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Eastwood JB, Burden TJ, Hammarback LA, Horbaczewskyj C, Tanner TFN, Clark IP, Greetham G, Towrie M, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. The importance of understanding (pre)catalyst activation in versatile C-H bond functionalisations catalysed by [Mn 2(CO) 10]. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9183-9191. [PMID: 38903207 PMCID: PMC11186345 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mn-catalysed reactions offer great potential in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry and the success of Mn carbonyl complexes as (pre)catalysts hinges on their stabilisation by strong field ligands enabling Mn(i)-based, redox neutral, catalytic cycles. The mechanistic processes underpinning the activation of the ubiquitous Mn(0) (pre)catalyst [Mn2(CO)10] in C-H bond functionalisation reactions is now reported for the first time. By combining time-resolved infra-red (TRIR) spectroscopy on a ps-ms timescale and in operando studies using in situ infra-red spectroscopy, insight into the microscopic bond activation processes which lead to the catalytic activity of [Mn2(CO)10] has been gained. Using an exemplar system, based on the annulation between an imine, 1, and Ph2C2, 2, TRIR spectroscopy enabled the key intermediate [Mn2(CO)9(1)], formed by CO loss from [Mn2(CO)10], to be identified. In operando studies demonstrate that [Mn2(CO)9(1)] is also formed from [Mn2(CO)10] under the catalytic conditions and is converted into a mononuclear manganacycle, [Mn(CO)4(C^N)] (C^N = cyclometallated imine), a second molecule of 1 acts as the oxidant which is, in turn, reduced to an amine. As [Mn(CO)4(C^N)] complexes are catalytically competent, a direct route from [Mn2(CO)10] into the Mn(i) catalytic reaction coordinate has been determined. Critically, the mechanistic differences between [Mn2(CO)10] and Mn(i) (pre)catalysts have been delineated, informing future catalyst screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Burden
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | | | - Theo F N Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Gregory Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
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Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Unveiling Mechanistic Complexity in Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Using IR Spectroscopy Over 16 Orders of Magnitude in Time. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:919-932. [PMID: 38412502 PMCID: PMC10956383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAn understanding of the mechanistic processes that underpin reactions catalyzed by 3d transition metals is vital for their development as potential replacements for scarce platinum group metals. However, this is a significant challenge because of the tendency of 3d metals to undergo mechanistically diverse pathways when compared with their heavier congeners, often as a consequence of one-electron transfer reactions and/or intrinsically weaker metal-ligand bonds. We have developed and implemented a new methodology to illuminate the pathways that underpin C-H bond functionalization pathways in reactions catalyzed by Mn-carbonyl compounds. By integrating measurements performed on catalytic reactions with in situ reaction monitoring and state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopic methods, unique insight into the mode of action and fate of the catalyst have been obtained.Using a combination of time-resolved spectroscopy and in situ low-temperature NMR studies, we have shown that photolysis of manganese-carbonyl precatalysts results in rapid (<5 ps) CO dissociation─the same process that occurs under thermal catalytic conditions. This enabled the detection of the key states relevant to catalysis, including solvent and alkyne complexes and their resulting transformation into manganacycles, which results from a migratory insertion reaction into the Mn-C bond. By systematic variation of the substrates (many of which are real-world structurally diverse substrates and not simple benchmark systems) and quantification of the resulting rate constants for the insertion step, a universal model for this migratory insertion process has been developed. The time-resolved spectroscopic method gave insight into fundamental mechanistic pathways underpinning other aspects of modern synthetic chemistry. The most notable was the first direct experimental observation of the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) mechanism through which carboxylate groups are able to mediate C-H bond activation at a metal center. This step underpins a host of important synthetic applications. This study demonstrated how the time-resolved multiple probe spectroscopy (TRMPS) method enables the observation of mechanistic process occurring on time scales from several picoseconds through to μs in a single experiment, thereby allowing the sequential observation of solvation, ligand substitution, migratory insertion, and ultimate protonation of a Mn-C bond.These studies have been complemented by an investigation of the "in reaction flask" catalyst behavior, which has provided