysis using quaternization polymerization. Molecules 2012; 17:7569-83. [PMID: 22713348 PMCID: PMC6269034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers were successfully synthesized by the quaternization polymerization of cinchonidine dimer with dihalides. The polymerization occurred smoothly under optimized conditions to give novel type of main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers. The catalytic activity of the polymeric chiral organocatalysts was investigated on the asymmetric benzylation of N-(diphenylmethylidene)glycine tert-butyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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