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Ouyang D, Ye N, Yang K, Wang Y, Hu L, Chao S, Toner M, Li Y. Precision Isolation of Circulating Leukemia Cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Using a Novel Microfluidic Device and Its Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5696. [PMID: 38067399 PMCID: PMC10705219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy characterized by the malignant transformation of myeloid cells and their proliferation in the peripheral blood. The management of CML poses significant challenges, particularly in detecting and eradicating minimal residual disease, which is crucial for preventing relapse and improving survival outcomes. Traditional minimal residual disease detection methods, such as bone marrow aspiration, are invasive and have limitations which include the potential for sampling errors and false negatives. This study introduces a novel label-free microfluidic chip designed for the segregation and recovery of circulating leukemia cells, offering a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach with potential applications in precision medicine. Over July 2021 to October 2023, we recruited 56 CML patients across various disease stages and collected blood samples for analysis using our microfluidic device. The device demonstrated high efficacy in isolating circulating leukemia cells, with an optimal capture efficiency of 78% at a sample flow rate of 3 mL/h. Our results indicate that the microfluidic device can efficiently segregate and quantify circulating leukemia cells, providing a detailed understanding of CML progression and treatment response. The significant reduction in circulating leukemia cell counts in patients in complete remission highlights the device's potential in monitoring treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the device's sensitivity in detecting minimal residual disease could offer a more reliable prognostic tool for therapeutic decision-making in CML management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Ouyang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ningxin Ye
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shuen Chao
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
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Sorour Amini H, Mohammadi A. Microparticle separation using dielectrophoresis-assisted inertial microfluidics: A GPU-accelerated immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann simulation. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:035307. [PMID: 37073039 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.035307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the migration of microparticles towards the inertial equilibrium positions in a straight microchannel with a square cross section in the presence of an inhomogeneous oscillating electric field was examined. The dynamics of microparticles were simulated using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method of fluid-structure interaction simulation. Moreover, the lattice Boltzmann Poisson solver was applied to calculate the electric field required for calculation of the dielectrophoretic force using the equivalent dipole moment approximation. These numerical methods were implemented on a single GPU coupled with the AA pattern of storing distribution functions in memory to speed up the computationally demanding simulation of microparticles dynamics. In the absence of an electric field, spherical polystyrene microparticles migrate to four symmetric stable equilibrium positions corresponding to the sidewalls of the square cross-sectional microchannel. The equilibrium distance from the sidewall was increased by increasing the particle size. The equilibrium positions near electrodes disappeared and particles migrated to the other equilibrium positions far from the electrodes by the application of the high-frequency oscillatory electric field at voltages beyond a threshold value. Finally, a two-step dielectrophoresis-assisted inertial microfluidics methodology was introduced for particle separation based on the crossover frequencies and the observed threshold voltages of different particles. The proposed method exploited the synergistic effect of dielectrophoresis and inertial microfluidics methods to remove their limitations, allowing the separation of a broad range of polydisperse particle mixtures with a single device in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sorour Amini
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
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Jeon HJ, Lim HG, Shung KK, Lee OJ, Kim MG. Automated cell-type classification combining dilated convolutional neural networks with label-free acoustic sensing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19873. [PMID: 36400803 PMCID: PMC9674693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to automatically classify live cells based on their cell type by analyzing the patterns of backscattered signals of cells with minimal effect on normal cell physiology and activity. Our previous studies have demonstrated that label-free acoustic sensing using high-frequency ultrasound at a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) can capture and analyze a single object from a heterogeneous sample. However, eliminating possible errors in the manual setting and time-consuming processes when postprocessing integrated backscattering (IB) coefficients of backscattered signals is crucial. In this study, an automated cell-type classification system that combines a label-free acoustic sensing technique with deep learning-empowered artificial intelligence models is proposed. We applied an one-dimensional (1D) convolutional autoencoder to denoise the signals and conducted data augmentation based on Gaussian noise injection to enhance the robustness of the proposed classification system to noise. Subsequently, denoised backscattered signals were classified into specific cell types using convolutional neural network (CNN) models for three types of signal data representations, including 1D CNN models for waveform and frequency spectrum analysis and two-dimensional (2D) CNN models for spectrogram analysis. We evaluated the proposed system by classifying two types of cells (e.g., RBC and PNT1A) and two types of polystyrene microspheres by analyzing their backscattered signal patterns. We attempted to discover cell physical properties reflected on backscattered signals by controlling experimental variables, such as diameter and structure material. We further evaluated the effectiveness of the neural network models and efficacy of data representations by comparing their accuracy with that of baseline methods. Therefore, the proposed system can be used to classify reliably and precisely several cell types with different intrinsic physical properties for personalized cancer medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Jeon
