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Cao L, Li J, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Intestinal-specific oral delivery of lactoferrin with alginate-based composite and hybrid CaCO 3-hydrogel beads. Food Chem 2024; 451:139205. [PMID: 38653102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sodium alginate hydrogel beads and sodium alginate/gellan gum composite hydrogel beads crosslinked by calcium chloride were prepared with different alginate concentrations (3-20 mg·mL-1). Additionally, a simple method for growing CaCO3in situ on the hydrogel to create novel inorganic-organic hybrid hydrogel beads was presented. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in bead formation. Swelling behavior in acidic conditions showed a maximum of 13 g/g for composite hydrogels and CaCO3-incorporated hybrid hydrogels. Lactoferrin encapsulation efficiency within these hydrogels ranged from 44.9 to 56.6%. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that these hydrogel beads withstand harsh gastric environments with <16% cumulative release of lactoferrin, achieving controlled release in intestinal surroundings. While composite sodium alginate/gellan gum beads exhibited slower gastrointestinal lactoferrin digestion, facile synthesis and pH responsiveness of CaCO3-incorporated hybrid hydrogel also provide new possibilities for future studies to construct a novel inorganic-organic synergetic system for intestinal-specific oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Global Institute of Future Technology (GIFT), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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2
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Cao L, Van de Walle D, Hirmz H, Wynendaele E, Dewettinck K, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. Food-based biomaterials: pH-responsive alginate/gellan gum/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel beads for lactoferrin delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 165:213999. [PMID: 39213959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study utilizes a combination of sodium alginate (Alg), gellan gum (GG), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to fabricate a ternary composite hydrogel system to encapsulate and release lactoferrin (LF). Rheological properties as well as extensive microscopy and spectroscopy characterization are performed on these materials demonstrating that the physical properties of the resultant hydrogels, such as particle size, water content, gray value, and shrinkage rate were related to the concentration of Alg. In addition, most of these hydrogels were found to have reticulated shells and inner laminar structures assembled based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency of LF in hydrogels ranged from 78.3 ± 0.3 to 83.5 ± 0.2 %. Notably, a small amount of encapsulated LF was released from the hydrogel beads in an acid environment (up to 2.2 ± 0.3 % in 2 h), while a controlled release manner was found to take place in an alkaline environment. This phenomenon indicated the potential of these hydrogels as promising matrices for bioactive compound loading and adsorption. The release mechanism varied from Alg concentration suggesting the tunable and versatile properties of this ternary composite hydrogel system. Our findings identify the potential of Alg-GG-CMC hydrogel as a delivery system suitable for various applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davy Van de Walle
- Food Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Hirmz
- Drug Quality & Registration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality & Registration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Food Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Srivastava N, Roy Choudhury A. Thermo-reversible self-assembled novel gellan gum hydrogels containing amino acid biogelators with antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121462. [PMID: 37985076 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogels derived from natural polymers have gained considerable attention. However, lack of mechanical strength and poor stability has become major lacuna of such systems. Scientists have attempted to resolve this problem by introducing chemical cross-linkers or synthetic modifications of natural polymers. In contrast, biological cross-linkers may be more beneficial due to their cytocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. As a biogelator, amino acids (AA) may be lucrative, yet they remain untapped till date. Present study, for the first time, reports exploitation of ʟ-Lysine, ʟ-Arginine, ʟ-Aspartic acid, and ʟ-Glutamic acid as biogelator to fabricate novel gellan gum (GG) hydrogels through green chemistry. Furthermore, as a first instance, molecular docking was applied to gain insight into the interaction between GG and AA. As predicted through docking, physical cross-linking of these hydrogels accounted for their thermo-reversibility. Moreover, to assess the suitability of prepared hydrogel for its intended use, systematic characterization studies were performed via FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA. Additionally, rheological behavior of hydrogels was investigated using variety of parameters. Interestingly, GG-AA hydrogels exhibited around 99 % antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. According to the findings of this study, these novel hydrogels may have immense potential in the food and biomedical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Srivastava
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
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4
