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Ehjeij D, Rominger F, Bunz UHF, Freudenberg J, Müllen K. Thermolysis of Biphenylene toward Cyclo-ortho-phenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312040. [PMID: 38084633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The solvent and catalyst free thermolysis of biphenylenes at 350 °C furnishes [n]cyclo-ortho-phenylenes ([n]COPs, n=4-10) in one step and in high yields. At 400 °C biphenylene dimerizes into tetraphenylene, but lower reaction temperatures produce cyclooligomers. If suitably substituted, the oligomers are soluble and can be isolated and characterized. The products are exclusively cyclic. In the crystalline state, [6]COP displays an alternating crown-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Ma HR, Peng XS, Cui JF, Wong HNC. Emerging optically active tetraphenylenes: Advances and challenges in synthesis and applications in asymmetric catalysis and chiral functional materials. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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3
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Williams AE, Thompson AL, Watkin DJ. The role of multiple observations in small-molecule single-crystal service X-ray structure determination. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:657-673. [PMID: 32830722 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619006681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain a better understanding of how to improve the quality of small-molecule single-crystal X-ray diffraction data achievable in a finite time, a study was carried out to investigate the effect of varying the multiplicity, acquisition time, detector binning, maximum resolution and completeness. The results suggest that, unless there are strong arguments for a different strategy, a good routine procedure might be to optimize the conditions necessary to get the best data from single scans, and then choose a multiplicity of observations (MoO) to utilize the available time fully. Different strategies may be required if the crystal is highly absorbing, is larger than the incident beam, is enclosed in a capillary tube or is unusual in some other way. The signal-to-noise ratio should be used with care, as collecting data for longer or at higher multiplicity appears to give a systematic underestimate of the intensity uncertainties. Further, the results demonstrate that including poor-quality data in a refinement may degrade the result and, in the general case, the accidental omission of reflections has a very small impact on the refinement as long as they are omitted at random. Systematic omission of reflections needs a convincing procedural justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Williams
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, England
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, England
| | - David J Watkin
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, England
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Kaku H, Mitarai A, Okamoto N, Tanaka K, Ichikawa S, Yamamoto T, Inai M, Nishii T, Horikawa M, Tsunoda T. Optically Active 2,7,10,15-Tetrahydroxytetraphenylene: Clathrates with Both Enantiomers of 1-Phenylethylamine and Their Stability. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kaku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Akinobu Mitarai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Natsuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Sayaka Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Makoto Inai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada 422-8526 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Horikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
| | - Tetsuto Tsunoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; 180 Yamashiro-cho 770-8514 Tokushima Japan
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6
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Han JW, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Synthesis of tetraphenylene derivatives and their recent advances. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The synthetic strategies towards tetraphenylene derivatives are comprehensively summarized in this review. Recent advances in the functionalized tetraphenylene skeleton for research into their structurally unique properties are described together with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Han
- Shanghai–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Shanghai–Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Robert A, Dechambenoit P, Hillard EA, Bock H, Durola F. Non-planar oligoarylene macrocycles from biphenyl. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11540-11543. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saddle- and propeller-shaped, partially condensed conjugated macrocycles are synthesized by fourfold Perkin condensation plus fourfold photocyclizations. Their macrocyclic loops are pronouncedly non-planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Robert
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- Université de Bordeaux
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | | | | | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- CNRS
- 33600 Pessac
- France
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal
- CNRS
- 33600 Pessac
- France
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Nobusue S, Tobe Y. Electrophilic Tandem Transannular Cyclization of Octadehydrotribenzo[14]annulene to Benzodiindenocyclooctatetraenes. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Nobusue
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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Mouri K, Saito S, Yamaguchi S. Highly Flexible π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraenes: Cyclic Thiazole Tetramers with Head-to-Tail Connection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Mouri K, Saito S, Yamaguchi S. Highly Flexible π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraenes: Cyclic Thiazole Tetramers with Head-to-Tail Connection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5971-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Practical synthesis of new functionalized tetraphenylenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20000180335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Weber E, Czugler M. Functional group assisted clathrate formation — Scissor-like and roof-shaped host molecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-19338-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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14
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15
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Lai CW, Lam CK, Lee HK, Mak TCW, Wong HNC. Synthesis and studies of 1,4,5,8,9,12,13,16-octamethoxytetraphenylene. Org Lett 2003; 5:823-6. [PMID: 12633081 DOI: 10.1021/ol020253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The synthesis of 1,4,5,8,9,12,13,16-octamethoxytetraphenylene (6) is accomplished in five steps from 3,6-dimethoxy-2-nitroaniline (8). Its inclusion property and the electrochemical data of the corresponding tetraquinone 7 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wing Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Central Laboratory of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Du DM, Hua WT, Zhou LP, Wang JW, Jin XL. Preparation and crystal structure of a 1:1 inclusion compound of 1,4,11,14-tetramethoxy-dibenzo[b,n]tetraphenylene with pyridine. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Makhkamov KK, Ibragimov BT, Weber E, Beketov KM. Disorder as adaptation of the crystal structure to increase the crystallization temperature. X-ray crystal structure of the host-guest complexes between 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid and dimethyl sulphoxide obtained at 50 and 60 °C. J PHYS ORG CHEM 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199902)12:2<157::aid-poc111>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Planar dehydro[8]annulenes and other theoretically interesting molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5766(06)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Tandem palladium-, cobalt-, and nickel-catalyzed syntheses of polycyclic π-systems containing cyclobutadiene, benzene, and cyclooctatetraene rings. J Organomet Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(90)85227-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Discovery and crystal structure of a novel chlorocarbon host: perchlorofluorene-9-spirocyclohexa-2′,5′-diene. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Tetraphenylene molecular inclusion complexes. Crystal structures of 2(tetraphenylene)�X, with X=benzene cyclohexane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00656764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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MacNicol DD, Mallison PR, Murphy A, Sym GJ. An efficient synthesis of hexa-substituted benzenes and the discovery of a novel host conformation for hexakis (β-naphthylthio) benzene. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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