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Khan IA, Alzahrani AS, Ali S, Mansha M, Tahir MN, Khan M, Qayyum HA, Khan SA. Development of Membranes and Separators to Inhibit Cross-Shuttling of Sulfur in Polysulfide-Based Redox Flow Batteries: A Review. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300171. [PMID: 37606899 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The global rapid transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources necessitates the implementation of long-duration energy storage technologies owing to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the deployment of grid-scale energy storage systems is inevitable. Sulfur-based batteries can be exploited as excellent energy storage devices owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost of raw materials, low risk of environmental hazards, and highest theoretical capacities (gravimetric: 2600 Wh/kg and volumetric: 2800 Wh/L). However, sulfur-based batteries exhibit certain scientific limitations, such as polysulfide crossover, which causes rapid capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiency, thereby hindering their implementation at a commercial scale. In this review article, we focus on the latest research developments between 2012-2023 to improve the separators/membranes and overcome the shuttle effect associated with them. Various categories of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) used in redox batteries, particularly polysulfide redox flow batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, advances in IEM constituents are summarized to gain insights into different fundamental strategies for attaining targeted characteristics, and a critical analysis is proposed to highlight their efficiency in mitigating sulfur cross-shuttling issues. Finally, future prospects and recommendations are suggested for future research toward the fabrication of more effective membranes with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibad Ali Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Adil Qayyum
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of General Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabi
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Javed A, Palafox Gonzalez P, Thangadurai V. A Critical Review of Electrolytes for Advanced Low- and High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37326582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising source of power generation due to their high efficiency compared with coal combustion engines and eco-friendly design. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), being the critical component of PEMFCs, determine their overall performance. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) based Nafion and nonfluorinated-based polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are commonly used for low- and high-temperature PEMFCs, respectively. However, these membranes have some drawbacks such as high cost, fuel crossover, and reduction in proton conductivity at high temperatures for commercialization. Here, we report the requirements of functional properties of PEMs for PEMFCs, the proton conduction mechanism, and the challenges which hinder their commercial adaptation. Recent research efforts have been focused on the modifications of PEMs by composite materials to overcome their drawbacks such as stability and proton conductivity. We discuss some current developments in membranes for PEMFCs with special emphasis on hybrid membranes based on Nafion, PBI, and other nonfluorinated proton conducting membranes prepared through the incorporation of different inorganic, organic, and hybrid fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroosa Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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3
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Soyekwo F, Liu C, Hu Y. Crosslinked copolystyrenes based membranes bearing alkylcarboxylated and alkylsulfonated side chains for organic solvent nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Lee S, Abdi ZG, Chen J, Chen K. Optimal method for preparing sulfonated polyaryletherketones with high ion exchange capacity by acid‐catalyzed crosslinking for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Zelalem Gudeta Abdi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Chien Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuei‐Hsien Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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5
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Mojarrad AG, Zakavi S. Significantly Increased Stability of Donor-Acceptor Molecular Complexes under Heterogeneous Conditions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photosensitizing Activity of a Nanostructured Porphyrin-Lewis Acid Adduct. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46190-46204. [PMID: 32967421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While the BF3 complexes of meso-tetra(aryl)porphyrins are readily decomposed into their components under aqueous conditions, immobilization of meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (H2TMPyP) on a nanosized polymer (sodium salt of Amberlyst 15, nanoAmbSO3Na) formed a water-stable BF3 complex applicable for efficient aerobic photooxidation of 1,5-dihydroxylnaphthalene and sulfides under green conditions. NanoAmbSO3@H2TMPyP(BF3)2 was characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermal gravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The catalyst was successfully used for 10 consecutive reactions with no detectable degradation of the complex and decrease in the catalyst activity. NanoAmbSO3@H2TMPyP(BF3)2 was also completely stable toward dissociation to its components under different light conditions in acetonitrile. The singlet oxygen quantum yields φΔ of H2TMPyP, nanoAmbSO3@H2TMPyP, and their molecular complexes with BF3, determined chemically by using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, revealed substantially higher values in the case of the heterogenized porphyrin and molecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida G Mojarrad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Saeed Zakavi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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6
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Balding P, Li MC, Wu Q, Volkovinsky R, Russo P. Cellulose Nanocrystal-Polyelectrolyte Hybrids for Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3015-3027. [PMID: 35025348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), with their rodlike shape and nanoscale dimensions, greatly improve the filtration performance of bentonite-containing, water-based drilling fluids (BT-WDFs) through interactions with the BT platelets. When these WDFs are exposed to high salt concentrations, though, their fluid retention properties are greatly diminished due to reduced CNC-BT interaction and BT aggregation/flocculation. Consequently, we reduce BT-BT interaction at high salt by grafting polyelectrolytes (PE) to CNC particles (CNC-PE) to enhance CNC-BT interactions when incorporating these hybrid particles with BT-WDFs. The particles sterically and electrostatically screen BT platelets from associating, thus improving fluid filtration performance at high salt. Three types of CNC modifications were carried out: grafting from direct surface initiation, modification with vinyl-terminated glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) before grafting, and physical mixing of CNC with a polymer. These modifications were performed using three polyelectrolyte materials: anionic polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), cationic polyacrylamide (PAM), and a random copolymer of PSS and PAM (PSS-co-PAM). Formulations containing CNC-PEs prepared by covalent grafting exhibited superior filtration properties compared to those in which CNCs and PEs were physically mixed. The higher graft loading achieved with the GMA method resulted in poorer filtration results compared to the direct grafting method due to CNC-PE interparticle cross-linking. PSS-modified CNC-PEs appeared to attach to BT edges, while PAM-modified CNC-PEs attached to the BT faces. These interactions disrupted BT aggregation, with the PSS-co-PAM CNC hybrid displaying the most desired filtration properties. The results highlight the importance of steric and charge stabilization of the BT particle edges and faces to achieve high-performance WDFs for well excavation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Balding
