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Albino M, Burden TJ, Piras CC, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS, Smith DK. Mechanically Robust Hybrid Gel Beads Loaded with "Naked" Palladium Nanoparticles as Efficient, Reusable, and Sustainable Catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:1678-1689. [PMID: 36778525 PMCID: PMC9906743 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increase in demand for Pd and its low abundance pose a significant threat to its future availability, rendering research into more sustainable Pd-based technologies essential. Herein, we report Pd scavenging mechanically robust hybrid gel beads composed of agarose, a polymer gelator (PG), and an active low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) based on 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS), DBS-CONHNH 2 . The robustness of the PG and the ability of the LMWG to reduce Pd(II) in situ to generate naked Pd(0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) combine within these gel beads to give them potential as practical catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The optimized gel beads demonstrate good reusability, green metrics, and most importantly the ability to sustain stirring, improving reaction times and energy consumption compared to previous examples. In contrast to previous reports, the leaching of palladium from these next-generation beads is almost completely eliminated. Additionally, for the first time, a detailed investigation of these Pd-loaded gel beads explains precisely how the nanoparticles are formed in situ without a stabilizing ligand. Further, detailed catalytic investigations demonstrate that catalysis occurs within the gel beads. Hence, these beads can essentially be considered as robust "nonligated" heterogeneous PdNP catalysts. Given the challenges in developing ligand-free, naked Pd nanoparticles as stable catalysts, these gel beads may have future potential for the development of easily used systems to perform chemical reactions in "kit" form.
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2
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Zhang H, Liang S, Wei D, Xu K, Zeng C. Electrocatalytic Generation of Acyl Radicals and Their Applications. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University 100048 Beijing China
| | - Dengchao Wei
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
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3
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Alam T, Rakshit A, Dhara HN, Palai A, Patel BK. Electrochemical Amidation: Benzoyl Hydrazine/Carbazate and Amine as Coupling Partners. Org Lett 2022; 24:6619-6624. [PMID: 36069423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical amidation of benzoyl hydrazine/carbazate and primary/secondary amine as coupling partners via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2)-N bonds has been achieved. This methodology proceeds under metal-free and exogenous oxidant-free conditions producing N2 and H2 as byproducts. Mechanistic studies reveal the in situ generations of both acyl and N-centered radicals from benzoyl hydrazines and amines. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through a large-scale, and synthesis of bezafibrate, a hyperlipidemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
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4
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Gu J, Liu Y, Shen J, Cao Y, Zhang L, Lu YD, Wang BZ, Zhu HL. A three-channel fluorescent probe for selective detection of ONOO− and its application to cell imaging. Talanta 2022; 244:123401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Ansari A, Tauro S, Asirvatham S. A Systematic Review on Synthetic and Antimicrobial Bioactivity of the Multifaceted Hydrazide Derivatives. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210920141351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
To overcome the upsurge of antimicrobial resistance that has emerged in recent years,
there is a need for the development of newer hits having satisfying anti-infective activity. Hydrazides
incorporated with an azomethine hydrogen account for a cardinal class of molecules for the
development of newer derivatives. Hydrazide derivatives have gained considerable interest of medicinal
chemists owing to their diverse bioactivity. In the present review, we have attempted to
compile the recent trends in the synthesis of hydrazides and their substituted derivatives. The structural
features that lead to the desired antimicrobial activity are highlighted, which will lead the way
for synthetic and medicinal chemists to focus on newer designs in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrin Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research,
Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Savita Tauro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research,
Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahaya Asirvatham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research,
Palghar, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Zhang H, Wang T, Xu K, Zeng C. N-Hydroxyphthalimide-Mediated Electrochemical Denitrogenation of Aroylhydrazides to Generate Acyl Radicals and Their Applications in the Syntheses of Fluorenones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16171-16176. [PMID: 34553932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)-mediated electrochemical denitrogenation of aroylhydrazides is developed for the first time. The in situ generated acyl radicals could be intramolecularly trapped to give fluorenones with high efficiencies. This electrochemical method features external oxidant- and transition metal-free conditions. In addition, the use of the catalytic amount of 2,4,6-collidine as the base makes this method more attractive for the syntheses of fluorenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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7
