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Acceptor engineering for NIR-II dyes with high photochemical and biomedical performance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3815. [PMID: 35780137 PMCID: PMC9250501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly important and challenging to develop donor-acceptor-donor structured small-molecule second near-infrared window (NIR-II) dyes with excellent properties such as water-solubility and chem/photostability. Here, we discovery an electron acceptor, 6,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQT) with highest stability in alkaline conditions, compared with conventional NIR-II building block benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) and 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (PTQ). The sulfonated hydrophilic dye, FT-TQT, is further synthesized with 2.13-fold increased quantum yield than its counterpart FT-BBT with BBT as acceptor. FT-TQT complexed with FBS is also prepared and displays a 16-fold increase in fluorescence intensity compared to FT-TQT alone. It demonstrates real-time cerebral and tumor vessel imaging capability with µm-scale resolution. Dynamic monitoring of tumor vascular disruption after drug treatment is achieved by NIR-II fluorescent imaging. Overall, TQT is an efficient electron acceptor for designing innovative NIR-II dyes. The acceptor engineering strategy provides a promising approach to design next generation of NIR-II fluorophores which open new biomedical applications. Small molecule NIR-II fluorophores are of interest for a range of applications but can suffer from chemical and photostability issues. Here, the authors report on the development of an acceptor molecule with improved stability in alkaline conditions expanding the range of possible applications.
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Synthesis, characterization, and electropolymerization of fluorene-thiophene derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang W, Yu G. Rational design of diarylethylene-based polymeric semiconductors for high-performance organic field-effect transistors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
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Theoretical studies on effective metal-to-ligand charge transfer characteristics of novel ruthenium dyes for dye sensitized solar cells. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:565-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raj MR, Anandan S, Solomon RV, Venuvanalingam P, Iyer SSK, Ashokkumar M. Conjugated polymer based on oligobenzo[c]thiophene with low-lying HOMO energy level as potential donor for bulk heterojunction solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tan Z, Imae I, Ooyama Y, Komaguchi K, Ohshita J, Harima Y. Low bandgap polymers with benzodithiophene and bisthienylacrylonitrile units for photovoltaic applications. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Demeter D, Allain M, Leriche P, Grosu I, Roncali J. Synthesis and electronic properties of terthienyls β-substituted by (thienyl)cyanovinylene groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Atılgan N, Cihaner A, Önal AM. Electrochromic performance and ion sensitivity of a terthienyl based fluorescent polymer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meng S, Jiang J, Wang Y, Ma J. Modulation of electronic structures of thienylene vinylene oligomers by substituents and solvents: ground and excited states. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Asil D, Cihaner A, Algı F, Önal AM. A novel conducting polymer based on terthienyl system bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents and its electrochromic device application. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Roncali J. Molecular Engineering of the Band Gap of π-Conjugated Systems: Facing Technological Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yang S, Kertesz M. Theoretical Design of Low Band Gap Conjugated Polymers through Ladders with Acetylenic Crosspieces. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0708040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1227
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1227
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Blanchard P, Verlhac P, Michaux L, Frère P, Roncali J. Fine Tuning of the Electronic Properties of Linear π-Conjugated Oligomers by Covalent Bridging. Chemistry 2006; 12:1244-55. [PMID: 16281319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligothienylenevinylenes, pi-conjugated oligomers rigidified by ethylene bridges attached at different sites of the conjugated backbone, have been constructed by multistep synthetic methodologies. Electronic absorption spectra show that the rigidification of the conjugated system produces a bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum and a narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, as compared to the spectra of an open-chain reference compound. The cyclic voltammograms of all oligomers show that these compounds can be reversibly oxidized into their cation radicals and dications and that rigidification produces a large negative shift of the first oxidation potential, which is indicative of a considerable increase of the HOMO level. Electrochemical data confirm that covalent bridging strongly affects the HOMO and LUMO levels and these data demonstrate that the sites of fixation of the bridges on the pi-conjugated backbone exert a determining effect on the relative stability of the cation radical and dication. Examination of these various results in the light of theoretical calculations shows that in addition to a local control of bond length alternation, and hence of the HOMO-LUMO gap, the fixation of covalent bridges at selected positions of the pi-conjugated system limits the deformation of the pi-conjugated structure upon oxidation to the charged states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Blanchard
- Groupe Systèmes Conjugués Linéaires, CIMMA, CNRS UMR 6200, Université d'Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France.