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ron Volkovinsky
- Chattahoochee High School, Johns Creek, Georgia 30022, United States.,Open Polymer Active Learning Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul Russo
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Schiavone MM, Iwase H, Takata SI, Radulescu A. The Multilevel Structure of Sulfonated Syndiotactic-Polystyrene Model Polyelectrolyte Membranes Resolved by Extended Q-Range Contrast Variation SANS. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E136. [PMID: 31652905 PMCID: PMC6918273 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membranes based on sulfonated synditoactic polystyrene (s-sPS) were thoroughly characterized by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) over a wide Q-range in dry and hydrated states. Following special sulfonation and treatment procedures, s-sPS is an attractive material for fuel cells and energy storage applications. The film samples were prepared by solid-state sulfonation, resulting in uniform sulfonation of only the amorphous phase while preserving the crystallinity of the membrane. Fullerenes, which improve the resistance to oxidation decomposition, were incorporated in the membranes. The fullerenes seem to be chiefly located in the amorphous regions of the samples, and do not influence the formation and evolution of the morphologies in the polymer films, as no significant differences were observed in the SANS patterns compared to the fullerenes-free s-sPS membranes, which were investigated in a previous study. The use of uniaxially deformed film samples, and neutron contrast variation allowed for the identification and characterization of different structural levels with sizes between nm and μm, which form and evolve in both the dry and hydrated states. The scattering length density of the crystalline regions was varied using the guest exchange procedure between different toluene isotopologues incorporated into the sPS lattice, while the variation of the scattering properties of the hydrated amorphous regions was achieved using different H2O/D2O mixtures. Due to the deformation of the films, the scattering characteristics of different structures can be distinguished on specific detection sectors and at different detection distances after the sample, depending on their size and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Maddalena Schiavone
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Takata
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (JPARC), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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8
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Zhang W, Chen S, Chen D, Ye Z. Sulfonated Binaphthyl-Containing Poly(arylene ether ketone)s with Rigid Backbone and Excellent Film-Forming Capability for Proton Exchange Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1287. [PMID: 30961212 PMCID: PMC6401844 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically hindered (S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol had been successfully copolymerized with 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone to yield fibrous poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) containing various amounts of binaphthyl unit, which was then selectively and efficiently sulfonated using ClSO₃H to yield sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) with ion exchange capacities (IECs) ranging from 1.40 to 1.89 mmol·g-1. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by 2D ¹H⁻¹H COSY NMR and FT-IR. The thermal properties, water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, oxidative stability and mechanical properties of SPAEKs were investigated in detail. It was found that the conjugated but non-coplanar structure of binaphthyl unit endorsed excellent solubility and film-forming capability to SPAEKs. The SPAEK-50 with an IEC of 1.89 mmol·g-1 exhibited a proton conductivity of 102 mS·cm-1 at 30 °C, much higher than that of the state-of-the-art Nafion N212 membrane and those of many previously reported aromatic analogs, which may be attributed to the likely large intrinsic free volume of SPAEKs created by the highly twisted chain structures and the desirable microscopic morphology. Along with the remarkable water affinity, thermal stabilities and mechanical properties, the SPAEKs were demonstrated to be promising proton exchange membrane (PEM) candidates for potential membrane separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmeng Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Dongyang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Zhuoliang Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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9
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Jin C, Zhu X, Zhang S, Li S. Highly conductive flexible alkylsulfonated side chains poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s for proton exchange membranes. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Shen B, Zhao X, Li J, Ren Q. Proton-conducting poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups by a convenient and mild post-sulfonation. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A class of new poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups on the sulfonated structural units were designed and the resulting membranes exhibited overall good performance at low IEC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Bin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
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11
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12
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Kang SY, Lim YN, Cheong YJ, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ko YJ, Lee BY, Jang HY, Son SU. Nanoseeded Catalytic Terpolymerization of CO, Ethylene, and Propylene by Size-Controlled SiO2@Sulfonated Microporous Organic Polymer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yu Na Lim
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yeon-Joo Cheong
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory
of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NCIRF, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department
of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Wonchon-dong, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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13
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Novel proton conducting membranes based on copolymers containing hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polystyrenes. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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15
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Park N, Lim YN, Kang SY, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ko YJ, Lee BY, Jang HY, Son SU. Hollow and Microporous Organic Polymers Bearing Sulfonic Acids: Antifouling Seed Materials for Polyketone Synthesis. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1322-1326. [PMID: 35651200 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactor fouling is a notorious obstacle in managing continuous synthetic processes of polyketones. The fouling raises synthetic costs and reduces the bulk density of polymers. Thus, efficient seed materials are required for antifouling performance. Hollow microporous organic polymers (HMOPs) were prepared using ZIF-8 nanoparticles as templating materials. Sulfonic groups were incorporated into HMOP via a post synthetic approach. The resultant HMOP-SO3H (20-90 μg/mL in methanol) showed successful catalyst activation and antifouling performance in polyketone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojin Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yu Na Lim