- grid.482520.90000 0004 0578 4668Data Assimilation Group, Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems, Seoul, 07071 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - O-Joun Lee
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Artificial Intelligence, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gon Kim
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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Bakhshi MS, Rizwan M, Khan GJ, Duan H, Zhai K. Design of a novel integrated microfluidic chip for continuous separation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17016. [PMID: 36220844 PMCID: PMC9554048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Late-stage presentation, inaccessible diagnosis, and treatment are common challenges in developed countries. Detection, enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) as early as possible can reportedly lead to more effective treatment. The isolation of CTC at an early stage is challenging due to the low probability of its presence in peripheral blood. In this study, we propose a novel two-stage, label-free, rapid, and continuous CTC separation device based on hydrodynamic inertial focusing and dielectrophoretic separation. The dominance and differential of wall-induced inertial lift force and Dean drag force inside a curved microfluidic channel results in size-based separation of Red Blood Cells (RBC) and platelets (size between 2-4 µm) from CTC and leukocytes (9-12.2 µm). A numerical model was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrodynamic inertial focusing in a curvilinear microchannel. Simulations were done with the RBCs, platelets, CTCs, and leukocytes (four major subtypes) to select the optimized value of the parameters in the proposed design. In first stage, the focusing behavior of microscale cells was studied to sort leukocytes and CTCs from RBCs, and platelets while viable CTCs were separated from leukocytes based on their inherent electrical properties using dielectrophoresis in the second stage. The proposed design of the device was evaluated for CTC separation efficiency using numerical simulations. This study considered the influence of critical factors like aspect ratio, dielectrophoretic force, channel size, flow rate, separation efficiency, and shape on cell separation. Results show that the proposed device yields viable CTC with 99.5% isolation efficiency with a throughput of 12.2 ml/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Saleem Bakhshi
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Rizwan
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- grid.444936.80000 0004 0608 9608Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hong Duan
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China ,grid.459584.10000 0001 2196 0260Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004 People’s Republic of China
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Theel EK, Schwaminger SP. Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169004. [PMID: 36012270 PMCID: PMC9409173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive point-of-care (POC) applications. To achieve this, exosomes must first be separated from the respective biofluid. Impurities with similar properties, heterogeneity of exosome characteristics, and time-related biofouling complicate the separation. This practical review presents the state-of-the-art methods available for the separation of exosomes. Furthermore, it is shown how new separation methods can be developed. A particular focus lies on the fabrication and design of microfluidic devices using highly selective affinity separation. Due to their compactness, quick analysis time and portable form factor, these microfluidic devices are particularly suitable to deliver fast and reliable results for POC applications. For these devices, new manufacturing methods (e.g., laminating, replica molding and 3D printing) that use low-cost materials and do not require clean rooms are presented. Additionally, special flow routes and patterns that increase contact surfaces, as well as residence time, and thus improve affinity purification are displayed. Finally, various analyses are shown that can be used to evaluate the separation results of a newly developed device. Overall, this review paper provides a toolbox for developing new microfluidic affinity devices for exosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike K. Theel
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Lee S, Jeong M, Lee S, Lee SH, Choi JS. Mag-spinner: a next-generation Facile, Affordable, Simple, and porTable (FAST) magnetic separation system. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:792-800. [PMID: 36131828 PMCID: PMC9419614 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mag-spinner, a system in which magnets are combined with a spinner system, is a new type of magnetic separation system for the preprocessing of biological and medical samples. Interference by undesired components restricts the detection accuracy and efficiency. Thus, the development of appropriate separation techniques is required for better detection of the desired targets, to enrich the target analytes and remove the undesired components. The strong response of iron oxide nanoclusters can successfully capture the targets quickly and with high efficiency. As a result, cancer cells can be effectively separated from blood using the developed mag-spinner system. Indeed, this system satisfies the requirements for desirable separation systems, namely (i) fast sorting rates, (ii) high separation efficiency, (iii) the ability to process native biological fluids, (iv) simple operating procedures, (v) low cost, (vi) operational convenience, and (vii) portability. Therefore, this system is widely applicable to sample preparation without limitations on place, cost, and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Jeong
