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Lee H, Nam H, Lee SY. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Variations on α-Iminonitriles: Harnessing Chiral Cyclopropenimine-Thiourea Organocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3065-3074. [PMID: 38281151 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1-pyrrolines containing a nitrile motif serve as crucial structural scaffolds in biologically active molecules and exhibit diversity as building blocks owing to their valuable functional groups; however, the asymmetric synthesis of such compounds remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present an enantio- and diastereoselective method for the synthesis of α-chiral nitrile-containing 1-pyrroline derivatives bearing vicinal stereocenters through the design and introduction of chiral cyclopropenimine-based bifunctional catalysts featuring a thiourea moiety. This synthesis entails a highly stereoselective conjugate addition of α-iminonitriles to a wide array of enones, followed by cyclocondensation, thereby affording a series of cyanopyrroline derivatives, some of which contain all-carbon quaternary centers. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthetic utility of this strategy by performing a gram-scale reaction with 1% catalyst loading, along with a variety of chemoselective transformations of the product, including the synthesis of a vildagliptin analogue. Finally, we showcase the selective synthesis of all four stereoisomers of the cyanopyrroline products through trans-to-cis isomerization, highlighting the versatility of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooseung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Filippov IP, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF, Rostovskii NV. One-Pot Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 1-Pyrrolines from 2-Alkyl-2 H-azirines and Diazocarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8835-8840. [PMID: 35732058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the synthesis of 1-pyrrolines based on formal [4 + 1] annulation of 2-alkyl-2H-azirines with diazocarbonyl compounds has been developed. This one-pot approach includes the Rh(II)-catalyzed formation of 4-alkyl-2-azabuta-1,3-dienes, followed by the DBU-promoted cyclization, and features a good substrate tolerance. The 1-pyrrolines containing an ester group at the C3 were prepared in a three-step one-pot procedure starting from 5-alkoxyisoxazoles. The cyclization of 2-azabutadienes to 1-pyrrolines most likely proceeds via the 6π electrocyclization of a conjugated NH-azomethine ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya P Filippov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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3
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Teng Q, Tan YC, Miao CB, Sun XQ, Yang HT. Tunable Copper-Catalyzed Reaction of C60 with 2-Ethoxycarbonylacetamides and Subsequent BF3·Et2O-Mediated Isomerization of the Generated Dihydrofuran-Fused Fullerenes to Fulleropyrrolidinones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15268-15276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yi-Chen Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chun-Bao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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4
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Liu B, Zhang ZM, Xu B, Xu S, Wu HH, Liu Y, Zhang J. Cu(i)-catalyzed Michael addition of ketiminoesters to β-trifluoromethyl β,β-disubstituted enones: rapid access to 1-pyrrolines bearing a quaternary all-carbon stereocenter. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral pyrrolines with two contiguous stereocenters, including a trifluoromethylated quaternary all-carbon stereocenter, were provided from β-trifluoromethyl β,β-disubstituted enones and glycine ketoimino ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Bing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Shan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Hai-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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5
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Hui C, Pu F, Xu J. Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition in Natural Product Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 23:4023-4036. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fan Pu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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6
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Zhu X, Chiba S. Construction of 1-pyrroline skeletons by Lewis acid-mediated conjugate addition of vinyl azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2473-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10299e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid-mediated conjugate addition of vinyl azides to electron-deficient alkenes led to the efficient construction of 1-pyrroline skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
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8
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Boominathan SSK, Hu W, Senadi GC, Wang J. Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reaction: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines
via
a 5‐
endo
‐
dig
Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan‐Ping Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Gopal Chandru Senadi
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeh‐Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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9
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Armstrong EL, Grover HK, Kerr MA. Scandium Triflate-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Additions to Indolylmethyl Meldrum’s Acid Derivatives via a Gramine-Type Fragmentation: Synthesis of Substituted Indolemethanes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10534-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4017524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Huck K. Grover
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Michael A. Kerr
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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10
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Chandan N, Moloney MG. A direct route to 2,2,5-trisubstituted pyrrolidines of relevance to kaitocephalin. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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