1
|
Red Blood Cell Inspired Strategies for Drug Delivery: Emerging Concepts and New Advances. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2673-2698. [PMID: 35794397 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the past five decades, red blood cells (RBCs) have been extensively explored as drug delivery systems due to their distinguishing potential in modulating the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and biological activity of carried payloads. The extensive interests in RBC-mediated drug delivery technologies are in part derived from RBCs' unique biological features such as long circulation time, wide access to many tissues in the body, and low immunogenicity. Owing to these outstanding properties, a large body of efforts have led to the development of various RBC-inspired strategies to enable precise drug delivery with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced off-target toxicity. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts and new advances in such RBC-inspired strategies, including native RBCs, ghost RBCs, RBC-mimetic nanoparticles, and RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, for drug delivery.
Collapse
|
2
|
Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Singh N. Red blood cells membrane-derived nanoparticles: Applications and key challenges in their clinical translation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1776. [PMID: 35106966 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membrane-derived nanoparticles, particularly of red blood cells (RBCs), represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems. The lack of nucleus and organelles in these cells makes them easy to process and empty out intracellular contents. The empty vesicle membranes can then be either used as a coating on nanoparticles or can be reassembled into a nanovesicle. Engineered RBCs membrane has unique ability to retain its lipid bilayer architecture with host's proteins during top-down approach, thus allowing it to form stable nanoformulations mimicking RBCs stealth properties. In addition, its core-shell structure allows loading of different drug molecules, and its surface chemistry can be manipulated by facile conjugation with ligands on the shell. The remarkable ability of RBCs membrane to fuse with membranes of other cells enables the formation of hybrid nanovesicles. In this review, we highlight the biomedical applications of such vesicles and discuss the potential challenges related to its clinical translation. Although nano-RBCs retain much of the host's proteins, which may give an edge over synthetic nanoparticles in terms of lower immunogenicity, its production at industrial level is more challenging. This review gives the critical analysis of barriers involved in the translation of RBCs-derived nanoparticles from preclinical to clinical level. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malhotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Biomedical Engineering unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agarwal V, Gupta V, Bhardwaj VK, Singh K, Khullar P, Bakshi MS. Hemolytic Response of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles at the Interface and in Bulk: Extraction of Blood Cells by Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6428-6441. [PMID: 35090343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-active and water-soluble magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in the presence of a series of amphiphilic molecules of different functional groups to determine the hemolytic response and their ability to extract blood cells across the interface and aqueous bulk while maintaining minimum hemolysis. Amphiphilic molecules such as Gemini surfactants of strong hydrophobicity and low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance produced surface-active magnetic NPs, which were highly cytotoxic even when placed at the blood suspension (aqueous)-air interface. A similar behavior was shown by water-soluble magnetic NPs produced using monomeric ionic and nonionic surfactants and different amino acids. The NPs produced using mild biological surfactants and mono- and oligosaccharides of the same functional group proved to be excellent blood cell extractors with minimum hemolysis. α/β-cyclodextrin and dextrose-stabilized magnetic NPs induced negligible hemolysis and extracted more than 50% of blood cells. The results showed that nontoxic magnetic NPs are excellent blood cell extractors from the blood suspension when tagged with amphiphilic molecules possessing good biocompatibility with cell membranes without inducing hemolysis. The work highlights the biological applicability of nontoxic magnetic NPs at biointerfaces and in blood suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
- Department of Chemistry, B.B.K. D.A.V. College for Women, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Kultar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, G. T. Road, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Khullar
- Department of Chemistry, B.B.K. D.A.V. College for Women, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mandeep Singh Bakshi
- Department of Chemistry, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin─Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay 54311 7001, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta A, Das R, Makabenta JM, Gupta A, Zhang X, Jeon T, Huang R, Liu Y, Gopalakrishnan S, Milán RC, Rotello VM. Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of bioorthogonal nanozymes for selective targeting of bacterial infections. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3424-3431. [PMID: 34700339 PMCID: PMC8629964 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal transformation of imaging and therapeutic substrates using transition metal catalysts (TMCs) provides a toolkit with diverse applications in biomedicine. Controlled localization of bioorthogonal catalysis is key for enhancing their therapeutic efficacy by minimizing off-target effects. Red blood cells (RBCs) are highly biocompatible and are susceptible to hemolysis by bacterial toxins, providing them with intrinsic targeting to bacterial infections. A hitchhiking strategy using RBCs is reported, that activates bioorthogonal catalysis at infection sites. A library of nanoparticles embedded with TMCs (nanozymes) featuring diverse functional groups with different binding ability to RBCs is generated. These engineered nanozymes bind to RBCs and subsequently release upon hemolysis by bacterial toxins, resulting in selective accumulation at the site of bacterial infections. The antimicrobial action is specific: catalytic activation of pro-antibiotics eradicated pathogenic biofilms without harming non-virulent bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Riddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jessa Marie Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, MA 01003, Amherst, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Roberto-Cao Milán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia L, Zhang P, Sun H, Dai Y, Liang S, Bai X, Feng L. Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2790. [PMID: 34835553 PMCID: PMC8622036 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer treatment. The effect of drug delivery is regulated by the properties of nanoparticles. There have been many studies focusing on optimizing the structure of nanoparticles in recent years, and a series of achievements have been made. This review summarizes the optimization strategies of nanoparticles from three aspects-improving biocompatibility, increasing the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles, and improving the drug loading rate of nanoparticles-aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the subsequent drug delivery of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai Y, Bai X, Jia L, Sun H, Feng Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Chen Y, Ji Y, Zhang D, Chen H, Feng L. Precise Control of Customized Macrophage Cell Robot for Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors with Minimal Invasion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103986. [PMID: 34510759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Injecting micro/nanorobots into the body to kill tumors is one of the ultimate ambitions for medical nanotechnology. However, injecting current micro/nanorobots based on 3D-printed biocompatible materials directly into blood vessels for targeted therapy is often difficult, and mistakes in targeting can cause serious side effects, such as blood clots, oxidative stress, or inflammation. The natural affinity of macrophages to tumors, and their natural phagocytosis and ability to invade tumors, make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles for targeted tumor therapy. Hence, a magnetically controlled cell robot (MCR) based on a macrophage drug carrier is proposed. Here, living macrophages are converted into MCRs through endocytosis of specially-designed magnetic nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and indocyanine green. Following this, the MCRs can be transported to tumors through the blood vessels using external magnetic fields, and penetrate the blood vessels into the interior of the tumor due to their deformability. With the MCR's cascaded drug release, targeted killing of tumors in mice is demonstrated, with minimal effects on the normal surrounding tissue. The ability to impart precise drug doses onto natural cells, such as macrophages, and load various functional components into the MCRs, offers an efficient method for precise targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiming Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Electroosmotic flow modulation for improved electrokinetic preconcentration: Application to capillary electrophoresis of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1161:338466. [PMID: 33896565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is reported in this study a new approach for modulation and even suppression of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) to achieve better electrokinetic preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. This is based on the augmentation of the buffer's concentrations to very high levels (more than a thousand of mM) without recourse to any dynamic/permanent coating nor viscous gel. The use of large weakly charged molecules as background electrolyte's constituents allows working at extreme concentration ranges without penalty of high electric currents and Joule heating. By this way, the electroosmotic mobility could be modulated over a wide range (2-60 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 under alkaline conditions), and suppressed to levels equivalent to those obtained with several neutral coatings. The highest buffer concentrations, and the lowest EOF magnitudes, accordingly, were achieved with diethanolamine/3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (ionic strength (IS) of 250 mM, pH 9.5), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)/2-(Cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) (IS of 280 mM, pH 8.7) and triethanolamine/2-(Cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (IS of 250 mM, pH 8.5). For demonstration, this new approach was applied for sensitive determination of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (CSMNPs) having high potential for healthcare applications such as imaging agents for diagnostics and controllable cargos for nanomedicine. Different profiles were achieved for purpose-made and commercial magnetic nanoparticles using CE coupled with light-emitting-diode induced fluorescence (LEDIF) detection. The best performance for EOF-assisted preconcentration and CE-LEDIF of CSMNPs was achieved with these nanoparticles prepared in TRIS/CHES (IS 10 mM, pH 8.4) for preconcentration, and separation under BGE of TRIS/CHES (IS 100 mM, pH 8.4). Compared to the conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE-UV) method for characterization of magnetic nanoparticles, our proposed approach with fluorescent detection and EOF-assisted preconcentration offers almost 350-fold sensitivity improvement. Furthermore, our scheme can be used for monitoring the interaction between CSMNPs and target pharmaceutical molecules, serving for drug delivery development. A preliminary study with two antibiotics using this approach revealed that kanamycin interacts better with the target nanoparticles than amikacin.
