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Elagawany M, Maram L, Elgendy B. Novel synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters: an unprecedented CH 2 insertion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7564-7569. [PMID: 35423285 PMCID: PMC8694985 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for the synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters (BAEs) from N-acylbenzotriazoles and dichloromethane (DCM) under mild conditions. This reaction is one of few examples to show the use of DCM as a C-1 surrogate in carbon-heteroatom bond formation and to highlight the versatility of using DCM as a methylene building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Lingaiah Maram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
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Zhang XJ, Wu XL, Wang XW, Liu D, Yang S, Zhang WB. SpyCatcher-NTEV: A Circularly Permuted, Disordered SpyCatcher Variant for Less Trace Ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1622-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Abstract
The aggregation of peptides/proteins is intimately related to a number of human diseases. More than 20 have been identified which aggregate into fibrils containing extensive β-sheet structures, and species generated in the aggregation processes (i.e., oligomers and fibrils) contribute to disease development. Amyloid-β peptide (designated Aβ), related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the representative example. The intensive aggregation property of Aβ also leads to difficulty in its synthesis. To improve the synthetic problem, we developed an O-acyl isopeptide of Aβ1-42, in which the N-acyl linkage (amide bond) of Ser(26) was replaced with an O-acyl linkage (ester bond) at the side chain. The O-acyl isopeptide demonstrated markedly higher water-solubility than that of Aβ1-42, while it quickly converted to intact monomer Aβ1-42 via an O-to-N acyl rearrangement under physiological conditions. Inhibition of the pathogenic aggregation of Aβ1-42 might be a therapeutic strategy for curing AD. We succeeded in the rational design and identification of a small molecule aggregation inhibitor based on a pharmacophore motif obtained from cyclo[-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-]. Moreover, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation was achieved via oxygenation (i.e., incorporation of oxygen atoms to Aβ) using an artificial catalyst. We identified a selective, cell-compatible photo-oxygenation catalyst of Aβ, a flavin catalyst attached to an Aβ-binding peptide, which markedly decreased the aggregation potency and neurotoxicity of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Sohma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Bajaj K, Sakhuja R, Pillai GG. Traceless reductive ligation at a tryptophan site: a facile access to β-hydroxytryptophan appended peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9578-9587. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot methodology (reduction & O to N migration); synthesis of β-hydroxytryptophan appended native peptides; computational support for the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333031
- India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333031
- India
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Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, McGowan S, Payne RJ. Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, McGowan S, Payne RJ. Oxidative Deselenization of Selenocysteine: Applications for Programmed Ligation at Serine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12716-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Stach M, Weidkamp AJ, Yang SH, Hung KY, Furkert DP, Harris PWR, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Brimble MA. Improved Strategy for the Synthesis of the Anticancer Agent Culicinin D. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Panda SS, Jones RA, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Applications of Chemical Ligation in Peptide Synthesis via Acyl Transfer. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 362:229-65. [PMID: 25805142 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The utility of native chemical ligation (NCL) in the solution or solid phase synthesis of peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides, and neoglycoconjugates is reviewed. In addition, the mechanistic details of inter- or intra-molecular NCLs are discussed from experimental and computational points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA,
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Biswas S, Kayaleh R, Pillai GG, Seon C, Roberts I, Popov V, Alamry KA, Katritzky AR. Long-Range Chemical Ligation from N→N Acyl Migrations in Tryptophan Peptides via Cyclic Transition States of 10- to 18-Members. Chemistry 2014; 20:8189-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Panda SS, Hall CD, Oliferenko AA, Katritzky AR. Traceless chemical ligation from S-, O-, and N-acyl isopeptides. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1076-87. [PMID: 24617996 DOI: 10.1021/ar400242q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are ubiquitous in nature where they play crucial roles as catalysts (enzymes), cell membrane ion transporters, and structural elements (proteins) within biological systems. In addition, both linear and cyclic peptides have found use as pharmaceuticals and components of various conjugate molecular systems. Small wonder then that chemists throughout the ages have sought to mimic nature by synthesis of the amide polymers known as peptides and proteins. The fundamental reaction in the formation of a peptide bond is condensation of an amine of one amino acid with the activated carbonyl group of another. This "fragment condensation" has been achieved in many ways both in solution and by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPSS) on resin. The most successful method for in-solution coupling is known as native chemical ligation (NCL), and the technique dates back to the pioneering work of Wieland (1953) and subsequently Kent (1994) among many others. This Account builds on the established principles of NCL as applied specifically to S-, O-, and N-isopeptides, molecules that are generally more soluble and less prone to aggregation than native peptides. This Account also covers NCL of isopeptides containing terminal and nonterminal S-acylated cysteine units, reactions that enable the synthesis of native peptides from S-acyl peptides without the use of auxiliaries. With C-terminal S-acyl isopeptides, NCL was carried out under microwave irradiation in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) at 50 °C. Intramolecular acyl migration was observed through 5-19-membered transition states with relative rates, as assessed by product analysis, in the order, 5 > 10 > 11 > 14, 16, or 17 > 12 > 13, 15, or 19 > 18 ≫ 9 > 8. The rate/pH profile for the 15-membered TS showed a maximum for ligated product versus transacylation at pH 7.0-7.3 presumably associated with the pKa of the N-nucleophile in the hydrogen-bonded TS. Cysteine occurs at low abundance (1.7%) in natural peptides and is rarely available in a terminal position thus limiting the utility of the method. This Account reports, however, NCL at nonterminal acyl cysteine through 5-, 8-, 11-, and 14-membered TSs with relative rates of ligation in the order, 5 ≫ 14 > 11 ≫ 8, thus paralleling the results with acylated terminal cysteine residues. In an obvious sequel to the work with acylated cysteine, we discuss intramolecular O- to N-acyl shift in O-acyl serine and O-acyl tyrosine isopeptides where the story becomes more complex in terms of viable conditions and optimum size of the cyclic TS. N- to N-acyl migration in acyl tryptophan isopeptides is described, and finally, chemical ligation is applied to the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Conformational analysis and quantum chemical calculations are used to rationalize ligation through a range of cyclic transition states. This Account highlights the fact that NCL of acyl isopeptides is an extremely useful strategy for the synthesis of a wide variety of native peptides in good yields and under mild conditions. Mechanistic aspects of the ligations are not fully resolved, but theoretical studies indicate that hydrogen bonding within the various cyclic transition states plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S. Panda
- Center
for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - C. Dennis Hall
- Center
for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander A. Oliferenko
- Center
for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center
for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Verzele D, Madder A. Patchwork protein chemistry: a practitioner's treatise on the advances in synthetic peptide stitchery. Chembiochem 2014; 14:1032-48. [PMID: 23775826 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the study of peptides and proteins at the heart of many scientific endeavors, the omics era heralded a multitude of opportunities for chemists and biologists alike. Across the interface with life sciences, peptide chemistry plays an indispensable role, and progress made over the past decades now allows proteins to be treated as molecular patchworks stitched together through synthetic tailoring. The continuous elaboration of sophisticated strategies notwithstanding, Merrifield's solid-phase methodology remains a cornerstone of chemical protein design. Although the non-practitioner might misjudge peptide synthesis as trivial, routine, or dull given its long history, we comment here on its many advances, obstacles, and prospects from a practitioner's point of view. While sharing our perspectives through thematic highlights across the literature, this treatise provides an interpretive overview as a guide to novices, and a recap for specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Verzele
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Popov V, Panda SS, Katritzky AR. Ligations from Tyrosine Isopeptides via 12- to 19-Membered Cyclic Transition States. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7455-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4009468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Popov
- Center for Heterocyclic
Compounds, University of Florida, Department
of Chemistry, Gainesville,
Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Center for Heterocyclic
Compounds, University of Florida, Department
of Chemistry, Gainesville,
Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic
Compounds, University of Florida, Department
of Chemistry, Gainesville,
Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Khatib ME, Elagawany M, Çalışkan E, Davis EF, Faidallah HM, El-feky SA, Katritzky AR. Total synthesis of cyclic heptapeptide Rolloamide B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2631-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Popov V, Panda SS, Katritzky AR. Ligations of N-acyl tryptophan units to give native peptides via 7-, 10-, 11- and 12-membered cyclic transition states. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1594-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27421g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hemantha HP, Narendra N, Sureshbabu VV. Total chemical synthesis of polypeptides and proteins: chemistry of ligation techniques and beyond. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Monbaliu JCM, Katritzky AR. Recent trends in Cys- and Ser/Thr-based synthetic strategies for the elaboration of peptide constructs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11601-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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