additional insight into new pathways for precatalyst activation, including evidence that alkyne C-H bond activation may occur before heterocycle activation. Crucial insight into the fate of the catalyst species showed that excess water played a key role in deactivation to give higher-order hydroxyl-bridged manganese carbonyl clusters, which were independently found to be inactive. Traditional in situ IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis on the second time scale bridges the gap to the analysis of real catalytic reaction systems. As a whole, this work has provided unprecedented insight into the processes underpinning manganese-catalyzed reactions spanning 16 orders of magnitude in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Bigness A, Vaddypally S, Zdilla MJ, Mendoza-Cortes JL. Ubiquity of cubanes in bioinorganic relevant compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aucott BJ, Duhme-Klair AK, Moulton BE, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Hammarback LA, Fairlamb IJS, Lynam JM. Manganese Carbonyl Compounds Reveal Ultrafast Metal–Solvent Interactions. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Aucott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Benjamin E. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | | | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jason M. Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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Hammarback LA, Robinson A, Lynam JM, Fairlamb IJS. Delineating the critical role of acid additives in Mn-catalysed C-H bond functionalisation processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3211-3214. [PMID: 30806417 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00257j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Addition of co-catalytic Cy2NH to Mn-catalysed C-H bond activation reactions suggests that the conjugate acid, Cy2NH2X, influences catalysis. Here, acids are shown to positively influence C-H bond alkenylation catalysis involving alkynes. For certain types of alkynes an acid additive is critical to catalysis. In stark contrast, acids retard catalysis involving acrylates. [Cy2NH2]X salts also play a key role in thwarting catalyst degradation to manganese clusters. Our findings enable unreactive substrates to be alkenylated.
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Hammarback LA, Robinson A, Lynam JM, Fairlamb IJS. Mechanistic Insight into Catalytic Redox-Neutral C-H Bond Activation Involving Manganese(I) Carbonyls: Catalyst Activation, Turnover, and Deactivation Pathways Reveal an Intricate Network of Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2316-2328. [PMID: 30698423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(I) carbonyl-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of 2-phenylpyridine and related compounds containing suitable metal directing groups has recently emerged as a potentially useful synthetic methodology for the introduction of various groups to the ortho position of a benzene ring. Preliminary mechanistic studies have highlighted that these reactions could proceed via numerous different species and steps and, moreover, potentially different catalytic cycles. The primary requirement for typically 10 mol % catalyst, oftentimes the ubiquitous precursor catalyst, BrMn(CO)5, has not yet been questioned nor significantly improved upon, suggesting catalytic deactivation may be a serious issue to be understood and resolved. Several critical questions are further raised by the species responsible for providing a source of protons in the protonation of vinyl-manganese(I) carbonyl intermediates. In this study, using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, we provide comprehensive answers to the key mechanistic questions concerning the Mn(I) carbonyl-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of 2-phenylpyridine and related compounds. Our results enable the explanation of alkyne substrate dependencies, i.e., internal versus terminal alkynes. We found that there are different catalyst activation pathways for BrMn(CO)5, e.g., terminal alkynes lead to the generation of MnI-acetylide species, whose formation is reminiscent of CuI-acetylide species proposed to be of critical importance in Sonogashira cross-coupling processes. We have unequivocally established that alkyne, 2-phenylpyridine, and water can facilitate hydrogen transfer in the protonation step, leading to the liberation of protonated alkene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anders Hammarback
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Alan Robinson
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Breitenloh 5 , Münchwilen 4333 , Switzerland
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , North Yorkshire YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
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Kadassery KJ, Dey SK, Friedman AE, Lacy DC. Exploring the Role of Carbonate in the Formation of an Organomanganese Tetramer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8748-8751. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthika J. Kadassery
