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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on bio-mimicked multimolecular frameworks and supramolecules as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:352-398. [PMID: 36349456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization depicts a propitious route to optimize the catalytic performances, efficient recovery, minimizing autocatalysis, and also augment the stabilities of enzymes, particularly in unnatural environments. In this opinion, supramolecules and multimolecular frameworks have captivated immense attention to achieve profound controllable interactions between enzyme molecules and well-defined natural or synthetic architectures to yield protein bioconjugates with high accessibility for substrate binding and enhanced enantioselectivities. This scholastic review emphasizes the possibilities of associating multimolecular complexes with biological entities via several types of interactions, namely covalent interactions, host-guest complexation, π - π ${\rm{\pi }}-{\rm{\pi }}$ interactions, intra/inter hydrogen bondings, electrostatic interactions, and so forth offers remarkable applications for the modulations of enzymes. The potential synergies between artificial supramolecular structures and biological systems are the primary concern of this pedagogical review. The majority of the research primarily focused on the dynamic biomolecule-responsive supramolecular assemblages and multimolecular architectures as ideal platforms for the recognition and modulation of proteins and cells. Embracing sustainable green demeanors of enzyme immobilizations in a quest to reinforce site-selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and structural integrality of enzymes are the contemporary requirements of the biotechnological sectors that instigate the development of novel biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Campàs M, Rambla-Alegre M, Wirén C, Alcaraz C, Rey M, Safont A, Diogène J, Torréns M, Fragoso A. Cyclodextrin polymers as passive sampling materials for lipophilic marine toxins in Prorocentrum lima cultures and a Dinophysis sacculus bloom in the NW Mediterranean Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131464. [PMID: 34256204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligomers that form a conical structure with an internal cavity, are proposed as new and sustainable materials for passive sampling of lipophilic marine toxins. Two applicability scenarios have been tested. First, disks containing β-cyclodextrin-hexamethylene diisocyanate (β-CD-HDI) and β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin (β-CD-EPI) polymers were immersed in Prorocentrum lima cultures for different days (2, 12 and 40). LC-MS/MS analysis showed capture of free okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) by cyclodextrins at contents that increased with immersion time. Cyclodextrins resulted more efficient in capturing DTX1 than OA. In a second experiment, disks containing β-CD-HDI, β-CD-EPI, γ-CD-HDI and γ-CD-EPI were deployed in harbor waters of El Masnou (NW Mediterranean Sea) during a Dinophysis sacculus bloom in February 2020. Free OA and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) were captured by cyclodextrins. Toxin contents were higher at sampling points and sampling weeks with higher D. sacculus cell abundance. In this case, PTX2 capture with cyclodextrins was more efficient than OA capture. Therefore, cyclodextrins have provided information regarding the toxin profile of a P. lima strain and the spatial and temporal dynamics of a D. sacculus bloom, proven efficient as passive sampling materials for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
| | | | - Charlotta Wirén
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Carles Alcaraz
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - María Rey
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Anna Safont
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Mabel Torréns
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alex Fragoso
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Nazerdeylami S, Ghasemi JB, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Amiri A, Badiei A. Direct monitoring of diclofenac using a supramolecular fluorescent approach based on β-cyclodextrin nanosponge. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tannous M, Caldera F, Hoti G, Dianzani U, Cavalli R, Trotta F. Drug-Encapsulated Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2207:247-283. [PMID: 33113141 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, a number of nanocarriers, either inorganic or organic, have been developed to improve the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of various drugs. Drug delivery systems have attempted to overcome the undesirable pharmacokinetic problems encountered. Among the various nanomaterials that have been designed as potential nanocarriers, cyclodextrin-based polymers are of particular interest in this review.Cyclodextrins (CD) are a class of cyclic glucopyranose oligomers, obtained from starch by enzymatic action, with a characteristic toroidal shape that forms a truncated cone-shaped lipophilic cavity. The main common native cyclodextrins are named α, β, and γ which comprise six, seven, and eight glucopyranose units, respectively. Cyclodextrins have the capability to include compounds whose size and polarity are compatible with those of their cavity.Cyclodextrin-based cross-linked polymers, often referred to as "cyclodextrin nanosponges" (CDNSs), attract great attention from researchers for solving major bioavailability problems such as inadequate solubility, poor dissolution rate, and limited stability of some agents, as well as increasing their effectiveness and decreasing unwanted side effects.Registered patents about this novel system in various fields, different pharmaceutical applications, and classes of drugs encapsulated by CDNSs are detailed. The features outlined make CDNSs a promising platform for the development of innovative and advanced delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tannous
