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Tamaribuchi K, Tian J, Akagawa K, Kudo K. Enantioselective Nitro‐Michael Addition Catalyzed by N‐Terminal Guanidinylated Helical Peptide. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Tamaribuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kudo
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
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2
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Brooks B, Hiller N, May JA. Reaction rate differences between organotrifluoroborates and boronic acids in BINOL-catalyzed conjugate addition to enones. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Peme T, Brady D, Juma W, Makatini M. Development of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme peptide mimics as biocatalysts in direct asymmetric aldol reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36670-36681. [PMID: 35494350 PMCID: PMC9043830 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the design and synthesis of mimetic peptides modelled on the catalytic active site of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) enzyme. The synthesized peptides consisting of the turn motifs and catalytic site amino acids of FBPA enzyme were evaluated for catalytic activity in direct asymmetric aldol reactions of ketones and aldehydes. The influence of substrate scope, catalyst loading and solvents including water, on the reaction were also investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) were used to determine the secondary structure of the peptides to provide an understanding of the structure–activity relationship. The peptides showed catalytic activity and the aldol products were obtained in low yields (up to 44%), but excellent enantioselectivity (up to 93%) and moderate diastereoselectivity (65 : 35). Novel asymmetric aldol reaction catalysing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase peptide mimics with secondary structural motifs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Peme
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Wanyama Juma
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Maya Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, South Africa
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4
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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5
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Hoveyda AH, Zhou Y, Shi Y, Brown MK, Wu H, Torker S. Sulfonate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Copper Complexes: Uniquely Effective Catalysts for Enantioselective Synthesis of C−C, C−B, C−H, and C−Si Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute University of Strasbourg CNRS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yuebiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute University of Strasbourg CNRS 67000 Strasbourg France
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6
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Hoveyda AH, Zhou Y, Shi Y, Brown MK, Wu H, Torker S. Sulfonate N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Copper Complexes: Uniquely Effective Catalysts for Enantioselective Synthesis of C-C, C-B, C-H, and C-Si Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21304-21359. [PMID: 32364640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-based complex that contains a sulfonate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand was first reported 15 years ago. Since then, these organometallic entities have proven to be uniquely effective in catalyzing an assortment of enantioselective transformations, including allylic substitutions, conjugate additions, proto-boryl additions to alkenes, boryl and silyl substitutions, hydride-allyl additions to alkenyl boronates, and additions of boron-containing allyl moieties to N-H ketimines. In this review article, we detail the shortcomings in the state-of-the-art that fueled the development of this air stable ligand class, members of which can be prepared on multigram scale. For each reaction type, when relevant, the prior art at the time of the advance involving sulfonate NHC-Cu catalysts and/or subsequent key developments are briefly analyzed, and the relevance of the advance to efficient and enantioselective total or formal synthesis of biologically active molecules is underscored. Mechanistic analysis of the structural attributes of sulfonate NHC-Cu catalysts that are responsible for their ability to facilitate transformations with high efficiency as well as regio- and enantioselectivity are detailed. This review contains several formerly undisclosed methodological advances and mechanistic analyses, the latter of which constitute a revision of previously reported proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.,Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yuebiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.,Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Akagawa K, Kudo K. Design of Peptide Catalysts by Combining Secondary Structural Units for Selective Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuaki Kudo
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
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8
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Sugiura M. Activation of Boron Compounds by O-Monoacyltartaric Acid Catalysts. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Akagawa K, Kudo K. Development of Selective Peptide Catalysts with Secondary Structural Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2429-2439. [PMID: 28872296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biogenic catalysts that enable the vital activity of organisms. Enzymes promote reactions in a selective manner with a high level of substrate recognition ability. The development of such a sophisticated catalyst has been one of the goals for chemists. A synthetic peptide is the prime candidate to realize an enzyme-like catalyst. Considering that the catalytic function of enzymes derives from their molecular structures, the key for the creation of a peptide catalyst might be the introduction of a specific three-dimensional structure. Our motivation was to find a peptide catalyst with a versatile secondary structural framework and apply the peptide to a variety of selective reactions. Although helical-peptide-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of enones is popular, no other highly enantioselective reaction with a helical peptide has been reported. It was found that resin-supported α-helical polyleucine promoted asymmetric conjugate addition of a carbon nucleophile to enones via the formation of an iminium intermediate at the N-terminal amino group. By changing the helical chain to a repetitive Leu-Leu-Aib (Aib = α-aminoisobutyric acid) sequence and introducing a few amino acids to the N-terminus, a highly enantioselective peptide catalyst was obtained. The helical peptide catalyst was applicable for a tandem enamine/iminium-mediated reaction and asymmetric epoxidation of enones. Although the extension of the helical peptide to conjugate addition of a nucleophile to an enal was not successful simply by attaching proline to the N-terminus of the helix, the incorporation of a β-turn motif was effective to improve the catalytic performance. In the sequence of such a turn-helix-type peptide, the helical part was seemingly distant from the N-terminal amino group; however, the hydrophobicity, structure, and chirality of the helix largely affected the reaction. The turn-helix-type peptide promoted a wide range of asymmetric reactions: conjugated additions of hydride and carbon nucleophiles to enals via the iminium activation and α-oxyamination of aldehydes via the enamine activation. The peptides with turn-helix and helix frameworks were also employed for several reactions that were difficult to achieve with low-molecular-weight catalysts: enzyme-cocatalyzed asymmetric oxidation in water, diastereo- and enantioselective cyclopropanation, regioselective reduction of dienals, kinetic resolution of planar-chiral compounds, and desymmetrization to induce planar chirality. To explore other types of peptide catalysts, a combinatorial library screening was performed. On the way, it was revealed that a histidyl residue assisted to accelerate a reaction via reversible addition to an iminium intermediate. Through the screening of random peptide libraries, novel peptide sequences for efficient and enantioselective conjugate addition were discovered. Although we have no information about the molecular structure of the newly found peptides, they can be an entry point for establishing a versatile framework of peptide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kudo