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Roncali J, Blanchard P, Frère P. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as a versatile building block for advanced functional π-conjugated systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b415481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ajayaghosh A. Donor-acceptor type low band gap polymers: polysquaraines and related systems. Chem Soc Rev 2003; 32:181-91. [PMID: 12875024 DOI: 10.1039/b204251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable effort has been directed towards the synthesis of conjugated polymers with low optical band gaps (Eg), since they show intrinsic electrical conductivity. One of the approaches towards the designing of such polymers is the use of strong donor and acceptor monomers at regular arrangements in the repeating units, which has limited success in many cases. An alternate strategy is the use of organic dyes, having inherently low HUMO-LUMO separation, as building blocks. Extension of conjugation in organic dyes is therefore expected to result in oligomers and polymers with near infrared absorption, which is a signature of low band gaps. Squaraine dyes are ideal candidates for this purpose due to their unique optical properties. This review highlights the recent developments in the area of donor-acceptor type low band gap polymers with special emphasis on polysquaraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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Wagner P, Aubert PH, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D. Conjugated polymers based on new thienylene – PPV derivatives for solar cell applications. Electrochem commun 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(02)00487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Rault-Berthelot J, Rozé C, Granger M, Raoult E. Anodic oxidation of various arylene-cyanovinylenes made of alternating fluorenyl, thienyl and/or phenyl units. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Blanchard P, Riou A, Roncali J. Electrosynthesis of a Low Band Gap pi-Conjugated Polymer from a Multibridged Dithienylethylene. J Org Chem 1998; 63:7107-7110. [PMID: 11672342 DOI: 10.1021/jo980778r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Blanchard
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux Organiques, CNRS UMR 6501, Université d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers Cedex, France
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Sotzing GA, Thomas CA, Reynolds JR, Steel PJ. Low Band Gap Cyanovinylene Polymers Based on Ethylenedioxythiophene. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Sotzing
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Christopher A. Thomas
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - John R. Reynolds
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Peter J. Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Blanchard P, Brisset H, Illien B, Riou A, Roncali J. Bridged Dithienylethylenes as Precursors of Small Bandgap Electrogenerated Conjugated Polymers. J Org Chem 1997; 62:2401-2408. [PMID: 11671573 DOI: 10.1021/jo9623447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bridged dithienylethylenes (DTEs) bearing solubilizing alkyl chains at various positions (2-5) have been synthesized by McMurry dimerization of cyclopenta[b]thiophen-6-ones. In order to introduce alkyl substituents at different positions of the DTE molecule, the precursor ketones have been prepared by different strategies based on a combination of Mannich or Wittig-Horner reaction and Friedel-Craft intramolecular cyclization. The position and the length of the alkyl substituents exert a strong effect on the ability of the precursor to undergo electrochemical polymerization. Thus, whereas substitution at the alpha-position of the ethylene linkage (3) results in a rapid inhibition of electropolymerization, introduction of alkyl chains at the beta-position (4, 5) greatly improves the efficiency of the polymerization process. The analysis of the electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers shows that rigidification of the DTE molecule leads to a significant decrease of the oxidation potential and bandgap. A comparative analysis of DTE and its bridged analogues by means of X-ray diffraction reveals, in agreement with experimental and theoretical results, that the observed reduction of both the HOMO-LUMO gap of the precursor and the bandgap of the corresponding polymers are related to a relaxation of bond length alternation in the DTE moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Blanchard
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux Organiques, CNRS, UMR 6501, Université d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers Cedex, France
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Roncali J. Synthetic Principles for Bandgap Control in Linear pi-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 1997; 97:173-206. [PMID: 11848868 DOI: 10.1021/cr950257t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Roncali
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux Organiques, CNRS UMR 6501, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers, France
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