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Suman Kr Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alan E. Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - David C. Lacy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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Bajpai A, Scott HS, Pham T, Chen KJ, Space B, Lusi M, Perry ML, Zaworotko MJ. Towards an understanding of the propensity for crystalline hydrate formation by molecular compounds. IUCRJ 2016; 3:430-439. [PMID: 27840682 PMCID: PMC5094445 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516015633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrates are technologically important and ubiquitous yet they remain a poorly understood and understudied class of molecular crystals. In this work, we attempt to rationalize propensity towards hydrate formation through crystallization studies of molecules that lack strong hydrogen-bond donor groups. A Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) survey indicates that the statistical occurrence of hydrates in 124 molecules that contain five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic aromatic moieties is 18.5%. However, hydrate screening experiments on a library of 11 N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds with at least two acceptor moieties and no competing hydrogen-bond donors or acceptors reveals that over 70% of this group form hydrates, suggesting that extrapolation from CSD statistics might, at least in some cases, be deceiving. Slurrying in water and exposure to humidity were found to be the most effective discovery methods. Electrostatic potential maps and/or analysis of the crystal packing in anhydrate structures was used to rationalize why certain molecules did not readily form hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankriti Bajpai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hayley S. Scott
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tony Pham
- Department of Chemistry, CHE 205, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Kai-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian Space
- Department of Chemistry, CHE 205, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Matteo Lusi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Miranda L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
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Zaworotko M, Subramanian S, Macgillivray LR. Strategies for Crystal Engineering of Polar Solids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-328-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCrystal engineering has been invoked to design structural analogues of two prototypal SHG active solids, p-nitroaniline (pNA) and potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP). pNA exists as linear polar strands because of head-to-tail hydrogen bonding between adjacent molecules whereas KDP is a self-assembled hydrogen bonded diamondoid network that becomes polar when the hydrogen bonds align. We detail preparation and crystallographic characterization of two classes of multicomponent solid, organic cation hydrogen sulfates and cocrystals of the cubane cluster [M (CO)3(μ3-OH)]4, which structurally mimic pNA and KDP, respectively. Several of the Multi-component solids are polar and they represent a generic approach to designing new polar materials since one component can be changed without altering the basic architecture within the crystal.
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Kostakis GE, Ako AM, Powell AK. Structural motifs and topological representation of Mn coordination clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2238-71. [PMID: 20414487 DOI: 10.1039/b918192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear coordination clusters have become of particular interest in recent times as a result of their relevance to bioinorganic chemistry and to the special area of molecule-based magnetic materials where cluster compounds behave as single-molecule magnets (SMMs). In this review we have focused on describing Mn coordination cluster complexes. Adopting our topological approach for the description of coordination clusters we present a means of classifying the structural motifs found in manganese clusters which range in nuclearity from 5 to 84, as well as some representative heterometallic Mn-M (M = K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ln) cluster complexes that have been reported. This sheds new light on the classification of the types of core structure accessible which, in turn, provides a useful means for developing the so-far missing magneto-structural correlation algorithm for these finite 0-D systems (212 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Kostakis