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh MP, Flynn NH, Sethuraman SN, Manouchehri S, Ritchey J, Liu J, Ramsey JD, Pope C, Ranjan A. Reprogramming the rapid clearance of thrombolytics by nanoparticle encapsulation and anchoring to circulating red blood cells. J Control Release 2021; 329:148-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Red blood cells as an efficient in vitro model for evaluating the efficacy of metallic nanoparticles. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:279. [PMID: 31245243 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and the linings of blood vessels may be regarded as a fifth tissue type. The human body contains 5 × 109 red blood cells (RBCs) per ml, a total of 2.5 × 1013 cells in the 5 l of blood present in the body. With an average lifetime of 125 days, human RBCs are destroyed by leukocytes in the spleen and liver. Nowadays red blood cells are extensively used to study various metabolic functions. Nanoparticles (NP) are being widely accepted for drug delivery system. This review summarizes the red blood cells, NPs and their characteristics on the basis of the RBC components along with drug delivery systems through RBCs. Further, we also discussed that how erythrocytes can be used as an efficient in vitro model for evaluating the efficacy of various nanocomposite materials.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang K, Cao Y, Kuang Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Wang Z, Hong S, Wang J, Pei R. Gd 2O 3 and GH combined with red blood cells to improve the sensitivity of contrast agents for cancer targeting MR imaging. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:46-49. [PMID: 27840866 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated efficient MR imaging probes by incorporating gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3) and gadolinium hybrid nanoparticles (GH) within RBCs. The Gd2O3 and GH encapsulated in the RBCs exhibited high relaxation rates and revealed high sensitivity for T1 MR imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunchi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ye Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zhili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shanni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:88-103. [PMID: 26941164 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) constitute a unique drug delivery system as a biologic or hybrid carrier capable of greatly enhancing pharmacokinetics, altering pharmacodynamics (for example, by changing margination within the intravascular space), and modulating immune responses to appended cargoes. Strategies for RBC drug delivery systems include internal and surface loading, and the latter can be performed both ex vivo and in vivo. A relatively new avenue for RBC drug delivery is their application as a carrier for nanoparticles. Efforts are also being made to incorporate features of RBCs in nanocarriers to mimic their most useful aspects, such as long circulation and stealth features. RBCs have also recently been explored as carriers for the delivery of antigens for modulation of immune response. Therefore, RBC-based drug delivery systems represent supercarriers for a diverse array of biomedical interventions, and this is reflected by several industrial and academic efforts that are poised to enter the clinical realm.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H. Erythrocytes in nanomedicine: an optimal blend of natural and synthetic materials. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1024-31. [PMID: 27090487 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid approach strategy using synthetic nanoparticles and erythrocytes offers an optimal blend of natural and synthetic materials. The combined advantages of erythrocytes and nanoparticles could serve as an immune-evasive multifunctional platform. This review summarized the research on state-of-the-art and significant advances in erythrocytes for nanomedicine, and presented are their fabrication process, their unique properties and applications. According to its structure, this review mainly focuses on three kinds of erythrocyte-based nanomedicine: whole erythrocytes as carriers, cell membrane coated nanoparticles, and nanoerythrosomes. In addition, some future prospects are also prudentially addressed. We expect rapid success in the advancement of erythrocyte-based nanomedicines, from the bench to the bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan S, Wu T, Zhang D, Zhang Z. Cell or cell membrane-based drug delivery systems. Theranostics 2015; 5:863-81. [PMID: 26000058 PMCID: PMC4440443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural cells have been explored as drug carriers for a long period. They have received growing interest as a promising drug delivery system (DDS) until recently along with the development of biology and medical science. The synthetic materials, either organic or inorganic, are found to be with more or less immunogenicity and/or toxicity. The cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are endogenous and thought to be much safer and friendlier. Furthermore, in view of their host attributes, they may achieve different biological effects and/or targeting specificity, which can meet the needs of personalized medicine as the next generation of DDS. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in cell or cell membrane-based DDS and their fabrication processes, unique properties and applications, including the whole cells, EVs and cell membrane coated nanoparticles. We expect the continuing development of this cell or cell membrane-based DDS will promote their clinic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Tan
- 1. Tongji School of Pharmacy
- 2. National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- 3. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel DDS, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P R China
| | | | | | - Zhiping Zhang
- 1. Tongji School of Pharmacy
