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Cherumukkil S, Agrawal S, Jasra RV. Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Cherumukkil
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Santosh Agrawal
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Raksh Vir Jasra
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
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2
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Nucleophilic Reactions Using Alkali Metal Fluorides Activated by Crown Ethers and Derivatives. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We review crown ether-facilitated nucleophilic reactions using metal salts, presenting the studies using kinetic measurements and quantum chemical methods. We focus on the mechanistic features, specifically on the contact ion-pair (CIP) mechanism of metal salts for nucleophilic processes promoted by crown ethers and derivatives. Experimental verification of the CIP form of the metal salt CsF complexed with [18-Crown-6] by H-NMR spectroscopy is described. The use of chiral crown ethers and derivatives for enantioselective nucleophilic processes is also discussed.
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Cheng J, Yu Q, Tu K, Wang J, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Triphilic Main-Chain-Type Semifluorinated Alternating Graft Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200570. [PMID: 36104160 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated copolymers can self-assemble in solution and form micelles with rare properties due to the peculiar behavior of fluorinated groups. However, the process description of the self-assembly is still largely phenomenological and difficult to explain due to the tendency of the fluorinated segments to segregate from both the hydrophilic and lipophilic segments, which can result in various morphologies. Herein, the controlled formation of ellipsoidal micelles, disklike micelles, and sheets by hierarchical self-assembly of triphilic main-chain-type semifluorinated alternating graft copolymers (AB)n A-g-mOEG is presented (where A represents unit of α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkane, B represents the unit of α,ω-unconjugated diene, and mOEG represents methoxy oligo(ethylene glycol)), which are synthesized by step transfer-addition and radical-termination (START) polymerization and azide-alkyne click chemistry. Furthermore, the possible self-assembly mechanism of these micron-level aggregates is proposed, which is ascribed to the hierarchical self-assembly, crowding effect of hydrophilic chains and the interfacial tension between the fluoroalkane and alkane segments. This study can provide a facile and highly efficient approach to the synthesis of main-chain-type fluorinated graft copolymers and expand the research field for the solution self-assembly of fluorinated copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Tu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Ozawa N, Shivakumar KI, Murugavel M, Inaba Y, Yoneda T, Ide Y, Pirillo J, Hijikata Y, Inokuma Y. Alkali metal ion binding using cyclic polyketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2971-2974. [PMID: 35170625 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic oligoketones composed of 3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-diones showed crown ether-like alkali metal ion binding behavior with association constants up to 1.7 × 104 M-1 in chloroform/acetonitrile (v/v, 9/1). The binding properties have been used for catalysis in the Finkelstein reaction in a low-polarity solvent. Furthermore, novel ion-binding hosts were generated by terminal functionalization of linear polyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narito Ozawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kilingaru I Shivakumar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Muthuchamy Murugavel
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ide
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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Hupatz H, Gaedke M, Schröder HV, Beerhues J, Valkonen A, Klautzsch F, Müller S, Witte F, Rissanen K, Sarkar B, Schalley CA. Thermodynamic and electrochemical study of tailor-made crown ethers for redox-switchable (pseudo)rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2576-2588. [PMID: 33133289 PMCID: PMC7590624 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown ethers are common building blocks in supramolecular chemistry and are frequently applied as cation sensors or as subunits in synthetic molecular machines. Developing switchable and specifically designed crown ethers enables the implementation of function into molecular assemblies. Seven tailor-made redox-active crown ethers incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or naphthalene diimide (NDI) as redox-switchable building blocks are described with regard to their potential to form redox-switchable rotaxanes. A combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and voltammetric techniques reveals correlations between the binding energies and redox-switching properties of the corresponding pseudorotaxanes with secondary ammonium ions. For two different weakly coordinating anions, a surprising relation between the enthalpic and entropic binding contributions of the pseudorotaxanes was discovered. These findings were applied to the synthesis of an NDI-[2]rotaxane, which retains similar spectroelectrochemical properties compared to the corresponding free macrocycle. The detailed understanding of the thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of the tailor-made crown ethers lays the foundation for the construction of new types of molecular redox switches with emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hupatz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,present address: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544, USA
| | - Julia Beerhues
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Fabian Klautzsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Witte
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Dempsey K, Mir R, Smajlagic I, Dudding T. Expanding the repertoire of cyclopropenium ion phase transfer catalysis: Benzylic fluorination. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Metwally H, Konermann L. Crown Ether Effects on the Location of Charge Carriers in Electrospray Droplets: Implications for the Mechanism of Protein Charging and Supercharging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4126-4134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Metwally
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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8
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Hill AP, Kunstmann-Olsen C, Grzelczak MP, Brust M. Entropy-Driven Reversible Agglomeration of Crown Ether Capped Gold Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2018; 24:3151-3155. [PMID: 29383767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that plasmonic gold nanoparticles functionalised with a thiolated 18-crown-6 ligand shell agglomerate spontaneously from aqueous dispersion at elevated temperatures. This process takes place over a narrow temperature range, is accompanied by a colour change from red to purple-blue and is fully reversible. Moreover, the temperature at which it occurs can be adjusted by the degree of complexation of the crown ether moiety with appropriate cations. More complexation leads to higher transition temperatures. The process has been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. A thermodynamic rationale is provided to suggest an entropy-driven endothermic agglomeration process based on attractive hydrophobic interactions of the complexed crowns that are competing against electrostatic repulsion of the charged ligand shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 7ZD, UK
| | | | | | - Mathias Brust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 7ZD, UK
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9
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Pezzato C, Nguyen MT, Cheng C, Kim DJ, Otley MT, Stoddart JF. An efficient artificial molecular pump. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Blümel M, Crocker RD, Harper JB, Enders D, Nguyen TV. N-Heterocyclic olefins as efficient phase-transfer catalysts for base-promoted alkylation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7958-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03771b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) chemically transfer the base from solid phase and promote alkylation reaction on a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Blümel