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Dept. of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University 34134 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
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7
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Yu H, Wang Z, Long T, Li Y, Thushara D, Bao B, Zhao S. Permeability and Selectivity Analysis for Affinity‐based Nanoparticle Separation through Nanochannels. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Dilantha Thushara
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Moratuwa Moratuwa Sri Lanka
| | - Bo Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning People's Republic of China
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8
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Day K, Schneible JD, Young AT, Pozdin VA, Van Den Driessche G, Gaffney LA, Prodromou R, Freytes DO, Fourches D, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Photoinduced reconfiguration to control the protein-binding affinity of azobenzene-cyclized peptides. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7413-7427. [PMID: 32661544 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of next-generation biorecognition elements (ligands) will be determined by the ability to remotely control their binding activity for a target biomolecule in complex environments. Compared to conventional mechanisms for regulating binding affinity (pH, ionic strength, or chaotropic agents), light provides higher accuracy and rapidity, and is particularly suited for labile targets. In this study, we demonstrate a general method to develop azobenzene-cyclized peptide ligands with light-controlled affinity for target proteins. Light triggers a cis/trans isomerization of the azobenzene, which results in a major structural rearrangement of the cyclic peptide from a non-binding to a binding configuration. Critical to this goal are the ability to achieve efficient photo-isomerization under low light dosage and the temporal stability of both cis and trans isomers. We demonstrated our method by designing photo-switchable peptides targeting vascular cell adhesion marker 1 (VCAM1), a cell marker implicated in stem cell function. Starting from a known VCAM1-binding linear peptide, an ensemble of azobenzene-cyclized variants with selective light-controlled binding were identified by combining in silico design with experimental characterization via spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Variant cycloAZOB[G-VHAKQHRN-K] featured rapid, light-controlled binding of VCAM1 (KD,trans/KD,cis ∼ 130). Biotin-cycloAZOB[G-VHAKQHRN-K] was utilized to label brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), showing co-localization with anti-VCAM1 antibodies in cis configuration and negligible binding in trans configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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Yoon K, Jung HW, Chun MS. Two-phase flow in microfluidic-chip design of hydrodynamic filtration for cell particle sorting. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1002-1010. [PMID: 32097495 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As one of the flow-based passive sorting, the hydrodynamic filtration using a microfluidic-chip has shown to effectively separate into different sizes of subpopulations from cell or particle suspensions. Its model framework involving two-phase Newtonian or generalized Newtonian fluid (GNF) was developed, by performing the complete analysis of laminar flow and complicated networks of main and multiple branch channels. To predict rigorously what occurs in flow fields, we estimated pressure drop, velocity profile, and the ratio of the flow fraction at each branch point, in which the analytical model was validated with numerical flow simulations. As a model fluid of the GNF, polysaccharide solution based on Carreau type was examined. The objective parameters aiming practical channel design include the number of the branches and the length of narrow section of each branch for arbitrary conditions. The flow fraction and the number of branches are distinctly affected by the viscosity ratio between feed and side flows. As the side flow becomes more viscous, the flow fraction increases but the number of branches decreases, which enables a compact chip designed with fewer branches being operated under the same throughput. Hence, our rational design analysis indicates the significance of constitutive properties of each stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Chun
- National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Department, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sivaramakrishnan M, Kothandan R, Govindarajan DK, Meganathan Y, Kandaswamy K. Active microfluidic systems for cell sorting and separation. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Real-Time Single Cell Monitoring: Measurement and Counting of Motile Sperm Using LCR Impedance-Integrated Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10100647. [PMID: 31561484 PMCID: PMC6843681 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we aimed to count the ratio of the number of motile to immotile sperm for patients with infertility problems based on a low-sperm-concentration examination. The microfluidic system consists of two series of applications: The conventional separation of motile sperm and the proposed inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) or LCR impedance sperm counter. In the experiment, 96% of motile sperm were isolated from nonmotile sperm in the first part and transported to the second part to count and calculate real-time sperm concentration. A pair of microelectrodes composed of thin metal film were integrated between microchannels, resulting in a peak signal for LCR single-cell detection, as well as the estimated total sperm concentration. A minimum of 10 µL of the sperm sample was completely analyzed with an accuracy of 94.8% compared with the standard computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) method. This method could be applied for low-cost sperm separation and counting in the future.