- 2. National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- 3. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel DDS, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P R China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Comprehensive Study of Silanization and Co-Condensation for Straightforward Single-Step Covalent Neutral Capillary Coating. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Yallapu MM, Chauhan N, Othman SF, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Ebeling MC, Khan S, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Implications of protein corona on physico-chemical and biological properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2015; 46:1-12. [PMID: 25678111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of serum proteins and nanoparticles leads to a nanoparticle-protein complex formation that defines the rational strategy for a clinically relevant formulation for drug delivery, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications in cancer nanomedicine. Given this perspective, we have examined the pattern of human serum protein corona formation with our recently engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The alteration in particle size, zeta potential, hemotoxicity, cellular uptake/cancer cells targeting potential, and MRI properties of the MNPs after formation of human serum (HS) protein corona were studied. Our results indicated no significant change in particle size of our MNPs upon incubation with 0.5-50 wt/v% human serum, while zeta potential of MNPs turned negative due to human serum adsorption. When incubated with an increased serum and particle concentration, apolipoprotein E was adsorbed on the surface of MNPs apart from serum albumin and transferrin. However, there was no significant primary or secondary structural alterations observed in serum proteins through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and circular dichroism. Hemolysis assay suggests almost no hemolysis at the tested concentrations (up to 1 mg/mL) for MNPs compared to the sodium dodecyl sulfate (positive control). Additionally, improved internalization and uptake of MNPs by C4-2B and Panc-1 cancer cells were observed upon incubation with human serum (HS). After serum protein adsorption to the surface of MNPs, the close vicinity within T1 (∼1.33-1.73 s) and T2 (∼12.35-13.43 ms) relaxation times suggest our MNPs retained inherent MRI potential even after biomolecular protein adsorption. All these superior clinical parameters potentially enable clinical translation and use of this formulation for next generation nanomedicine for drug delivery, cancer-targeting, imaging and theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Shadi F Othman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mara C Ebeling
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Drašler B, Drobne D, Novak S, Valant J, Boljte S, Otrin L, Rappolt M, Sartori B, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Šuštar V, Makovec D, Gyergyek S, Hočevar M, Godec M, Zupanc J. Effects of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on biological and artificial lipid membranes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1559-81. [PMID: 24741305 PMCID: PMC3970951 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this work is to provide experimental evidence on the interactions of suspended nanoparticles with artificial or biological membranes and to assess the possibility of suspended nanoparticles interacting with the lipid component of biological membranes. Methods 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid vesicles and human red blood cells were incubated in suspensions of magnetic bare cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or citric acid (CA)-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and glucose solution. The stability of POPC giant unilamellar vesicles after incubation in the tested nanoparticle suspensions was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy and analyzed with computer-aided imaging. Structural changes in the POPC multilamellar vesicles were assessed by small angle X-ray scattering, and the shape transformation of red blood cells after incubation in tested suspensions of nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy and sedimentation, agglutination, and hemolysis assays. Results Artificial lipid membranes were disturbed more by CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions than by bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions. CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4-CA nanoparticles caused more significant shape transformation in red blood cells than bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Conclusion Consistent with their smaller sized agglomerates, CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrate more pronounced effects on artificial and biological membranes. Larger agglomerates of nanoparticles were confirmed to be reactive against lipid membranes and thus not acceptable for use with red blood cells. This finding is significant with respect to the efficient and safe application of nanoparticles as medicinal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Valant
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute of Microbial Sciences and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lado Otrin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy ; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Godec
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oien NP, Nguyen LT, Jernigan FE, Priestman MA, Lawrence DS. Long-Wavelength Fluorescent Reporters for Monitoring Protein Kinase Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Oien NP, Nguyen LT, Jernigan FE, Priestman MA, Lawrence DS. Long-wavelength fluorescent reporters for monitoring protein kinase activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3975-8. [PMID: 24604833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging must contend with the limitations imposed by the optical window of tissue (600-1000 nm). Although a wide array of fluorophores are available that are visualized in the red and near-IR region of the spectrum, with the exception of proteases, there are few long wavelength probes for enzymes. This situation poses a particular challenge for studying the intracellular biochemistry of erythrocytes, the high hemoglobin content of which optically obscures subcellular monitoring at wavelengths less than 600 nm. To address this, tunable fluorescent reporters for protein kinase activity were developed. The probing wavelength is preprogrammed by using readily available fluorophores, thereby enabling detection within the optical window of tissue, specifically in the far-red and near-IR region. These agents were used to monitor endogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in erythrocyte lysates and in intact erythrocytes when using a light-activatable reporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Oien
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and the Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|