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Shieh M, Ho CH, Sheu WS, Chen HW. Selective Insertion of Oxygen and Selenium into an Electron-Precise Paramagnetic Selenium−Manganese Carbonyl Cluster [Se6Mn6(CO)18]4−. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4032-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9091566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghuey Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, Republic of China and Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang Taipei 242, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, Republic of China and Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang Taipei 242, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shyan Sheu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, Republic of China and Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang Taipei 242, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, Republic of China and Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang Taipei 242, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Roesky HW, Singh S, Yusuff KKM, Maguire JA, Hosmane NS. Organometallic hydroxides of transition elements. Chem Rev 2007; 106:3813-43. [PMID: 16967922 DOI: 10.1021/cr050203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Mishra A, Wernsdorfer W, Abboud KA, Christou G. [Mn7O5(OR)2(O2CPh)9(terpy)] (R = Me, CH2Ph) Complexes with a Fused Cubane/Butterfly Core and an S = 6 Ground-State Spin. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10197-206. [PMID: 17140227 DOI: 10.1021/ic061334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new heptanuclear Mn clusters, [Mn7O5(OMe)2(O2CPh)9(terpy)] (1) and [Mn7O5(OCH2Ph)2(O2CPh)9(terpy)] (2), were prepared from the partial alcoholysis of the trinuclear complex [Mn3O(O2CPh)6(py)2(H2O)] (3) in the presence of terpy (terpy = 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine). Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic P and the orthorhombic Pbca space groups, respectively. The clusters are both mixed valent, containing three Mn oxidation states: MnIV, 5MnIII, and MnII. The Mn ions are held together by nine doubly bridging benzoates, four mu3-O2- ions, one mu5-O2- ion, and either two mu-MeO- (1) or two mu-PhCH2O- (2) groups. The single terpy chelate in each complex is attached to the MnII ion. The core topology is novel and very unusual, comprising a cubane and a butterfly unit fused by sharing a MnIII and the mu5-O2- ion. Solid-state dc and ac magnetic susceptibility studies establish that complexes 1 and 2 both possess an S = 6 ground-state spin. Fits of variable-temperature and -field magnetization data gave S = 6, g = 1.88, and D = -0.21 cm-1 for 1 and S = 6, g = 1.86, and D = -0.18 cm-1 for 2. Single-crystal magnetization vs dc field scans down to 0.1 K for 2 show only very little hysteresis at 0.1 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhudaya Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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Clerk MD, Copp SB, Subramanian S, Zaworotko MJ. Supramolecular properties of [Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4, a neutral organometallic molecule that is capable of binding a variety of small and large guest molecules. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610279208027434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Clerk
- a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , B3H 3C3 , Canada
| | - Steven B. Copp
- a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , B3H 3C3 , Canada
| | - S. Subramanian
- a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , B3H 3C3 , Canada
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , B3H 3C3 , Canada
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Paraschiv C, Andruh M, Ferlay S, Hosseini MW, Kyritsakas N, Planeix JM, Stanica N. Alkoxo-bridged copper(ii) complexes as nodes in designing solid-state architectures. The interplay of coordinative and d10–d10metal–metal interactions in sustaining supramolecular solid-state architectures. Dalton Trans 2005:1195-202. [PMID: 15782254 DOI: 10.1039/b500231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four novel polymeric coordination networks have been obtained through self-assembly processes involving alkoxo-bridged copperII species as nodes, and anionic cyano-complexes as linkers: infinity2[{Cu2(pa)2}{M(CN)2}2](M=Ag, 1; Au, 2), (infinity)3[{Cu4(mea)4}{Au(CN)2}4.H2O]3, and (infinity)3[{Cu2(pa)2}{Ni(CN)4}](pa = deprotonated propanolamine; mea = deprotonated monoethanolamine). The supramolecular architectures of compounds 1, and 2 are sustained by argentophilic or strong aurophilic interactions. The solid-state architectures of 1 and 2, which are isomorphous, consist of infinite layers, constructed from binuclear alkoxo-bridged nodes and [M(CN)2]- spacers. The layers are stacked in an offset parallel mode, and are further interconnected through Ag...Ag or Au...Au contacts (1: Ag...Ag 3.015 A; 2: Au....Au 3.069 A). Compound 3 consists of unique fourfold interpenetrating diamondoid nets. The diamondoid topology is built of heterocubane {Cu4O4} nodes, which are connected by [Au(CN)2]- rods. The Cu-O distances within the {Cu4O4} node vary between 1.927(2) and 2.679(1) A, showing unsymmetric bridging of the copper atoms. Aurophilic interactions are established between the bridging and terminal [Au(CN)2]- metalloligands, and connect the interpenetrating nets, resulting in infinite chains of gold atoms (the Au...Au distances vary between 3.253 and 3.305 [Angstrom]). Compound 4 exhibits a 3-D network constructed from {Cu2(pa)2]2+ nodes connected by square-planar [Ni(CN)4]2- ions. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 are weakly paramagnetic. The cryomagnetic investigation of reveals a gradual increase, followed by a decrease of the chiMT product, as the temperature is lowered. A superposition of ferro- (J1=+20.8 cm(-1)) and antiferromagnetic (J2=-6.4) interactions within the tetranuclear node was found. Antiferromagnetic interactions are established between the tetranuclear nodes (theta=-2.99 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Paraschiv