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A Rapid Method for Label-Free Enrichment of Rare Trophoblast Cells from Cervical Samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12115. [PMID: 31431640 PMCID: PMC6702343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) have the potential to provide the entire fetal genome for prenatal testing. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of EVTs in the cervical canal and the ability to retrieve a small quantity of these cells by cervical sampling. However, these small quantities of trophoblasts are far outnumbered by the population of cervical cells in the sample, making isolation of the trophoblasts challenging. We have developed a method to enrich trophoblast cells from a cervical sample using differential settling of the cells in polystyrene wells. We tested the addition of small quantities of JEG-3 trophoblast cell line cells into clinical samples from standard Pap tests taken at 5 to 20 weeks of gestation to determine the optimal work flow. We observed that a 4 min incubation in the capture wells led to a maximum in JEG-3 cell settling on the surface (71 ± 10% of the initial amount added) with the removal of 91 ± 3% of the cervical cell population, leading to a 700% enrichment in JEG-3 cells. We hypothesized that settling of mucus in the cervical sample affects the separation. Finally, we performed a proof-of-concept study using our work flow and CyteFinder cell picking to verify enrichment and pick individual JEG-3 and trophoblast cells free of cervical cells. Ultimately, this work provides a rapid, facile, and cost-effective method for enriching native trophoblasts from cervical samples for use in subsequent non-invasive prenatal testing using methods including single cell picking.
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Ozbey A, Karimzadehkhouei M, Kocaturk NM, Bilir SE, Kutlu O, Gozuacik D, Kosar A. Inertial focusing of cancer cell lines in curvilinear microchannels. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Wu J, Lin JM. Microfluidic Technology for Single-Cell Capture and Isolation. MICROFLUIDICS FOR SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9729-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Wu J, Chen Q, Lin JM. Microfluidic technologies in cell isolation and analysis for biomedical applications. Analyst 2018; 142:421-441. [PMID: 27900377 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient platforms for cell isolation and analysis play an important role in applied and fundamental biomedical studies. As cells commonly have a size of around 10 microns, conventional handling approaches at a large scale are still challenged in precise control and efficient recognition of cells for further performance of isolation and analysis. Microfluidic technologies have become more prominent in highly efficient cell isolation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, single-cell analysis and stem cell separation, since microfabricated devices allow for the spatial and temporal control of complex biochemistries and geometries by matching cell morphology and hydrodynamic traps in a fluidic network, as well as enabling specific recognition with functional biomolecules in the microchannels. In addition, the fabrication of nano-interfaces in the microchannels has been increasingly emerging as a very powerful strategy for enhancing the capability of cell capture by improving cell-interface interactions. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell isolation and analysis. We also describe the general biomedical applications of microfluidic cell isolation and analysis, and finally make a prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Atajanov A, Zhbanov A, Yang S. Sorting and manipulation of biological cells and the prospects for using optical forces. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Dore-Duffy P, Esen N. The Microvascular Pericyte: Approaches to Isolation, Characterization, and Cultivation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1109:53-65. [PMID: 30523589 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microvascular pericyte was identified in 1873 by the French scientist Charles Benjamin Rouget and originally called the Rouget cell (Rouget.Sciences 88:916-8, 1879). However, it was not until the early 1900s that Rouget's work was confirmed, and the Rouget cell renamed the pericyte by virtue of its peri-endothelial location (Dore. Brit J Dermatol 35:398-404, 1923; Zimmermann. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 68:3-109, 1923). Over the years a large number of publications have emerged, but the pericyte has remained a truly enigmatic cell. This is due, in part, by the paucity of easy and reliable methods to isolate and characterize the cell as well as its heterogeneity and pluripotent characteristics. However, more recent advances in molecular genetics and development of novel cell isolation and imaging techniques have enable scientists to more readily define pericyte function. This chapter will discuss general approaches to the isolation, characterization, and propagation of primary pericytes in the establishment of cell lines. We will attempt to dispel misinterpretations about the pericyte that cloud the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dore-Duffy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Nilufer Esen