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Xie S, Su L, Mo M, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Dong J. Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Thioesterification of Aroylhydrazides with Disulfides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:739-749. [PMID: 33301325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An alternative thioesterification reaction via copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of readily available aroylhydrazides with disulfides is developed, in which oxidative expulsion of N2 overcomes the activation barrier between the carboxylic acid derivatives and the products. The reaction produces various thioesters in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. In the reaction, stable and easily available aroylhydrazides are used as acyl sources and the relatively odorless disulfides are used as S sources. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the reaction of copper salt and oxidant (NH4)2S2O8 allows for achievement of tandem processes, including deprotonation, free-radical-mediated denitrogenation, and C-S bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Xie
- Department of Educational Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Lebin Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Min Mo
- Department of Educational Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- Department of Educational Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Różycka D, Korycka-Machała M, Żaczek A, Dziadek J, Gurda D, Orlicka-Płocka M, Wyszko E, Biniek-Antosiak K, Rypniewski W, Olejniczak AB. Novel Isoniazid-Carborane Hybrids Active in Vitro Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120465. [PMID: 33333865 PMCID: PMC7765321 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. The emergence of drug-resistant TB has increased the challenge to eliminate this disease. Isoniazid (INH) remains the key and effective component in the therapeutic regimen recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). A series of isoniazid-carborane derivatives containing 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, 1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, or 7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborate anion were synthesized for the first time. The compounds were tested in vitro against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv strain and its mutant (DkatG) defective in the synthesis of catalase-peroxidase (KatG). N'-((7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaboranyl)methylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (16) showed the highest activity against the wild-type Mtb strain. All hybrids could inhibit the growth of the ΔkatG mutant in lower concentrations than INH. N'-([(1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1yl)ethyl)isonicotinohydrazide (25) exhibited more than 60-fold increase in activity against Mtb DkatG as compared to INH. This compound was also found to be noncytotoxic up to a concentration four times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration 99% (MIC99) value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Różycka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (D.R.); (M.K.-M.); (J.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Korycka-Machała
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (D.R.); (M.K.-M.); (J.D.)
| | - Anna Żaczek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, 2A Kopisto Avenue, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (D.R.); (M.K.-M.); (J.D.)
| | - Dorota Gurda
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14Z. Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (M.O.-P.); (E.W.); (K.B.-A.); (W.R.)
| | - Marta Orlicka-Płocka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14Z. Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (M.O.-P.); (E.W.); (K.B.-A.); (W.R.)
| | - Eliza Wyszko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14Z. Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (M.O.-P.); (E.W.); (K.B.-A.); (W.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Biniek-Antosiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14Z. Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (M.O.-P.); (E.W.); (K.B.-A.); (W.R.)
| | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12/14Z. Noskowskiego St., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (M.O.-P.); (E.W.); (K.B.-A.); (W.R.)
| | - Agnieszka B. Olejniczak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (D.R.); (M.K.-M.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-36-37
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9
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Qin L, Huang CH, Mao L, Shao B, Zhu BZ. First unequivocal identification of the critical acyl radicals from the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid and its hydrazide analogs by complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:1-8. [PMID: 32360612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The carbon-centered isonicotinic acyl radical of isoniazid (INH), a widely-used frontline anti-tuberculosis drug, has been considered to play a critical role in inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not fully identified. Here we show that this radical intermediate can be unequivocally characterized by complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods by employing N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) as the suitable spin-trapping agent, which can form the most stable radical adduct. More importantly, for the first time, analogous carbon-centered acyl radicals and their respective NAD+ adducts have also been detected and identified from its two isomers (nicotinic acid hydrazide and 2-pyridinecarbohydrazide) and benzhydrazide which are structurally-related to INH, but not by 2-chloroisonicotinohydrazide. This study represents the first unequivocal identification of the carbon-centered acyl radicals of INH and other hydrazide analogs by both ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods, which may have broad biomedical and toxicological significance for future research for more efficient hydrazide anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Joint Institute for Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University, Beijing/Hong Kong, PR China.