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Gjylije Hoti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Albert SK, Lee S, Durai P, Hu X, Jeong B, Park K, Park SJ. Janus Nanosheets with Face-Selective Molecular Recognition Properties from DNA-Peptide Conjugates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006110. [PMID: 33721400 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and functional anisotropy in Janus materials offer intriguing possibilities for constructing complex nanostructures and regulating chemical and biological reactions. Here, the authors report the fabrication of Janus nanosheets from molecular building blocks composed of two information-carrying biopolymers, DNA and peptides. Experimental and structural modeling studies reveal that DNA-peptide diblock conjugates assemble into Janus nanosheets with distinct DNA and peptide faces. The surprising level of structural control is attributed to the exclusive parallel β-sheet formation of phenylalanine-rich peptides. This approach is extended to triblock DNA1-peptide-DNA2 conjugates, which assemble into nanosheets presenting two different DNA on opposite faces. The Janus nanosheets with independently addressable faces are utilized to organize an enzyme pair for concerted enzymatic reactions, where enhanced catalytic activities are observed. These results demonstrate that the predictable and designable peptide interaction is a promising tool for creating Janus nanostructures with regio-selective and sequence-specific molecular recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine K Albert
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Prasannavenkatesh Durai
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 679, Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Xiaole Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 679, Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
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Biomedical Application of Cyclodextrin Polymers Cross-Linked via Dianhydrides of Carboxylic Acids. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NS) are a novel class of polymers cross-linked with a three-dimensional network and can be obtained from cyclodextrins (CD) and pyromellitic dianhydride. Their properties, such as their ability to form an inclusion complex with drugs, can be used in biomedical science, as nanosponges influence stability, toxicity, selectivity, and controlled release. Most pharmaceutical research use CD-NS for the delivery of drugs in cancer treatment. Application of molecular targeting techniques result in increased selectivity of CD-NS; for example, the addition of disulfide bridges to the polymer structure makes the nanosponge sensitive to the presence of glutathione, as it can reduce such disulfide bonds to thiol moieties. Other delivery applications include dermal transport of pain killers or photosensitizers and delivery of oxygen to heart cells. This gives rise to the opportunity to transition to medical scaffolds, but more, in modern times, to create an ultrasensitive biosensor, which employs the techniques of surface-modified nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). The following review focuses on the biomedical research of cyclodextrin polymers cross-linked via dianhydrides of carboxylic acids.
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Abstract
Cyclodextrins are widely used excipients, composed of glucopyranose units with a cyclic structure. One of their most important properties, is that their inner cavity is hydrophobic, while their surface is hydrophilic. This enables them for the complex formation with lipophilic molecules. They have several applications in the pharmaceutical field like solubility enhancers or the building blocks of larger drug delivery systems. On the other hand, they have numerous effects on cells or biological barriers. In this review the most important properties of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems are summarized with special focus on their biological activity.
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Dhakar NK, Caldera F, Bessone F, Cecone C, Pedrazzo AR, Cavalli R, Dianzani C, Trotta F. Evaluation of solubility enhancement, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity studies of kynurenic acid loaded cyclodextrin nanosponge. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115168. [PMID: 31472867 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid demonstrates antioxidant, neuroprotective and free radical scavenging properties. However, low aqueous solubility of kynurenic acid limits its therapeutic activity. In the present study, cyclodextrin nanosponges were used to improve the solubility and therapeutic activity of kynurenic acid. The formation of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge was confirmed by different characterization techniques. The solubility of kynurenic acid was significantly increased with nanosponge (111.1 μg/ml) compared to free kynurenic acid (16.4 μg/ml) and β-cyclodextrin (28.6 μg/ml). High drug loading (19.06%) and encapsulation efficiency (95.31%) were achieved with NS. The particle size and zeta potential of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge was around 255.8 nm and -23 mV respectively. Moreover, higher solubilization of kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge produced better antioxidant activity compared to free kynurenic acid. The kynurenic acid loaded nanosponge and blank nanosponge were found nontoxic in the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, these studies demonstrated that nanosponges can be used as a carrier for the delivery of kynurenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh K Dhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Bessone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Pawar S, Shende P, Trotta F. Diversity of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for transformation of actives. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:333-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lei KM, Mak PI, Law MK, Martins RP. A palm-size μNMR relaxometer using a digital microfluidic device and a semiconductor transceiver for chemical/biological diagnosis. Analyst 2016; 140:5129-37. [PMID: 26034784 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a micro-nuclear magnetic resonance (μNMR) relaxometer miniaturized to palm-size and electronically automated for multi-step and multi-sample chemical/biological diagnosis. The co-integration of microfluidic and microelectronic technologies enables an association between the droplet managements and μNMR assays inside a portable sub-Tesla magnet (1.2 kg, 0.46 Tesla). Targets in unprocessed biological samples, captured by specific probe-decorated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), can be sequentially quantified by their spin-spin relaxation time (T2) via multiplexed μNMR screening. Distinct droplet samples are operated by a digital microfluidic device that electronically manages the electrowetting-on-dielectric effects over an electrode array. Each electrode (3.5 × 3.5 mm(2)) is scanned with capacitive sensing to locate the distinct droplet samples in real time. A cross-domain-optimized butterfly-coil-input semiconductor transceiver transduces between magnetic and electrical signals to/from a sub-10 μL droplet sample for high-sensitivity μNMR screening. A temperature logger senses the ambient temperature (0 to 40 °C) and a backend processor calibrates the working frequency for the transmitter to precisely excite the protons. In our experiments, the μNMR relaxometer quantifies avidin using biotinylated Iron NPs (Φ: 30 nm, [Fe]: 0.5 mM) with a sensitivity of 0.2 μM. Auto-handling and identification of two targets (avidin and water) are demonstrated and completed within 2.2 min. This μNMR relaxometer holds promise for combinatorial chemical/biological diagnostic protocols using closed-loop electronic automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Meng Lei
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China.
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Wajs E, Fernández N, Fragoso A. Supramolecular biosensors based on electropolymerised pyrrole–cyclodextrin modified surfaces for antibody detection. Analyst 2016; 141:3274-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00532b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an adamantane-appended polymer bearing an antigen fragment on a polypyrrole–cyclodextrin modified surface provides a highly sensitive immunosensor with low limits of detection for celiac disease related antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Wajs
- Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group
- Department d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Núria Fernández
- Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group
- Department d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Alex Fragoso
- Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group
- Department d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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Aktas G, Skouridou V, Masip L. Novel signal amplification approach for HRP-based colorimetric genosensors using DNA binding protein tags. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:1005-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ferro M, Castiglione F, Punta C, Melone L, Panzeri W, Rossi B, Trotta F, Mele A. Anomalous diffusion of Ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponge hydrogels: an HRMAS NMR study. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2715-23. [PMID: 25550735 PMCID: PMC4273256 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen sodium salt (IP) was encapsulated in cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS) obtained by cross-linking of β-cyclodextrin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride (EDTAn) in two different preparations: CDNSEDTA 1:4 and 1:8, where the 1:n notation indicates the CD to EDTAn molar ratio. The entrapment of IP was achieved by swelling the two polymers with a 0.27 M solution of IP in D2O, leading to colourless, homogeneous hydrogels loaded with IP. The molecular environment and the transport properties of IP in the hydrogels were studied by high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. The mean square displacement (MSD) of IP in the gels was obtained by a pulsed field gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR pulse sequence at different observation times t d. The MSD is proportional to the observation time elevated to a scaling factor α. The α values define the normal Gaussian random motion (α = 1), or the anomalous diffusion (α < 1, subdiffusion, α > 1 superdiffusion). The experimental data here reported point out that IP undergoes subdiffusive regime in CDNSEDTA 1:4, while a slightly superdiffusive behaviour is observed in CDNSEDTA 1:8. The transition between the two dynamic regimes is triggered by the polymer structure. CDNSEDTA 1:4 is characterized by a nanoporous structure able to induce confinement effects on IP, thus causing subdiffusive random motion. CDNSEDTA 1:8 is characterized not only by nanopores, but also by dangling EDTA groups ending with ionized COO(-) groups. The negative potential provided by such groups to the polymer backbone is responsible for the acceleration effects on the IP anion thus leading to the superdiffusive behaviour observed. These results point out that HRMAS NMR spectroscopy is a powerful direct method for the assessment of the transport properties of a drug encapsulated in polymeric scaffolds. The diffusion properties of IP in CDNS can be modulated by suitable polymer synthesis; this finding opens the possibility to design suitable systems for drug delivery with predictable and desired drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ferro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 – 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 – 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 – 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 – 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 – 20133 Milano Italy
- CNR-ICRM, Via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano, Italy
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