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Zhang Q, Shi Y, Xu H, Zhou L, Gao J, Jiang J, Cai M, Shan Y. Evaluating the efficacy of the anticancer drug cetuximab by atomic force microscopy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21793-21797. [PMID: 35541738 PMCID: PMC9081852 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is important in the growth of many cancers. However, the biophysical characteristics of cetuximab as an anti-cancer drug remain elusive. In this study, we adopted atomic force microscopy to measure the mechanical properties of cancer cells following cetuximab treatment and the biomechanical properties of cetuximab and epidermal growth factor receptor interactions. Atomic force microscopy can be implemented as a platform for further investigations that target the cellular stiffness and affinity of ligand–receptor as a therapeutic choice. Atomic force microscopy can be implemented as a platform for further investigations that target the cellular stiffness and affinity of ligand–receptor as a therapeutic choice.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yan Shi
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lulu Zhou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing Gao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
| | - Junguang Jiang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuping Shan
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
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Pi J, Jin H, Jiang J, Yang F, Cai H, Yang P, Cai J, Chen ZW. Single molecule force spectroscopy for in-situ probing oridonin inhibited ROS-mediated EGF-EGFR interactions in living KYSE-150 cells. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:479-489. [PMID: 28411855 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the active anticancer component of Rabdosia Rubescens, oridonin has been proved to show strong anticancer activity in cancer cells, which is also found to be closely related to its specific inhibition effects on the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. In this study, atomic force microscopy based single molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) was used for real-time and in-situ detection of EGF-EGFR interactions in living esophageal cancer KYSE-150 cells to evaluate the anticancer activity of oridonin for the first time. Oridonin was found to induce apoptosis and also reduce EGFR expression in KYSE-150 cells. AFM-SMFS results demonstrated that oridonin could inhibit the binding between EGF and EGFR in KYSE-150 cells by decreasing the unbinding force and binding probability for EGF-EGFR complexes, which was further proved to be closely associated with the intracellular ROS level. More precise mechanism studies based on AFM-SMFS demonstrated that oridonin treatment could decrease the energy barrier width, increase the dissociation off rate constant and decrease the activation energy of EGF-EGFR complexes in ROS dependent way, suggesting oridonin as a strong anticancer agent targeting EGF-EGFR interactions in cancer cells through ROS dependent mechanism. Our results not only suggested oridonin as a strong anticancer agent targeting EGF-EGFR interactions in ROS dependent mechanism, but also highlighted AFM-SMFS as a powerful technique for pharmacodynamic studies by detecting ligand-receptor interactions, which was also expected to be developed into a promising tool for the screening and mechanism studies of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
| | - Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Huaihong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peihui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
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Zhang L, Pi J, Shi Q, Cai J, Yang P, Liang Z. In situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on erythrocytes from a type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis patient by atomic force microscopy. Analyst 2016; 140:7407-16. [PMID: 26405719 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an insulin-dependent metabolic disorder always associated with ketoacidosis and a high morbidity rate in teenagers. The in situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on healthy and diseased erythrocytes is helpful to understand the pathomechanism of type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis (T1-DKA), which would also benefit the diagnosis and treatment of T1-DKA. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the single molecule interaction between insulin and insulin receptor on erythrocytes from a healthy volunteer and a T1-DKA patient using high sensitivity atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PBS solution. The single molecule force results demonstrated the decreased binding force and binding probability between insulin and insulin receptor on T1-DKA erythrocytes, implying the deficit of insulin receptor functions in T1-DKA. The binding kinetic parameters calculated from dynamic force spectroscopy indicated that the insulin-insulin receptor complexes on T1-DKA erythrocytes were less stable than those from healthy volunteer. Using high resolution AFM imaging, a decreased roughness was found both in intact T1-DKA erythrocytes and in the purified membrane of T1-DKA erythrocytes, and an increased stiffness was also found in T1-DKA erythrocytes. Moreover, AFM, which was used to investigate the single molecule interactions between insulin-insulin receptor, cell surface ultrastructure and stiffness in healthy and diseased erythrocytes, was expected to develop into a potential nanotool for pathomechanism studies of clinical samples at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Luo Z, Cheng B, Cui S. Effects of Water on the Single-Chain Elasticity of Poly(U) RNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6107-6113. [PMID: 25989243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water, the dominant component under the physiological condition, is a complicated solvent which greatly affects the properties of solute molecules. Here, we utilize atomic force microscope-based single-molecule force spectroscopy to study the influence of water on the single-molecule elasticity of an unstructured single-stranded RNA (poly(U)). In nonpolar solvents, RNA presents its inherent elasticity, which is consistent with the theoretical single-chain elasticity calculated by quantum mechanics calculations. In aqueous buffers, however, an additional energy of 1.88 kJ/mol·base is needed for the stretching of the ssRNA chain. This energy is consumed by the bound water rearrangement (Ew) during chain elongation. Further experimental results indicate that the Ew value is uncorrelated to the salt concentrations and stretching velocity. The results obtained in an 8 M guanidine·HCl solution provide more evidence that the bound water molecules around RNA give rise to the observed deviation between aqueous and nonaqueous environments. Compared to synthetic water-soluble polymers, the value of Ew of RNA is much lower. The weak interference of water is supposed to be the precondition for the RNA secondary structure to exist in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglong Luo
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Ma JA, Hu C, Li W, Ren J, Zou F, Zhou D, Zou W, Wei Y, Zhou Y. Downregulation of c-Met expression does not enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 to gefitinib. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2269-75. [PMID: 25395073 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of downregulation of the c‑Met gene on signal transduction and apoptosis in gastric cancer MKN‑45 cells; furthermore, the study aimed to determine whether altered c‑Met gene expression affected MKN‑45 sensitivity to gefitinib. Three c‑Met‑specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were synthesized and transfected into MKN‑45 cells. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of c‑Met and its downstream signaling molecules [phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) and AKT] were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis 48 h following transfection. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin‑V/propidium iodide double staining and fluorescence‑activated cell sorting analysis. An MTT assay was performed in order to measure the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of gefitinib on MKN‑45 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that 48 h post‑transfection with c‑Met siRNA, MKN‑45 cells showed significantly downregulated expression of c‑Met mRNA and protein as well as an increased rate of apoptosis (P<0.05). In addition, following c‑Met siRNA transfection mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and AKT were not significantly altered in MKN‑45 cells (P>0.05); however, a marked decrease in the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K and p‑AKT was observed (P<0.05). Furthermore, the IC50 of gefitinib in MKN‑45 cells was not significantly decreased. In conclusion, knockdown of the c‑Met gene promoted gastric cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited downstream p‑PI3K and p‑AKT; however, the sensitivity of MKN‑45 cells to gefitinib was not increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-An Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Fangwen Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Dongai Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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In-situ detection of resveratrol inhibition effect on epidermal growth factor receptor of living MCF-7 cells by Atomic Force Microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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