1
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Understanding the thermal-annealing-generated stable structure of phthalocyanine derivative/polymer bicomponent systems through scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Vertommen S, Battaglini E, Salatelli E, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G. The Importance of Excellent π-π Interactions in Poly(thiophene)s To Reach a High Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9668-9679. [PMID: 33115240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(thiophene)s have an inherently large third-order nonlinear optical (TONO) response, but applications are not straightforward due to unoptimized materials. Therefore, several structure-property relationships (molar mass, branching, regioregularity) are investigated to unravel which structural modifications give the highest TONO response. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) with different molar masses, poly[3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene] with different molar masses, and random copolymers with different degrees of regioregularity are synthesized and measured by UV-vis spectroscopy and the third harmonic scattering technique. Every structural modification that leads to an increase in π-π interactions in poly(thiophene)s leads to an increase in the TONO response of the material. Therefore, a material with a high molar mass, an unbranched alkyl side chain, and a high regioregularity degree is preferably tested as a promising TONO material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stien Vertommen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Elena Battaglini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, box 2416, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, box 2416, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, box 2425, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, Heverlee, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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3
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Li JK, Shao MY, Yang ZY, Guskova O. The merging mechanisms of poly(3-hexylthiophene) domains revealed through scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Li JK, Shao MY, Yu M, Zhang W, Yang ZY, Yu G, Xu J, Cui W. Revealing the Influences of Solvent Boiling Point and Alkyl Chains on the Adlayer Crystallinity of Furan-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Thienylene Copolymer at Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:141-147. [PMID: 31841009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystallinity of the polymer poly(3,6-difuran-2-yl-2,5-di(2-octyldodecyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-altthieylenevinylene) (PDVF) adlayers casted from low-boiling-point (L-bp), medium-bp (M-bp), and high-bp (H-bp) solvents was investigated through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and analyzed by the assistance of Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Crystallinity of the PDVF adlayers increases evidently from the L- to H-bp solvents. Also, the solvent with an alkyl chain such as ethylbenzene (EB) facilitates in improving the crystallinity than the one without an alkyl chain such as chlorobenzene (CB) if the solvent bp is present in the same group. The HSP space discloses that EB is a marginal solvent for PDVF in contrast to CB. Quasi-isolate PDVF in the EB solution revealed by MD simulations facilitates the formation of crystallized domains through surface assembling mechanism. However, in CB, interconnected PDVF molecules through intermolecular overlapping tend to generate amorphous structures through direct deposition of the preformed structures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kuo Li
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Shao
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2 Zhongguancun North First Street , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2 Zhongguancun North First Street , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road , Shanghai 200093 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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6
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Timmermans B, Koeckelberghs G. Chiral expression of co-crystallizing poly(thiophene)- block-poly(selenophene) copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the chiral expression of co-crystallizing block copolymers is investigated for the first time.
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7
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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8
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Verheyen L, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Effect of the Nature and the Position of Defects on the Chiral Expression in Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lize Verheyen
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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9
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Van Goethem C, Mulunda MM, Verbeke R, Koschine T, Wübbenhorst M, Zhang Z, Nies E, Dickmann M, Egger W, Vankelecom IFJ, Koeckelberghs G. Increasing Membrane Permeability by Increasing the Polymer Crystallinity: The Unique Case of Polythiophenes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Dickmann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Physik Department E21, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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10
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Cao H, Van Den Eede MP, Koeckelberghs G, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Direct observation of the influence of chirality on the microstructure of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:153-156. [PMID: 27841384 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The degree of order of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s on atomically flat surfaces is strongly influenced by interchain interactions. Regularly ordered, disordered and amorphous microstructures are observed for achiral, homochiral and meso poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, respectively, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cao
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Paule Van Den Eede
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Duan XL, Chen HJ, Huang JY, Liu ZF, Li JK, Yang ZY, Zhang WF, Yu G. Tracking the Evolution of Polymer Interface Films during the Process of Thermal Annealing at the Domain and Single Molecular Levels using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9437-9444. [PMID: 27605160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural evolution of polymer (NTZ12) interface films during the process of annealing is revealed at the domain and single molecular levels using the statistical data measured from scanning tunneling microscopy images and through theoretical calculations. First, common features of the interface films are examined. Then, mean values of surface-occupied ratio, size and density of the domain are used to reveal the intrinsic derivation of the respective stages. Formation of new domains is triggered at 70 °C, but domain ripening is not activated. At 110 °C, the speed of formation of new domains is almost balanced by the consumption due to the ripening process. However, formation of new domains is reduced heavily at 150 °C but restarted at 190 °C. At the single molecular level, the ratio of the average length of linear to curved backbones is increased during annealing, whereas the ratios of the total length and the total number of linear to curved skeletons reaches a peak value at 150 °C. The two major conformations of curved backbones for all samples are 120° and 180° bending, but the ripening at 150 °C reduces 180° folding dramatically. Molecular dynamic simulations disclose the fast relaxing process of curved skeletons at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Kuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Padula D, Santoro F, Pescitelli G. A simple dimeric model accounts for the vibronic ECD spectra of chiral polythiophenes in their aggregated states. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of chiral polythiophenes (PTs) show exciton-coupled electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with a unique vibronic structure, which can be reproduced by quantum dynamical simulations on the coupled states of small dimeric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Padula
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – CNR
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR)
- UOS di Pisa
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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13
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Willot P, Teyssandier J, Dujardin W, Adisoejoso J, De Feyter S, Moerman D, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Koeckelberghs G. Direct visualization of microphase separation in block copoly(3-alkylthiophene)s. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A copoly(3-alkylthiophene) block copolymer was synthesized in a one-pot block copolymerization reaction, starting from a functional o-tolyl initiator in order to maximize A–B diblock copolymer formation. The microphase separation behaviour was directly visualized using STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Willot
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Jinne Adisoejoso
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - David Moerman
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons – UMONS/ Materia Nova
- B7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons – UMONS/ Materia Nova
- B7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons – UMONS/ Materia Nova
- B7000 Mons
- Belgium
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Willot P, Steverlynck J, Moerman D, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Koeckelberghs G. Poly(3-alkylthiophene) with tuneable regioregularity: synthesis and self-assembling properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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