1
|
Boer DD, Siberie Q, Siegler MA, Ferber TH, Moritz DC, Hofmann JP, Hetterscheid DGH. On the Homogeneity of a Cobalt-Based Water Oxidation Catalyst. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4597-4607. [PMID: 35465245 PMCID: PMC9016703 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The homogeneity of
molecular Co-based water oxidation catalysts
(WOCs) has been a subject of debate over the last 10 years as assumed
various homogeneous Co-based WOCs were found to actually form CoOx under operating conditions. The homogeneity
of the Co(HL) (HL = N,N-bis(2,2′-bipyrid-6-yl)amine) system was investigated
with cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance,
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results
were compared with heterogeneous CoOx.
Although it is shown that Co(HL) interacts with the electrode
during electrocatalysis, the formation of CoOx was not observed. Instead, a molecular deposit of Co(HL) was found to be formed on the electrode surface. This study
shows that deposition of catalytic material is not necessarily linked
to the decomposition of homogeneous cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daan den Boer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, RA, Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin Siberie
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, RA, Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore 21218 Maryland, United States
| | - Thimo H. Ferber
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dominik C. Moritz
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Misawa-Suzuki T, Ikeda R, Komatsu R, Toriba R, Miyamoto R, Nagao H. Geometry and Electronic Structures of Cobalt(II) and Iron(III) Complexes Bearing Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ether or Alkylbis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Luna Barros M, Cushion MG, Schwarz AD, Turner ZR, Mountford P. Magnesium, calcium and zinc [N 2N'] heteroscorpionate complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4124-4138. [PMID: 30638242 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of sterically demanding N2N' heteroscorpionate pro-ligands (HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2N(H)R (R = iPr, tBu, Ph, Xyl)) has been prepared via a straightforward modular synthetic route. An extensive study into the synthesis and characterisation of lithium, magnesium, calcium and zinc complexes supported by both 3,5-tBu and 3,5-Me substituted N2N' ligand families has been conducted. Attempted deprotonation of the pro-ligands with nBuLi afforded the corresponding lithium salts Li{HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2NR} (R = iPr (1), tBu (2), Ph (3) and Xyl (4)) but air- and thermal-sensitivity limited the yields of these potentially useful precursors; only the sterically encumbered ligand system allowed clean reactivity. Magnesium methyl complexes Mg{HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2NR}Me (R = iPr (5) and R = Ph (6)) were prepared using an excess of the Grignard reagent MeMgCl. Magnesium butyl complexes were synthesised in good yields using the dialkyl precursor MgnBu2 to afford Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}nBu (R' = Me; R = iPr (7), tBu (8), Ad (9), Ph (10). R' = tBu; R = iPr (11), Ph (12)). Protonolylsis reactions were used to synthesise magnesium and calcium amide complexes Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiHMe2)2} (R' = Me; R = iPr (13), tBu (14), Ph (15). R' = tBu; R = Ph (16)) or Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiMe3)2} (R' = Me; R = iPr (17), tBu (18), Ph (19). R' = tBu; R = Ph (20)), and Ca{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiMe2)2} (L) (R' = Me; L = thf; R = iPr (21), tBu (22), Ph (23). R' = tBu; L = none; R = Ph (24). Zinc methyl complexes Zn{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}Me (R' = Me; R = iPr (25), tBu (26), Ph (27). R' = tBu; R = Ph (28)) were prepared by reaction of the N2N' heteroscorpionate pro-ligands with ZnMe2. In preliminary studies, magnesium amide complexes 16 and 20 were evaluated as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and rac-lactide (rac-LA). Although the overall polymerisation control was poor, 16 and 20 were found to be active initiators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna Barros
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu G, Bai H, Zhang B, Peng H. Role of Organic Components in Electrocatalysis for Renewable Energy Storage. Chemistry 2018; 24:18271-18292. [PMID: 30156031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide electroreduction and water splitting are known as two promising strategies to convert renewable intermittent electrical energy into chemical energy. Thus, the three half-reactions, namely, CO2 reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and the oxygen evolution counter reaction, in these two electrolytic processes have attracted wide research interest. Organic polymer electrocatalysts or electrocatalysts containing organic components play important roles in these catalytic processes. It has been shown that the organic molecules can efficiently catalyze the reactions themselves, and modulate the active sites towards high selectivity and efficiency. The roles of the organic molecules in conducting polymers, the metal complexes, and the framework materials are extracted for the three half-reactions mentioned above, and this comprehensive review will serve as a guide for future research and aid in the design of electrocatalysts related to organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilken M, Würtele C, Kügler M, Chrobak F, Siewert I. Thermochemistry of a Cobalt Complex with Ionisable Pyrazole Protons. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Wilken
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Merle Kügler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Frank Chrobak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khosrowabadi Kotyk JF, Hanna CM, Combs RL, Ziller JW, Yang JY. Intramolecular hydrogen-bonding in a cobalt aqua complex and electrochemical water oxidation activity. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2750-2755. [PMID: 29732059 PMCID: PMC5912104 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation is catalysed in Nature by a redox cofactor embedded in a hydrogen-bonded network designed to orchestrate proton transfer throughout the challenging 4 electron reaction.