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
| | | | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Thanh V. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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12
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Phase Transfer Catalyzed Bromide-Chloride Exchange: Dependence of Equilibrium Position and Selectivity Constant on Nature and Composition of Aqueous Phase. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Tao Y, Julian RR. Factors that influence competitive intermolecular solvation of protonated groups in peptides and proteins in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1634-40. [PMID: 23836378 PMCID: PMC3806280 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of 18-crown-6 (18C6) to form noncovalent complexes with cationic groups in the gas phase has been leveraged in numerous, largely orthogonal mass spectrometry-based applications. Although the fundamental interaction between 18C6 and a charged group in the gas phase is quite strong, the strength of attachment of 18C6 to large molecules is more difficult to predict because intramolecular binding of the cation can be competitive. Herein, we demonstrate in experiments with model peptides that 18C6 adducts are not strongly attached to flexible molecules with numerous potential hydrogen bonding sites. 18C6 adduct stability is increased if intramolecular charge complexation is inhibited by sterics or competitive binding. It is demonstrated with molecular mechanics that significant structural changes occur upon loss of 18C6 in model peptides. Examination of the loss of 18C6 adducts from proteins following collisional activation reveals that lower charge states lose the most 18C6. The degree of 18C6 adduct stability may reflect the degree of structural reorganization that occurs following collisional activation, suggesting that lower charge states represent structures that are not similar to gas phase idealized states. In this regard, 18C6 may serve the function of protecting solution phase protein structure. Collisional activation of holomyoglobin with 18C6 adducts attached reveals that heme loss occurs primarily after 18C6 loss, further supporting the notion that 18C6 protects native structure by solvating charged sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Shirakawa S, Wang L, Kasai A, Maruoka K. New Neutral Reaction System with Crown Ether-KCl Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2012; 18:8588-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gourdet B, Singh K, Stuart AM, Vidal JA. Di(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)-dibenzo-18-crown-6: A “light fluorous” recyclable phase transfer catalyst. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Natural and Synthetic Transmembrane Channels. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2582-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Jose N, Sengupta S, Basu J. Selective production of benzaldehyde by permanganate oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 18-crown-6 as phase transfer catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Burgermeister W, Winkler-Oswatitsch R. Complex formation of monovalent cations with biofunctional ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Stuart AM, Vidal JA. Perfluoroalkylated 4,13-Diaza-18-Crown-6 Ethers: Synthesis, Phase-Transfer Catalysis, and Recycling Studies. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3735-40. [PMID: 17439175 DOI: 10.1021/jo062606x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of N,N'-dialkyl-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 lariat ethers possessing two C8H17 (2), (CH2)3C8F17 (3), (CH2)3C10F21 (4), and (CH2)2C8F17 (5) side arms were synthesized in good yields by N-alkylation of 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6. Potassium picrate could be extracted from an aqueous solution into an organic phase by all of the perfluoroalkylated macrocycles demonstrating their potential to be used as phase-transfer catalysts, and preliminary studies on a classical nucleophilic substitution established that they each gave higher catalytic activities under solid-liquid than under liquid-liquid phase-transfer conditions. The light fluorous macrocycles gave similar, if not better, catalytic activity compared to the parent, non-fluorinated phase-transfer catalyst 2 under solid-liquid conditions in conventional organic solvents in both an aliphatic and an aromatic nucleophilic substitution. N,N'-Bis(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroundecyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (3) was recycled six times in the iodide displacement reaction of 1-bromooctane and four times in the fluoride displacement reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene using fluorous solid-phase extraction without any loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, LE1 7RH.
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Banthia AK, Lunsford D, Webster DC, McGrath JE. Interfacial Synthesis Part I: Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyhydroxy Ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338108056777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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22
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Synthesis and phase-transfer catalytic activity of novel chiral crown ethers immobilized onto polystyrene supports. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Electrochemical formation of cationic iridium(III)-hydrido complexes in solution and in polymeric films: their chemical, electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen generation process. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Okada Y, Nishimura J. The design of cone-fixed calix[4]arene analogs by takingsyn-[2.n]metacyclophanes as a building block. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00708973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Gingras M. Tetrabutylammonium difluorotripheylstannate as a new anhydrous synthetic equivalent to TBAF. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80112-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Catalysis by synthetic hydrotalcite-like materials in halide exchange between alkyl halides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(90)80003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yie-Shun C, Jagur-Grodzinski J, Vofsi D. Heterogeneous fluorination of chlorine containing polymers with 18-crown-6 as phase transfer agent. POLYMER 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(85)90118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Ohsawa T, Oishi T. Dissolving metal reduction K metal-crown ether-toluene system for reductive defluorination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00663255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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35
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Selektive gruppentrennung von primären und sekundären biogenen aminen mittels “reversed-phase” hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie mit [18]krone-6 in der mobilen phase. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)95794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Góźdź AS. Synthesis and polymerization of p-bromomethylstyrene and p-lodomethylstyrene. Polym Bull (Berl) 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00256284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Coudert G, Guillaumet G, Léonard M. Synthese de macrocycles oxygenes a structure benzodioxinique. Tetrahedron Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)83017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Gruber H, Greber G. Phasentransferkatalysatoren auf Basis von Saccharose-Ethylenoxid-Addukten. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00905074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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40
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Tomoi M, Ikeda M, Kakiuchi H. Polymer-supported phosphoric triamides as catalysts for phase-transfer reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)95051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation and aluminum trichloride-induced cationic rearrangements of bicyclo[2.2.0]hexene carboxylic esters. Tetrahedron 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(78)80054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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