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10
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Qin L, Huang CH, Xu D, Xie LN, Shao J, Mao L, Kalyanaraman B, Zhu BZ. Molecular mechanism for the activation of the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid by Mn(III): First detection and unequivocal identification of the critical N-centered isoniazidyl radical and its exact location. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:232-239. [PMID: 31319159 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH), the most-widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, has been shown to be activated by Mn(III) to produce the reactive carbon-centered isonicotinic acyl radical, which was considered to be responsible for its anti-tuberculosis activity. However, it is still not clear whether the previously-proposed N-centered isoniazidyl radical intermediate can be initially produced or not; and if so, what is its exact location on the hydrazine group, distal- or proximal-nitrogen? Through complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods, here we show that the characteristic and transient N-centered isoniazidyl radical intermediate can be detected and identified from INH activation uniquely by Mn(III)Acetate not by Mn(III) pyrophosphate. The exact location of the radical was found to be at the distal-nitrogen of the hydrazine group by 15N-isotope-labeling techniques via using 15N-labeled INH. Diisonicotinyl hydrazine was identified as a new reaction product from INH/Mn(III). Analogous results were observed with other hydrazides. This study represents the first detection and unequivocal identification of the initial N-centered isoniazidyl radical and its exact location. These findings should provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanism of INH activation, which may have broad biomedical and toxicological significance for future research for more efficient hydrazide anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | | | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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11
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Tyszczuk‐Rotko K, Sztanke M, Sasal A, Sztanke K. Voltammetry as the First Method for Direct Determination of a Novel Antagonist of A
2A
Adenosine Receptors. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tyszczuk‐Rotko
- Faculty of ChemistryMaria Curie-Skłodowska University 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical ChemistryMedical University of Lublin 4 A Chodźki Street 20-093 Lublin Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sasal
- Faculty of ChemistryMaria Curie-Skłodowska University 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical ChemistryMedical University of Lublin 4 A Chodźki Street 20-093 Lublin Poland
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12
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Dong J, Ren Y, Sun S, Yang J, Nan C, Shi H, Xu J, Duan J, Shi T, Elding LI. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of the anti-tubercular prodrug isoniazid and its analog by iridium(iv) as models for biological redox systems. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 28621793 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A complex reaction mechanism of oxidation of the anti-tubercular prodrug isoniazid (isonicotinic hydrazide, INH) by [IrCl6]2- as a model for redox processes of such drugs in biological systems has been studied in aqueous solution as a function of pH between 0 and 8.5. Similar experiments have been performed with its isomer nicotinic hydrazide (NH). All reactions are overall second-order, first-order in [IrCl6]2- and hydrazide, and the observed second-order rate constants k' have been determined as a function of pH. Spectrophotometric titrations indicate a stoichiometry of [Ir(iv)] : [hydrazide] = 4 : 1. HPLC analysis shows that the oxidation product of INH is isonicotinic acid. The derived reaction mechanism, based on rate law, time-resolved spectra and stoichiometry, involves parallel attacks by [IrCl6]2- on all four protolytic species of INH and NH as rate-determining steps, depending on pH. These steps are proposed to generate two types of hydrazyl free radicals. These radicals react further in three rapid consecutive processes, leading to the final oxidation products. Rate constants for the rate-determining steps have been determined for all protolytic species I-IV of INH and NH. They are used to calculate reactivity-pH diagrams. These diagrams demonstrate that for both systems, species IV is ca. 105 times more reactive in the redox process than the predominant species III at the physiological pH of 7.4. Thus, species IV will be the main reactant, in spite of the fact that its concentration at this pH is extremely low, a fact that has not been considered in previous work. The results indicate that pH changes might be an important factor in the activation process of INH in biological systems also, and that in such systems this process most likely is more complicated than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and the MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jaladanki CK, Shaikh A, Bharatam PV. Biotransformation of Isoniazid by Cytochromes P450: Analyzing the Molecular Mechanism using Density Functional Theory. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2060-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K. Jaladanki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Akbar Shaikh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
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14
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Sztanke M, Sztanke K. Biologically important hydrazide-containing fused azaisocytosines as antioxidant agents. Redox Rep 2017; 22:572-581. [PMID: 28812524 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1364330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two important classes of hydrazide-containing fused azaisocytosines were evaluated as possible antioxidants and characterised by UV spectroscopy. METHODS 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging potencies and reducing power of molecules were evaluated. RESULTS The strongest DPPH scavengers were found to be 9, showing the potency superior to that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PG) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and comparable to that of ascorbic acid (AA), and 6, revealing the antioxidant potency superior to that of BHA, BHT, PG and Trolox. In turn, 3 and 9 were the most promising NO scavengers, exhibiting the potency superior to that of BHA, BHT (3 and 9) and AA (3). The most potent H2O2 scavengers proved to be 10 and 9 showing similar or even better neutralising potency than that of Trolox, BHT and BHA. Simultaneously, the majority of hydrazides revealed higher ferric reducing abilities than that of AA and BHT. Some structure-activity relationships were explored. A possible mechanism for the DPPH radical scavenging ability of hydrazide-containing molecules was proposed. DISCUSSION Hydrazides 3, 6 and 9 with an antioxidant potential better or comparable to that of the well-known antioxidants are proposed as new antioxidant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sztanke
