Stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides: allyl glycosyl sulfones as radical precursors

Despite their critical importance in drug development and biochemistry, efficiently synthesizing α-glycosyl azides has continued to pose significant challenges. In this report, we introduce a universal and practical radical reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides using bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones as the donor. This method is characterized by its mild reaction conditions, high stereoselectivity, and extensive scope of glycosyl units. Moreover, the accessibility of several structurally complex drug-sugar conjugates underscores the practicality of our approach.

Sources, chemical synthesis, functional improvement and applications of food-derived protein/peptide-saccharide covalent conjugates: a review

Proteins/peptides and saccharides are two kinds of bioactive substances in nature. Recently, increasing attention has been paid in understanding and utilizing covalent interactions between proteins/peptides and saccharides. The products obtained through covalent conjugation of proteins/peptides to saccharides are shown to have enhanced functional attributes, such as better gelling property, thermostability, and water-holding capacity. Additionally, food-derived protein/peptide-saccharide covalent conjugates (PSCCs) also have biological activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immune regulatory, and other activities that are widely used in the functional food industry. Moreover, PSCCs can be used as packaging or delivery materials to improve the bioavailability of bioactive substances, which expands the development of food-derived protein and saccharide resources. Thus, this review was aimed to first summarize the current status of sources, classification structures of natural PSCCs. Second, the methods of chemical synthesis, reaction conditions, characterization and reagent formulations that improve the desired functional characteristics of food-derived PSCCs were introduced. Third, functional properties such as emulsion, edible films/coatings, and delivery of active substance, bio-activities such as antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, antidiabetic, antimicrobial of food-derived PSCCs were extensively discussed.

Brønsted acid-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of in situ formed acyclic N,O-hemiaminals: cascade synthesis of chiral cyclic N,O-aminals

A H2O controlled dynamic kinetic resolution was involved in a Brønsted acid-catalyzed acyclic N,O-hemiaminal formation/oxa-Michael reaction cascade, leading to highly enantioenriched cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans bearing an exo amide group.

Essential oil extracted from erythrina corallodendron L. leaves inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells

Erythrina corallodendron L., a kind of landscape tree, has long been used as a traditional medicine. In this study, the composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves was analysed by GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer), with linalool identified as the main compound. Its cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HMLE cells was examined by MTT and cloning assays. Transwell and wound-healing assays were used to examine the inhibition of migration and invasion. Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of factors related to EMT (snail, slug, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin). The essential oil of Erythrina corallodendron leaves was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that the essential oil of E. corallodendron leaves may merit further investigation as a potential clinical or adjuvant drug for treating breast cancer migration and invasion.

Ru-catalyzed sequence for the synthesis of cyclic amido-ethers

Efficient synthesis of versatile building blocks for enabling medicinal chemistry research has always challenged synthetic chemists to develop innovative methods. Of particular interest are the methods that are amenable to the synthesis of chemically distinct and diverse classes of pharmaceutically relevant motifs. Herein we report a general method for the one-pot synthesis of cyclic α-amido-ethers containing different amide functionalities including lactams, tetramic acids and amino acids. For the incorporation of the nucleotide bases, a chemo and regioselective palladium-catalyzed transformation has been developed, providing rapid access to nucleoside analogs.

European Viscum album: a potent phytotherapeutic agent with multifarious phytochemicals, pharmacological properties and clinical evidence

Viscum albumL. or European mistletoe (Loranthaceae), a semi-parasitic shrub, has been used as a traditional medicine in Europe for centuries to treat various diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorder, epilepsy, infertility, hypertension and arthritis.