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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10
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Kaur J, Chauhan P, Singh S, Chimni SS. Journey Heading towards Enantioselective Synthesis Assisted by Organocatalysis. CHEM REC 2017; 18:137-153. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Swapandeep Singh Chimni
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar India
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11
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Nguyen TN, May JA. Enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate addition of organoboron nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Keiko NA, Vchislo NV. α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in the Synthesis of Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds with One Heteroatom: Recent Advances from Developments in Metal‐ and Organocatalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Keiko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Street 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
| | - N. V. Vchislo
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Street 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
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13
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Nguyen TS, Yang MS, May JA. Experimental mechanistic insight into the BINOL-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of boronates to enones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Bélières M, Chouini-Lalanne N, Déjugnat C. Synthesis, self-assembly, and catalytic activity of histidine-based structured lipopeptides for hydrolysis reactions in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When interfacial catalysis and organocatalysis meet: self-assembling histidine-based lipopeptides catalyse ester hydrolysis in water, depending on aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bélières
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP)
- UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse cedex
- France
| | - N. Chouini-Lalanne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP)
- UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse cedex
- France
| | - C. Déjugnat
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP)
- UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse cedex
- France
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15
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Bos M, Riguet E. Synthesis of chiral γ-lactones by one-pot sequential enantioselective organocatalytic michael addition of boronic acids and diastereoselective intramolecular passerini reaction. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10881-9. [PMID: 25365780 DOI: 10.1021/jo501908z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α,γ-substituted chiral γ-lactones was quickly achieved in a one pot sequential process. The procedure involves an enantioselective organocatalysed transfer of boronic acid to 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one, followed by an intramolecular diastereoselective Passerini-type reaction. The methodology was developed and optimized with N-Boc-indole-2-boronic acid giving access to α-indole-γ-substituted lactones in high yields and good diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric ratios. By applying the process to other boronic acids, the synthesis of structurally diversified α,γ-substituted chiral lactones was also achieved in good yields albeit with lower enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Bos
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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16
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Sugiura M, Kinoshita R, Nakajima M. O-Monoacyltartaric acid catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of a boronic acid to dienones: application to the synthesis of optically active cyclopentenones. Org Lett 2014; 16:5172-5. [PMID: 25248134 DOI: 10.1021/ol502526y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective conjugate addition of styrylboronic acid to dienones was effectively catalyzed by an O-monoacyltartaric acid to afford monostyrylated products with good enantioselectivity. The RCM of the monostyrylated products using the Hoveyda-Grubbs II catalyst afforded optically active cyclopentenones, including a synthetic intermediate of the antitumor agent TEI-9826. The study shows that a diene additive such as 1,6-heptadiene or diallyl ether was essential for the RCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Sugiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University , 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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17
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Grimblat N, Sugiura M, Pellegrinet SC. A hydrogen bond rationale for the enantioselective β-alkenylboration of enones catalyzed by O-monoacyltartaric acids. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6754-8. [PMID: 25001404 DOI: 10.1021/jo5012398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations suggest that O-monoacyl L-tartaric acids catalyze the asymmetric conjugate alkenylboration of enones through transition structures that are stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Formation of a five-membered acyloxyborane is proposed. The hydrogen of the free carboxy group derived from the catalyst interacts with the carbonyl group of the cyclic acyloxyborane, stabilizing the transition structure and reducing the flexibility of the system. Additional stabilizing nonclassical CH···O hydrogen-bond interactions seem to determine the observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Grimblat
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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18
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Chimni SS, Kumar V, Bala N. Design of Peptidyl Thiourea Derivatives as Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Ring Opening ofmeso-Stilbene Oxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Roscales S, Csákÿ AG. Transition-metal-free C–C bond forming reactions of aryl, alkenyl and alkynylboronic acids and their derivatives. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:8215-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free C–C bond forming reactions of boronic acids are new emerging tools in organic synthesis which complement metal-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Roscales
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia Internactional Moncloa
- 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - A. G. Csákÿ
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia Internactional Moncloa
- 28040-Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ho XH, Jung WJ, Shyam PK, Jang HY. Copper–dienamine catalysis: γ-oxyamination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multicatalytic system composed of copper complexes and sec-amine compounds is proposed for γ-oxyamination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Huong Ho
- Division of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Won-Ji Jung
- Division of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Pranab K. Shyam
- Division of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Division of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749, Korea
- Korea Carbon Capture & Sequestration R&D Center
- Deajeon 305-343, Korea
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