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Yuan J, Dai B, Cui X, Li P. The effects of electrodeposition temperature on morphology and corrosion resistance of calcium phosphorus coatings on magnesium alloy: comparative experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34145-34156. [PMID: 38020025 PMCID: PMC10663882 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, CaP coatings were prepared on the surface of an AZ31B magnesium alloy using electroplating in order to slow down the degradation rate of magnesium alloy in the simulated physiological environment. The effect of plating temperature on the properties of CaP coatings was investigated by combining experimental techniques with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The surface morphology of CaP coatings changed from dendritic lamellar to granular structure with the increase of plating temperature, but the main structure of CaP coatings prepared at all temperatures was CaHPO4·2H2O. The CaP coatings prepared at 60 °C have higher corrosion resistance compared to coatings prepared at other temperatures. The MD simulation revealed the DCPD/Mg interfacial binding mechanism, and DCPD/Mg could form a stable interfacial layer at different temperatures because the binding energy was negative. HPO42- and H2O groups in the DCPD structure acted as riveting groups in the interfacial layer and formed Mg-HPO42- and Mg-H2O dipole pairs with Mg respectively through electrostatic interaction and van der Waals forces. The interfacial bonding energy between DCPD/Mg reached its lowest at 60 °C and the relative contents of HPO42- and H2O in the interface layer were the highest at this temperature, which may explain the high corrosion resistance and high bonding force of CaP coatings prepared at this temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, Qinghai Minzu University Xining Qinghai 810007 P. R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, Qinghai Minzu University Xining Qinghai 810007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, Qinghai Minzu University Xining Qinghai 810007 P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital Xining Qinghai 810000 P. R. China
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5
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Barua R, Daly-Seiler CS, Chenreghanianzabi Y, Markel D, Li Y, Zhou M, Ren W. Comparing the physicochemical properties of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and polymeric DCPD (P-DCPD) cement particles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1644-1655. [PMID: 33655715 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new and injectable poly-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (P-DCPD) forming cement. The key structural difference between P-DCPD and classical DCPD is that P-DCPD is composed of interconnected P-DCPD crystals by interlocking to the polyphosphate chains. In contrast, DCPD is composed of a package of DCPD crystals with weak mutual ionic bonding. The purpose of this continuing study was to compare the physicochemical properties between P-DCPD and DCPD cement particles. Data collected from SEM, X-ray diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopy approaches demonstrated that P-DCPD has a more stable chemical structure than DCPD as evidenced by much less transformation to hydroxyapatite (HA) during setting. Nanoindentation showed a similar hardness while the elastic modulus of P-DCPD is much lower than DCPD that might be due to the much less HA transformation of P-DCPD. P-DCPD has much lower zeta potential and less hydrophilicity than DCPD because of its entangled and interconnected polyphosphate chains. It is expected that superhydrophilic DCPD undergoes faster dissolution than P-DCPD in an aqueous environment. Another interesting finding is that the pH of eluent from P-DCPD is more neutral (6.6-7.1) than DCPD (5.5-6.5). More extensive experiments are currently underway to further evaluate the potential impacts of the different physiochemical performance observed of P-DCPD and DCPD cement particles on the biocompatibility, degradation behavior and bone defect healing efficacy both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Barua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Conor S Daly-Seiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Markel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Weiping Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Iordachescu A, Williams RL, Hulley PA, Grover LM. Organotypic Culture of Bone-Like Structures Using Composite Ceramic-Fibrin Scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 48:e79. [DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iordachescu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford; Old Road, Headington Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A. Hulley
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford; Old Road, Headington Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
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7
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Dorrepaal RM, Gowen AA. Identification of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Biomaterial Heterogeneity using Raman Chemical Mapping and NIR Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13034. [PMID: 30158695 PMCID: PMC6115415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated spatial heterogeneity in magnesium oxychloride cements within a model of a mould using hyperspectral chemical imaging (HCI). The ability to inspect cements within a mould allows for the assessment of material formation in real time in addition to factors affecting ultimate material formation. Both macro scale NIR HCI and micro scale pixel-wise Raman chemical mapping were employed to characterise the same specimens. NIR imaging is rapid, however spectra are often convoluted through the overlapping of overtone peaks, which can make interpretation difficult. Raman spectra are more easily interpretable, however Raman imaging can suffer from slower acquisition times, particularly when the signal to noise ratio is relatively poor and the spatial resolution is high. To overcome the limitations of both, Raman/NIR data fusion techniques were explored and implemented. Spectra collected using both modalities were co-registered and intra and inter-modality peak correlations were investigated while k-means cluster patterns were compared. In addition, partial least squares regression models, built using NIR spectra, predicted chemical-identifying Raman peaks with an R2 of up to >0.98. As macro scale imaging presented greater data collection speeds, chemical prediction maps were built using NIR HCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M Dorrepaal