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Microfluidic Cell Isolation and Recognition for Biomedical Applications. CELL ANALYSIS ON MICROFLUIDICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5394-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Label-free analysis of the characteristics of a single cell trapped by acoustic tweezers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14092. [PMID: 29074938 PMCID: PMC5658370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is essential to understand the physical and functional characteristics of cells. The basic knowledge of these characteristics is important to elucidate the unique features of various cells and causative factors of diseases and determine the most effective treatments for diseases. Recently, acoustic tweezers based on tightly focused ultrasound microbeam have attracted considerable attention owing to their capability to grab and separate a single cell from a heterogeneous cell sample and to measure its physical cell properties. However, the measurement cannot be performed while trapping the target cell, because the current method uses long ultrasound pulses for grabbing one cell and short pulses for interrogating the target cell. In this paper, we demonstrate that short ultrasound pulses can be used for generating acoustic trapping force comparable to that with long pulses by adjusting the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). This enables us to capture a single cell and measure its physical properties simultaneously. Furthermore, it is shown that short ultrasound pulses at a PRF of 167 kHz can trap and separate either one red blood cell or one prostate cancer cell and facilitate the simultaneous measurement of its integrated backscattering coefficient related to the cell size and mechanical properties.
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21
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Zhang Y, Lyons V, Pappas D. Fundamentals of affinity cell separations. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:732-741. [PMID: 28960354 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell separations using affinity methods continue to be an enabling science for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of affinity separation, including the competing forces for cell capture and elution, cell-surface interactions, and models for cell adhesion. Factors affecting separation performance such as bond affinity, contact area, and temperature are presented. We also discuss and demonstrate the effects of nonspecific binding on separation performance. Metrics for evaluating cell separations are presented, along with methods of comparing separation techniques for cell isolation using affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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22
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Weng X, Neethirajan S. Ensuring food safety: Quality monitoring using microfluidics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Nivedita N, Garg N, Lee AP, Papautsky I. A high throughput microfluidic platform for size-selective enrichment of cell populations in tissue and blood samples. Analyst 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated platform for highly selective separation and enrichment of cells from blood and tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Nivedita
- Department of Pharmacology
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Neha Garg
- BioMiNT Lab
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- BioMiNT Lab
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- NSF Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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24
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Lee W, Tseng P, Di Carlo D. Microfluidic Cell Sorting and Separation Technology. MICROSYSTEMS AND NANOSYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44139-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Pappas D. Microfluidics and cancer analysis: cell separation, cell/tissue culture, cell mechanics, and integrated analysis systems. Analyst 2016; 141:525-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01778e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the growing number of tools available for cancer studies, microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising analytical tool to elucidate cancer cell and tumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- USA
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26
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Zhang Y, Pappas D. Microfluidic cell surface antigen expression analysis using a single antibody type. Analyst 2016; 141:1440-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A single-chip approach to capture and isolate cells based on differences in antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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27
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Warkiani ME, Wu L, Tay AKP, Han J. Large-Volume Microfluidic Cell Sorting for Biomedical Applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2015; 17:1-34. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lidan Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Andy Kah Ping Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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28
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Chung AJ, Hur SC. High-Speed Microfluidic Manipulation of Cells. ADVANCED MICRO AND NANOSYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527690237.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Li W, Gao Y, Pappas D. A complementary method to CD4 counting: measurement of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in a tandem affinity microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:113. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Jung H, Chun MS, Chang MS. Sorting of human mesenchymal stem cells by applying optimally designed microfluidic chip filtration. Analyst 2015; 140:1265-74. [PMID: 25555081 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with different multipotent properties: small and large cells with high and low multipotency, respectively. Accordingly, sorting out a target subpopulation from the others is very important to increase the effectiveness of cell-based therapy. We performed flow-based sorting of hMSCs by using optimally designed microfluidic chips based on the hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) principle. The chip was designed with the parameters rigorously determined by the complete analysis of laminar flow for flow fraction and complicated networks of main and multi-branched channels for hMSCs sorting into three subpopulations: small (<25 μm), medium (25-40 μm), and large (>40 μm) cells. By focusing with a proper ratio between main and side flows, cells migrate toward the sidewall due to a virtual boundary of fluid layers and enter the branch channels. This opens the possibility of sorting stem cells rapidly without damage. Over 86% recovery was achieved for each population of cells with complete purity in small cells, but the sorting efficiency of cells is slightly lower than that of rigid model particles, due to the effect of cell deformation. Finally, we confirmed that our method could successfully fractionate the three subpopulations of hMSCs by analyzing the surface marker expressions of cells from each outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Jung
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Dept of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Get to Understand More from Single-Cells: Current Studies of Microfluidic-Based Techniques for Single-Cell Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213918 PMCID: PMC4581168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the microfluidic techniques developed for the analysis of a single cell. The characteristics of microfluidic (e.g., little sample amount required, high-throughput performance) make this tool suitable to answer and to solve biological questions of interest about a single cell. This review aims to introduce microfluidic related techniques for the isolation, trapping and manipulation of a single cell. The major approaches for detection in single-cell analysis are introduced; the applications of single-cell analysis are then summarized. The review concludes with discussions of the future directions and opportunities of microfluidic systems applied in analysis of a single cell.
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32
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Non-linear optical flow cytometry using a scanned, Bessel beam light-sheet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10751. [PMID: 26021750 PMCID: PMC4448227 DOI: 10.1038/srep10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern flow cytometry instruments have become vital tools for high-throughput analysis of single cells. However, as issues with the cellular labeling techniques often used in flow cytometry have become more of a concern, the development of label-free modalities for cellular analysis is increasingly desired. Non-linear optical phenomena (NLO) are of growing interest for label-free analysis because of the ability to measure the intrinsic optical response of biomolecules found in cells. We demonstrate that a light-sheet consisting of a scanned Bessel beam is an optimal excitation geometry for efficiently generating NLO signals in a microfluidic environment. The balance of photon density and cross-sectional area provided by the light-sheet allowed significantly larger two-photon fluorescence intensities to be measured in a model polystyrene microparticle system compared to measurements made using other excitation focal geometries, including a relaxed Gaussian excitation beam often used in conventional flow cytometers.
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33
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Enrichment of circulating tumor cells in tumor-bearing mouse blood by a deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic device. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:9964. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Walsh DI, Lalli ML, Kassas JM, Asthagiri AR, Murthy SK. Cell Chemotaxis on Paper for Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5505-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David I. Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Biology, ∥Barnett Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark L. Lalli
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Biology, ∥Barnett Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Juliette M. Kassas
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Biology, ∥Barnett Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anand R. Asthagiri
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Biology, ∥Barnett Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shashi K. Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Biology, ∥Barnett Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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35
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Skotis GD, Cumming DRS, Roberts JN, Riehle MO, Bernassau AL. Dynamic acoustic field activated cell separation (DAFACS). LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:802-10. [PMID: 25474444 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in diagnostics, cell and stem cell technologies drive the development of application-specific tools for cell and particle separation. Acoustic micro-particle separation offers a promising avenue for high-throughput, label-free, high recovery, cell and particle separation and isolation in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach utilizing a dynamic acoustic field that is capable of separating an arbitrary size range of cells. We first demonstrate the method for the separation of particles with different diameters between 6 and 45 μm and secondly particles of different densities in a heterogeneous medium. The dynamic acoustic field is then used to separate dorsal root ganglion cells. The shearless, label-free and low damage characteristics make this method of manipulation particularly suited for biological applications. Advantages of using a dynamic acoustic field for the separation of cells include its inherent safety and biocompatibility, the possibility to operate over large distances (centimetres), high purity (ratio of particle population, up to 100%), and high efficiency (ratio of separated particles over total number of particles to separate, up to 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Skotis