- a Department of Medical Chemistry , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- b Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Department of Medical Chemistry , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
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15
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Chow SY, Odell LR, Eriksson J. Low-Pressure Radical11C-Aminocarbonylation of Alkyl Iodides through Thermal Initiation. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Y. Chow
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Uppsala University; 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Uppsala University; 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Uppsala University; 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Lim S, Lee W, Na S, Shin J, Lee Y. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation during ozonation of N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds: Reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and implications for NDMA formation control. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:119-128. [PMID: 27611639 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Compounds with N,N-dimethylhydrazine moieties ((CH3)2N-N-) form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during ozonation, but the relevant reaction chemistry is hitherto poorly understood. This study investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of NDMA formation during ozonation of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and daminozide (DMZ) as structural model N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds. The reaction of ozone with these NDMA precursor compounds was fast, and kO3 at pH 7 was 2 × 106 M-1 s-1 for UDMH and 5 × 105 M-1 s-1 for DMZ. Molar NDMA yields (i.e., Δ[NDMA]/Δ[precursor] × 100) were 84% and 100% for UDMH and DMZ, respectively, determined at molar ozone dose ratio ([O3]0/[precursor]0) of ≥4 in the presence of tert-butanol as hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger. The molar NDMA yields decreased significantly in the absence of tert-butanol, indicating OH formation and its subsequent reaction with the parent precursors forming negligible NDMA. The kOH at pH 7 was 4.9 × 109 M-1 s-1 and 3.4 × 109 M-1 s-1 for UDMH and DMZ, respectively. Reaction mechanisms are proposed in which an ozone adduct is formed at the nitrogen next to N,N-dimethylamine which decomposes via homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of the -N+-O-O-O- bond, forming NDMA as a final product. The heterolytic cleavage pathway explains the significant OH formation via radical intermediates. Overall, significant NDMA formation was found to be unavoidable during ozonation or even O3/H2O2 treatment of waters containing N,N-dimethylhydrazine compounds due to their rapid reaction with ozone forming NDMA with high yield. Thus, source control or pre-treatment of N,N-dimethylhydrazine precursors and post-treatment of NDMA are proposed as the mitigation options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Lim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbae Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Na
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaedon Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Chow SY, Stevens MY, Åkerbladh L, Bergman S, Odell LR. Mild and Low-Pressurefac-Ir(ppy)3-Mediated Radical Aminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkyl Iodides through Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:9155-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Y. Chow
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marc Y. Stevens
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Linda Åkerbladh
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Bergman
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Uppsala University; Uppsala Biomedical Centre; Uppsala University; P. O. Box 574 75 123 Uppsala Sweden
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18
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Meng X, Maggs JL, Usui T, Whitaker P, French NS, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. Auto-oxidation of Isoniazid Leads to Isonicotinic-Lysine Adducts on Human Serum Albumin. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 28:51-8. [PMID: 25489718 DOI: 10.1021/tx500285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH), a widely used antituberculosis drug, has been associated with serious drug-induced liver injury (DILI). INH-modified proteins have been proposed to play important roles in INH DILI; however, it remains to be determined whether INH or reactive metabolites bind irreversibly to proteins. In this study, mass spectrometry was used to define protein modifications by INH in vitro and in patients taking INH therapy. When INH was incubated with N-acetyl lysine (NAL), the same isonicotinic-NAL (IN-NAL) adducts were detected irrespective of the presence or absence of any oxidative enzymes, indicating auto-oxidation may have been involved. In addition, we found that INH could also bind to human serum albumin (HSA) via an auto-oxidation pathway, forming isonicotinic amide adducts with lysine residues in HSA. Similar adducts were detected in plasma samples isolated from patients taking INH therapy. Our results show that INH forms protein adducts in the absence of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Meng
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - James L Maggs
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Usui
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Whitaker
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. James's Hospital , Leeds LS9 7TF, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil S French
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
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19
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Gao P, Wei Y. Efficient Oxidative Cyclisation of Acid Hydrazides to 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles Catalysed by Bu4NI with t-BuOOH as Oxidant. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13736408126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid hydrazides or araldehyde N-acylhydrazones can be converted in good yields to, respectively, symmetrical or unsymmetrical, 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles at 60 °C by a Bu4NI-catalysed procedure which requires the presence of a base and 2.5 equiv. of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yunyang Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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