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aoife A Gowen
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Diaz-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Triñanes P, Echezarreta López MM, Santoveña A, Landin M. Mineralized alginate hydrogels using marine carbonates for bone tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:235-242. [PMID: 29804973 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The search for an ideal bone tissue replacement has led to the development of new composite materials designed to simulate the complex inorganic/organic structure of bone. The present work is focused on the development of mineralized calcium alginate hydrogels by the addition of marine derived calcium carbonate biomineral particles. Following a novel approach, we were able to obtain calcium carbonate particles of high purity and complex micro and nanostructure dependent on the source material. Three different types of alginates were selected to develop inorganic/organic scaffolds in order to correlate alginate composition with scaffold properties and cell behavior. The incorporation of calcium carbonates into alginate networks was able to promote extracellular matrix mineralization and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells when added at 7 mg/ml. We demonstrated that the selection of the alginate type and calcium carbonate origin is crucial to obtain adequate systems for bone tissue engineering as they modulate the mechanical properties and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Diaz-Rodriguez
- Dpto. Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería en Red para el Envejecimiento Saludable-IBEROS Network, Spain.
| | | | - M M Echezarreta López
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Sección de Farmacia, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - A Santoveña
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Sección de Farmacia, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - M Landin
- Dpto. Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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9
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Arbez B, Kün-Darbois JD, Convert T, Guillaume B, Mercier P, Hubert L, Chappard D. Biomaterial granules used for filling bone defects constitute 3D scaffolds: porosity, microarchitecture and molecular composition analyzed by microCT and Raman microspectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:415-423. [PMID: 29675998 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are used in the granular form to fill small bone defects. Granules can be prepared with a grinder from trabecular bone samples or provided as synthetic biomaterials by industry. Granules occupy the 3D-space and create a macroporosity allowing invasion of vascular and bone cells when the inter-granular pores are larger than 300 µm. We compared the 3D-porosity of granule stacks obtained or prepared with nine biomaterials Osteopure® , Lubboc® , Bio-Oss® , CopiOs® , TCP Dental® , TCP Dental HP® , KeraOs® , and TCH® in comparison with that of human trabecular bone. For each biomaterial, two sizes of granules were analyzed: 250-1000 and 1000-2000 µm. Microcomputed tomography determined porosity and microarchitectural characteristics of granular stacks and Raman microspectroscopy was used to analyze their composition. Stacks of 250-1000 µm granules had a much lower porosity than 1000-2000 µm granules and the maximum frequency of pores was always centered at 200-250 µm. One biomaterial contained substantial amount of cortical bone (Bio-Oss® ). The highest porosity and pore size was obtained with TCP Dental HP. Raman spectroscopy found differences in biomaterials of the same composition. Stacks of granules represent 3D scaffolds resembling trabecular bone with an interconnected porous microarchitecture. Small granules have created pores <300 µm in diameter; this can interfere with vascular colonization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 415-423, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Arbez
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Kün-Darbois
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.,Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Convert
- CFI, Collège Français d'Implantologie, 6 rue de Rome, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Guillaume
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.,CFI, Collège Français d'Implantologie, 6 rue de Rome, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mercier
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Hubert
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.,Département de chirurgie osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM - LabCom NextBone, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
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10