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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36
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Abstract
Separating cells from a heterogeneous sample on microfluidic devices is a very important unit operation in biological and medical research. Microfluidic affinity cell chromatography is a label-free separation technique, providing ease of operation, low cost, and rapid analysis. In this chapter, protocols for cell affinity separation in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microdevices and glass capillaries are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Office Chemistry 300-B, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
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37
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Harrison H, Lu X, Patel S, Thomas C, Todd A, Johnson M, Raval Y, Tzeng TR, Song Y, Wang J, Li D, Xuan X. Electrokinetic preconcentration of particles and cells in microfluidic reservoirs. Analyst 2015; 140:2869-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrokinetic (EK) technique for in-reservoir particle and cell preconcentration via induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) and dielectrophoresis (DEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Harrison
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Saurin Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Cory Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Andrew Todd
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Yash Raval
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | | | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
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38
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Plouffe BD, Murthy SK. Perspective on microfluidic cell separation: a solved problem? Anal Chem 2014; 86:11481-8. [PMID: 25350696 PMCID: PMC4255671 DOI: 10.1021/ac5013283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purification and sorting of cells using microfluidic methodologies has been a remarkably active area of research over the past decade. Much of the scientific and technological work associated with microfluidic cell separation has been driven by needs in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring, most notably in the context of circulating tumor cells. The last several years have seen advances in a broad range of separation modalities ranging from miniaturized analogs of established techniques such as fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting (FACS and MACS, respectively), to more specialized approaches based on affinity, dielectrophoretic mobility, and inertial properties of cells. With several of these technologies nearing commercialization, there is a sense that the field of microfluidic cell separation has achieved a high level of maturity over an unusually short span of time. In this Perspective, we set the stage by describing major scientific and technological advances in this field and ask what the future holds. While many scientific questions remain unanswered and new compelling questions will undoubtedly arise, the relative maturity of this field poses some unique challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Plouffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shashi K. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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39
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Microfluidic antibody arrays for simultaneous cell separation and stimulus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7867-73. [PMID: 25354890 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip containing stamped antibody arrays was developed for simultaneous cell separation and drug testing. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) stamping was used to deposit antibodies in a microfluidic channel, forming discrete cell-capture regions on the surface. Cell mixtures were then introduced, resulting in the separation of cells when specific antibodies were used. Anti-CD19 antibody regions resulted in 94 % capture purity for CD19+ Ramos cells. An antibody that captures multiple cell types, for example anti-CD71, can also be used to capture several cell types simultaneously. Cells could also be loaded onto the arrays with spatial control using laminar streams. Both Ramos B cells and HuT 78 T cells were isolated in the chip and exposed to staurosporine in the same channel. Both cell lines had similar responses to the drug, with 2-10 % of cells remaining viable after 20 h of drug treatment, depending on cell type. The chip can also be used to analyze the efficacy of antibody therapy against cancer cells. Anti-CD95 was deposited on the surface and used for simultaneous cell capture and apoptosis induction via the extrinsic pathway. Cells captured on anti-CD95 surfaces had significant viability loss (15 % viability after 24 h) when compared with a control anti-CD71 antibody (81 % viability after 24 h). This chip can be used for a variety of cell separation and/or drug testing studies, enabling researchers to isolate cells and test them against different anti-cancer compounds and to follow cell response using fluorescence or other readout methods.