Water oxidation is catalysed in Nature by a redox cofactor embedded in a hydrogen-bonded network designed to orchestrate proton transfer throughout the challenging 4 electron reaction. In order to mimic aspects of this microenvironment, [CoLDMA(CH3CN)2][BF4]2 (2) was synthesized, where LDMA is a dipyridyldiamine ligand with two dimethylamine bases in the secondary coordination sphere. Structural characterization of the corresponding aqua complexes establish hydrogen bonding between the bound water and pendant base(s). Cyclic voltammetry of [CoLDMA(CH3CN)2][BF4]2 (2) reveals enhanced oxidative current upon titration with water and controlled potential electrolysis confirms evolution of O2. The related complex [CoLH(CH3CN)2][BF4]2 (1), which has the same primary coordination environment as 2 but lacks pendant bases, is inactive. The structural and electrochemical studies illustrate the role positioned proton relays can play in promoting redox reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin M Hanna
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , USA .
| | - Rebecca L Combs
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , USA .
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , USA .
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manzano BR, Jalón FA, Carrión MC, Durá G. Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)(pyridin-x-yl)methane Ligands - Mono- or Ditopic Ligands in Complexes and Supramolecular Frameworks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca R. Manzano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. C. J. Cela, 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. C. J. Cela, 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - M. Carmen Carrión
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. C. J. Cela, 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha (Fundación PCTCLM); Bulevar Río Alberche s/n 45007 Toledo Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. C. J. Cela, 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jacob GV, Sutradhar S, Patnaik A. Proton switching as a driving force for the metal–organic complex-mediated growth of gold colloids. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mono-protonated (bis(4′-(4-pyridyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)iron(ii)) complex [[Fe(ptpy)(Hptpy)](PF6)3] acts as a structure directing agent for larger gold colloids in the present investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeeb Sutradhar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Das D, Pattanayak S, Singh KK, Garai B, Sen Gupta S. Electrocatalytic water oxidation by a molecular cobalt complex through a high valent cobalt oxo intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11787-11790. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biuret-modified tetraamidomacrocyclic cobalt complex [CoIII-bTAML]− is shown to catalyze electrochemical water oxidation at basic pH leading to the formation of O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Das
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Santanu Pattanayak
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Kundan K. Singh
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Bikash Garai
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kügler M, Gałęzowska J, Schendzielorz F, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Siewert I. Dinuclear Zinc and Cobalt Complexes with Imidazolyl andN-Methylmidazolyl Units and Their Solution Speciation and Redox Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Nakazono T, Parent AR, Sakai K. Improving Singlet Oxygen Resistance during Photochemical Water Oxidation by Cobalt Porphyrin Catalysts. Chemistry 2015; 21:6723-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Crandell DW, Ghosh S, Berlinguette CP, Baik MH. How a [Co(IV) a bond and a half O](2+) fragment oxidizes water: involvement of a biradicaloid [Co(II)-(⋅O⋅)](2+) species in forming the O-O bond. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:844-852. [PMID: 25641853 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of water oxidation performed by a recently discovered cobalt complex [Co(Py5)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (1; Py5=2,6-(bis(bis-2-pyridyl)-methoxymethane)pyridine) was examined using quantum chemical models based on density functional theory. The computer models were first benchmarked against the experimental cyclic voltammetry data to identify the catalytically competent resting state of the catalyst, which was thought to contain a Co(IV) -oxyl complex. The electronic structure calculations suggest that the low-spin doublet state is energetically most favorable, but the catalytically most active species is the intermediate-spin quartet complex that is almost isoenergetic with the doublet state. The electronic structure of the quartet state shows significant spin polarization on the terminal oxygen atom, which is consistent with an intramolecular electron transfer from the oxygen to the metal. Based on the calculated spin densities, the formally [Co(IV) a bond and a half O] can be viewed as a biradicaloid [Co(II)-(⋅O⋅)](2+), that is, a cobalt-oxene moiety. This electronic structure is reminiscent of many other systems where similar electronic patterns were proposed to be responsible for the oxidative reactivity. In this context, this first-row transition-metal system constitutes a logical extension, because the oxyl-radical character is maximized by using the more easily accessible high-spin configurations in which two half-filled Co-dπ orbitals can work in concert to maximize the oxyl-radical character to ultimately afford a new reactive intermediate that can be characterized as carrying a biradicaloid oxene moiety with a formal oxidation state of zero. This conceptual proposal for the catalytically active species provides a plausible rationale for the remarkable oxidative reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Crandell
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, (USA)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Siewert I, Gałęzowska J. Cobalt Catalyst with a Proton-Responsive Ligand for Water Oxidation. Chemistry 2014; 21:2780-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Coggins MK, Zhang MT, Vannucci AK, Dares CJ, Meyer TJ. Electrocatalytic water oxidation by a monomeric amidate-ligated Fe(III)-aqua complex. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5531-4. [PMID: 24670044 DOI: 10.1021/ja412822u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The six-coordinate Fe(III)-aqua complex [Fe(III)(dpaq)(H2O)](2+) (1, dpaq is 2-[bis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamido) is an electrocatalyst for water oxidation in propylene carbonate-water mixtures. An electrochemical kinetics study has revealed that water oxidation occurs by oxidation to Fe(V)(O)(2+) followed by a reaction first order in catalyst and added water, respectively, with ko = 0.035(4) M(-1) s(-1) by the single-site mechanism found previously for Ru and Ir water oxidation catalysts. Sustained water oxidation catalysis occurs at a high surface area electrode to give O2 through at least 29 turnovers over an 15 h electrolysis period with a 45% Faradaic yield and no observable decomposition of the catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Coggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Davenport TC, Ahn HS, Ziegler MS, Tilley TD. A molecular structural analog of proposed dinuclear active sites in cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6326-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|