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Stevens LR, Gilmore KJ, Wallace GG, In Het Panhuis M. Tissue engineering with gellan gum. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1276-90. [PMID: 27426524 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues for research and clinical applications relies on high-performance biomaterials that are amenable to biofabrication, maintain mechanical integrity, support specific cell behaviours, and, ultimately, biodegrade. In most cases, complex tissues will need to be fabricated from not one, but many biomaterials, which collectively fulfill these demanding requirements. Gellan gum is an anionic polysaccharide with potential to fill several key roles in engineered tissues, particularly after modification and blending. This review focuses on the present state of research into gellan gum, from its origins, purification and modification, through processing and biofabrication options, to its performance as a cell scaffold for both soft tissue and load bearing applications. Overall, we find gellan gum to be a highly versatile backbone material for tissue engineering research, upon which a broad array of form and functionality can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Stevens
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - K J Gilmore
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - G G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - M In Het Panhuis
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Soft Materials Group, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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11
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Bjørnøy SH, Bassett DC, Ucar S, Strand BL, Andreassen JP, Sikorski P. A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:254-66. [PMID: 27567962 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre H Bjørnøy
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - David C Bassett
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Seniz Ucar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit L Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jens-Petter Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Bannerman A, Williams RL, Cox SC, Grover LM. Visualising phase change in a brushite-based calcium phosphate ceramic. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32671. [PMID: 27604149 PMCID: PMC5015027 DOI: 10.1038/srep32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The resorption of brushite-based bone cements has been shown to be highly unpredictable, with strong dependence on a number of conditions. One of the major factors is phase transformation, with change to more stable phases such as hydroxyapatite affecting the rate of resorption. Despite its importance, the analysis of phase transformation has been largely undertaken using methods that only detect crystalline composition and give no information on the spatial distribution of the phases. In this study confocal Raman microscopy was used to map cross-sections of brushite cylinders aged in Phosphate Buffered Saline, Foetal Bovine Serum, Dulbecco's - Minimum Essential Medium (with and without serum). Image maps showed the importance of ageing medium on the phase composition throughout the ceramic structure. When aged without serum, there was dissolution of the brushite phase concomitant to the deposition of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) around the periphery of the sample. The deposition of OCP was detectable within five days and reduced the rate of brushite dissolution from the material. The use of serum, even at a concentration of 10vol% prevented phase transformation. This paper demonstrates the value of confocal Raman microscopy in monitoring phase change in biocements; it also demonstrates the problems with assessing material degradation in non-serum containing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bannerman
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R. L. Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S. C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - L. M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Eisenstein NM, Cox SC, Williams RL, Stapley SA, Grover LM. Bedside, Benchtop, and Bioengineering: Physicochemical Imaging Techniques in Biomineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:507-28. [PMID: 26789418 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able to measure the distribution, quantity, and the mechanical and chemical properties of mineralization within a wide variety of substrates from injured muscle to electrospun polymer scaffolds and everything in between. The techniques available to measure these properties are highly diverse in terms of their complexity and utility. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that those who intend to use them have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and its appropriateness to their specific application. This review provides all of this information for each technique and uses heterotopic ossification and engineered bone substitutes as examples to illustrate how these techniques have been applied. In addition, we provide novel data using advanced techniques to analyze human samples of combat related heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M. Eisenstein
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine; ICT Centre; Vincent Drive; Edgbaston B15 2SQ UK
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Stapley
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine; ICT Centre; Vincent Drive; Edgbaston B15 2SQ UK
| | - Liam M. Grover
- Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
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Bjørnøy SH, Bassett DC, Ucar S, Andreassen JP, Sikorski P. Controlled mineralisation and recrystallisation of brushite within alginate hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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