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Str. Dumbrava Rosie nr. 23, 020464, Bucharest, Romania
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Prinz U, Koelle U, Ulrich S, Merbach AE, Maas O, Hegetschweiler K. The Organometallic fac-[(CO)3Mn(H2O)3]+ Aquaion: Base-Hydrolysis and Kinetics of H2O-Substitution. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:2387-91. [PMID: 15046515 DOI: 10.1021/ic0352809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The novel organometallic aqua complex [(CO)(3)Mn(H(2)O)(3)](+) (1(+)) was obtained through hydrolysis of the analogous acetone complex. IR [nu(CO) = 2051, 1944 cm(-)(1)] and (17)O NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a fac tricarbonyl unit. Potentiometric titrations established that the trimer [(CO)(3)Mn(3)(OH)(4)](-) was the principal condensation product in the pH range >6 prior to slow formation of the tetramer [[(CO)(3)Mn](OH)](4). Water exchange in 1(+), determined by NMR line broadening as k(ex) = 19 +/- 4 s(-)(1) at 298 K, is four orders faster than with the analogous Re complex. The activation volume DeltaV(++) = -4.5 +/- 0.4 cm(3) mol(-1) is indicative of an associatively activated (I(a)) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Prinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Aachen Technical University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Armstrong DR, Benevelli F, Bond AD, Feeder N, Harron EA, Hopkins AD, McPartlin M, Moncrieff D, Sáez D, Quadrelli EA, Woods AD, Wright DS. Formation of double cubanes [Sn(7)(NR)(8)] in the reactions of pyridyl and pyrimidinyl amines with Sn(NMe(2))(2): a synthetic and theoretical study. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1492-501. [PMID: 11896718 DOI: 10.1021/ic011090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the reactions of Sn(NMe(2))(2) with unfunctionalized primary amines (RNH(2)), which yield the simple imido Sn(II) cubanes [SnNR](4), the reactions of 2-pyridyl or 2-pyrimidinyl amines give the mixed-oxidation-state Sn(II)/Sn(IV) double cubanes [Sn(7)(NR)(8)]. In addition to [Sn(7)[2-N(5-Mepy)](8)] x 2thf (1 x 2thf) (py = pyridine) and [Sn(7)[2-N(pm)](8)] x 0.33thf (2 x 0.33thf) (pm = pyrimidine), which were communicated previously, the syntheses and structures of the new complexes [Sn(7)[2-N(4-Mepm)](8)] x 2thf (3 x 2thf), [Sn(7)[2-N(4,6-Me(2)pm)](8)] x 4thf (4 x 4thf), [Sn(7)[2-N(4-Me-6-MeO-pm)](8)] (5), and [Sn(7)[2-N(4-MeO-6-MeO-pm)](8)] (6) are reported. Model DFT calculations on the reactions of Sn(NMe(2))(2) with 2-pmNH(2) or PhNH(2), producing the cubanes [Sn[2-N(pm)]](4) and [SnNPh](4) (respectively), and the corresponding double cubanes [Sn(7)[2-N(pm)](8)] and [Sn(7)(NPh)(8)], show that the presence of intramolecular Sn...N bonding which spans the cubane halves of the complexes is crucial to the formation of the double-cubane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Armstrong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 195 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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Liu X, McAllister JA, de Miranda MP, Whitaker BJ, Kilner CA, Thornton-Pett M, Halcrow MA. Supramolecular Templating of the Double-Cubane [{Cu3(HpztBu)6(μ3-Cl)(μ3-OH)3}2Cu]Cl6 (HpztBu=5-tert-Butylpyrazole). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020301)114:5<782::aid-ange782>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jiang C, Wen YS, Liu LK, Andy Hor T, Yan YK. Amine-oxide-mediated reactions of Re2(CO)10 with phenol and aliphatic alcohols: The formation of Re3(CO)14(μ-H) and a hydroxo-methoxo trirhenium aggregate [Me3NH]+[Re3(CO)9(μ-OH)2(μ-OMe)(μ3-OMe)]−. J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Copp SB, Holman KT, Sangster JOS, Subramanian S, Zaworotko MJ. Supramolecular chemistry of [{M(CO)3(µ3-OH)}4](M = Mn or Re): a modular approach to crystal engineering of superdiamondoid networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9950002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Christie SD, Clerk MD, Zaworotko MJ. Trimethylamine-N-oxide induced disproportionation of Re2(CO)10: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of [fac-Re(CO)3(ONMe3)3] [ReO4]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01228770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Copp SB, Subramanian S, Zaworotko MJ. Supramolecular chemistry of [M(CO)3(µ3-OH)]4(M = Mn, Re): spontaneous strict self-assembly of distorted super-diamondoid networks that are capable of enclathrating acetonitrile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/c39930001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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