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Abstract
The β-lactams constitute a well-known class of compounds having tremendous biological significance. Besides being a motif of biological interest, they serve as versatile synthons in organic chemistry. In fact, their easy accessibility in the laboratory by several methods combined with inherent reactivity of the β -lactam ring due to ring-strain places it among the most sought for substrate in the arsenal of synthetic organic chemists. Several chemical reagents, heat, and light promote its ring-opening, ring-expansions and rearrangement reactions yielding a wide variety of biologically relevant nitrogen-containing acyclic and heterocyclic compounds. In recent years, the reactivity of differently functionalized β-lactam rings towards diverse kinds of reagents has been investigated. These investigations exploit selective bond cleavage of the β-lactam nucleus via N1-C2, C3- C4, C2-C3 or N1-C4 bond cleavage using simple reagents. The reduction of amide carbonyl group, thionation, and pyrolysis/photolysis have also been explored. These investigations have led to the discovery of many easy synthetic methods for biologically important classes of compounds such as β-amino acids, β-amino esters, amino sugars, amino alcohols, peptides, azetidines, and other heterocyclic compounds. This article discusses the advances made in the studies on the reactivity of β- lactam ring during the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth O. Ombito
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, P. Bag: 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Girija S. Singh
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, P. Bag: 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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Pérez-Ruíz R, Lence E, Andreu I, Limones-Herrero D, González-Bello C, Miranda MA, Jiménez MC. A New Pathway for Protein Haptenation by β-Lactams. Chemistry 2017; 23:13986-13994. [PMID: 28791745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The covalent binding of β-lactams to proteins upon photochemical activation has been demonstrated by using an integrated approach that combines photochemical, proteomic and computational studies, selecting human serum albumin (HSA) as a target protein and ezetimibe (1) as a probe. The results have revealed a novel protein haptenation pathway for this family of drugs that is an alternative to the known nucleophilic ring opening of β-lactams by the free amino group of lysine residues. Thus, photochemical ring splitting of the β-lactam ring, following a formal retro-Staudinger reaction, gives a highly reactive ketene intermediate that is trapped by the neighbouring lysine residues, leading to an amide adduct. For the investigated 1/HSA system, covalent modification of residues Lys414 and Lys525, which are located in sub-domains IIIA and IIIB, respectively, occurs. The observed photobinding may constitute the key step in the sequence of events leading to photoallergy. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies provide an insight into the molecular basis of the selectivity of 1 for these HSA sub-domains and the covalent modification mechanism. Computational studies also reveal positive cooperative binding of sub-domain IIIB that explains the experimentally observed modification of Lys414, which is located in a barely accessible pocket (sub-domain IIIA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain.,Present address: Instituto Imdea Energía, Parque Tecnológico de Móstoles, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 3., 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Limones-Herrero
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071, Valencia, Spain
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Zavar S, Zarei M, Saraei M. Synthesis of β-lactams via Staudinger reaction using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline as a carboxylic acid activator. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1244691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Zavar
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maaroof Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Saraei
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Zarei M. β-Lactam Preparation via Staudinger Reaction with Activated Dimethylsulfoxide. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaroof Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Hormozgan University; Bandar Abbas 71961 Iran
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Wolosewicz K, Michalak M, Adamek J, Furman B. Studies on the Enantioselective Kinugasa Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of β-Lactams Catalyzed byN-PINAP/CuX Complexes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Casarrubios L, Esteruelas MA, Larramona C, Muntaner JG, Oñate E, Sierra MA. 2-Azetidinones as Precursors of Pincer Ligands: Preparation, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of CC′N-Osmium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10998-1006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Larramona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime G. Muntaner
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Casarrubios L, Esteruelas MA, Larramona C, Lledós A, Muntaner JG, Oñate E, Ortuño MA, Sierra MA. Mechanistic Insight into the Facilitation of β-Lactam Fragmentation through Metal Assistance. Chemistry 2015; 21:16781-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pérez-Ruiz R, Sáez JA, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Cycloreversion of β-lactams via photoinduced electron transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8428-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With DABCO as an electron donor, photoinduced cycloreversion of β-lactams leads to olefins through 1,4-radical anions and 1,4-biradicals as intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose A. Sáez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
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