- Division
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Shin Young Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Moon Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 350-333, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 350-333, Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory
of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University
Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department
of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Wonchon-dong, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Division
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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16
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Highly conductive proton exchange membranes from sulfonated polyphosphazene-graft-copolystyrenes doped with sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Ouyang L, Musumeci C, Jafari MJ, Ederth T, Inganäs O. Imaging the Phase Separation Between PEDOT and Polyelectrolytes During Processing of Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19764-73. [PMID: 26290062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treating PEDOT PSS (Clevios) with certain additives, such as ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sorbitol, has been shown to increase the conductivity of this material from roughly 1 to nearly 1000 S/cm. Using a slow drying method, we show that the additive induced a separation between free PSS and reorganized PEDOT PSS complexes in the highly conductive PEDOT PSS films. Additives (DMSO, DEG, and PEG 400) were included in PEDOT PSS aqueous dispersions at large volume fractions. The mixtures were slowly dried under room conditions. During drying, the evaporation of water resulted in an additive-rich solvent mixture from which the reorganized PEDOT PSS complexes aggregated into a dense film while free PSS remained in the solution. Upon complete drying, PSS formed a transparent rim film around the conducting PEDOT film. The chemical compositions of the two phases were studied using an infrared microscope. This removal of PSS resulted in more compact packing of PEDOT molecules, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope measurements suggested the enrichment of PEDOT on the film surface after PSS separation. Through a simple drying process in an additive-containing dispersion, the conductivity of PEDOT films increased from 0.1 to 200-400 S/cm. Through this method, we confirmed the existence of two phases in additive-treated and highly conductive PEDOT PSS films. The proper separation between PSS and PEDOT will be of relevance in designing strategies to process high-performance plastic electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqi Ouyang
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM and ‡Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM and ‡Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mohammad J Jafari
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM and ‡Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM and ‡Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM and ‡Molecular Physics, IFM, Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Fu F, Xu H, Dong Y, He M, Zhang Z, Luo T, Zhang Y, Hao X, Zhu C. Design of polyphosphazene-based graft copolystyrenes with alkylsulfonate branch chains for proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Sharma PP, Gahlot S, Bhil BM, Gupta H, Kulshrestha V. An environmentally friendly process for the synthesis of an fGO modified anion exchange membrane for electro-membrane applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) based on chemically covalently modified graphene oxide (GO) for electrodialysis and fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem P. Sharma
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Swati Gahlot
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Batuk M. Bhil
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Hariom Gupta
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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20
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Buonerba A, Speranza V, Canton P, Capacchione C, Milione S, Grassi A. Novel nanostructured semicrystalline ionomers by chemoselective sulfonation of multiblock copolymers of syndiotactic polystyrene with polybutadiene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang L, Qi D, Zhang G, Zhao C, Na H. Crosslinked tri-side-chain-type sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketones) with enhanced proton conductivity by a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked poly(arylene ether ketones) containing multi-pendent sulfonic groups were prepared by the Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in order to solve the problem of high methanol crossover and maintain other high performances at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Alan G MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Qi
- Alan G MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Alan G MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- Alan G MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Na
- Alan G MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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22
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Pang J, Feng S, Yu Y, Zhang H, Jiang Z. Poly(aryl ether ketone) containing flexible tetra-sulfonated side chains as proton exchange membranes. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Sheng L, Higashihara T, Ueda M, Hayakawa T. Poly(arylene ether ether nitrile)s containing flexible alkylsulfonated side chains for polymer electrolyte membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry; Kanagawa University; 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa-ku Yokohama 221-8686 Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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24
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Li D, Li Z, Hu F, Long S, Zhang G, Yang J. Pendant crosslinked poly(aryl ether sulfone) copolymers sulfonated on backbone for proton exchange membranes. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Analysis and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Fei Hu
- College of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shengru Long
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Analysis and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Analysis and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Analysis and Testing Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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25
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Block copolystyrene derivatives having flexible alkylsulfonated side chains and hydrophobic alkoxy chains as a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Buonerba A, Speranza V, Grassi A. Novel Synthetic Strategy for the Sulfonation of Polybutadiene and Styrene–Butadiene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301972m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Buonerba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte
don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- NANOMATES, Research Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology at Salerno University, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Vito Speranza
- NANOMATES, Research Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology at Salerno University, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte
don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte
don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- NANOMATES, Research Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology at Salerno University, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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