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40
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Thompson AM, Paguirigan AL, Kreutz JE, Radich JP, Chiu DT. Microfluidics for single-cell genetic analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3135-42. [PMID: 24789374 PMCID: PMC4117719 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to correlate single-cell genetic information to cellular phenotypes will provide the kind of detailed insight into human physiology and disease pathways that is not possible to infer from bulk cell analysis. Microfluidic technologies are attractive for single-cell manipulation due to precise handling and low risk of contamination. Additionally, microfluidic single-cell techniques can allow for high-throughput and detailed genetic analyses that increase accuracy and decrease reagent cost compared to bulk techniques. Incorporating these microfluidic platforms into research and clinical laboratory workflows can fill an unmet need in biology, delivering the highly accurate, highly informative data necessary to develop new therapies and monitor patient outcomes. In this perspective, we describe the current and potential future uses of microfluidics at all stages of single-cell genetic analysis, including cell enrichment and capture, single-cell compartmentalization and manipulation, and detection and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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41
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Chen Y, Chung AJ, Wu TH, Teitell MA, Di Carlo D, Chiou PY. Pulsed laser activated cell sorting with three dimensional sheathless inertial focusing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1746-51. [PMID: 24536017 PMCID: PMC4324602 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43–147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1597, USA
| | - Aram J. Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, JEC 2024, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180–3590, USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43–147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1597, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095–1732, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Bioengineering; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute; and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095–1732, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43–147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1597, USA. Department of Bioengineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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42
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Pullagurla SR, Witek MA, Jackson JM, Lindell MAM, Hupert ML, Nesterova IV, Baird AE, Soper SA. Parallel affinity-based isolation of leukocyte subsets using microfluidics: application for stroke diagnosis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4058-65. [PMID: 24650222 PMCID: PMC4004188 DOI: 10.1021/ac5007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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We report the design and performance
of a polymer microfluidic
device that can affinity select multiple types of biological cells
simultaneously with sufficient recovery and purity to allow for the
expression profiling of mRNA isolated from these cells. The microfluidic
device consisted of four independent selection beds with curvilinear
channels that were 25 μm wide and 80 μm deep and were
modified with antibodies targeting antigens specifically expressed
by two different cell types. Bifurcated and Z-configured device geometries
were evaluated for cell selection. As an example of the performance
of these devices, CD4+ T-cells and neutrophils were selected from
whole blood as these cells are known to express genes found in stroke-related
expression profiles that can be used for the diagnosis of this disease.
CD4+ T-cells and neutrophils were simultaneously isolated with purities
>90% using affinity-based capture in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)
devices with a processing time of ∼3 min. In addition, sufficient
quantities of the cells could be recovered from a 50 μL whole
blood input to allow for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) following cell lysis. The expression of genes from isolated
T-cells and neutrophils, such as S100A9, TCRB, and FPR1, was evaluated using RT-PCR.
The modification and isolation procedures demonstrated here can also
be used to analyze other cell types as well where multiple subsets
must be interrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi R Pullagurla
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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43
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Chen P, Huang YY, Hoshino K, Zhang X. Multiscale immunomagnetic enrichment of circulating tumor cells: from tubes to microchips. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:446-58. [PMID: 24292816 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We review the rare cancer cell sorting technologies, with a focus on multiscale immunomagnetic approaches. Starting from the conventional magnetic activated cell sorting system, we derive the scaling laws of immunomagnetic assay and justify the recent trend of using downscaled systems for CTC studies. Furthermore, we introduce recent work on combining the immunomagnetic assay with microfluidic technology for enhanced separation. We summarize different types of in-channel micro-magnetic structures that can further increase the local magnetic field without lowering the system throughput. Related design concepts, principles, and microfabrication techniques are presented and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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44
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Chen Y, Wu TH, Kung YC, Teitell MA, Chiou PY. 3D pulsed laser-triggered high-speed microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Analyst 2013; 138:7308-15. [PMID: 23844418 PMCID: PMC4210433 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a 3D microfluidic pulsed laser-triggered fluorescence-activated cell sorter capable of sorting at a throughput of 23 000 cells per s with 90% purity in high-purity mode and at a throughput of 45 000 cells per s with 45% purity in enrichment mode in one stage and in a single channel. This performance is realized by exciting laser-induced cavitation bubbles in a 3D PDMS microfluidic channel to generate high-speed liquid jets that deflect detected fluorescent cells and particles focused by 3D sheath flows. The ultrafast switching mechanism (20 μs complete on-off cycle), small liquid jet perturbation volume, and three-dimensional sheath flow focusing for accurate timing control of fast (1.5 m s(-1)) passing cells and particles are three critical factors enabling high-purity sorting at high-throughput in this sorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Kung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pediatrics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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