Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems

Novel applications of magnetic fields in analytical chemistry have become a remarkable trend in the last two decades. Various magnetic forces have been employed for the migration, orientation, manipulation, and trapping of microparticles, and new analytical platforms for separating and detecting molecules have been proposed. Magnetic materials such as functional magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and specially designed magnetic solids and liquids have also been developed for analytical purposes. Numerous attractive applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces on magnetic and non-magnetic materials have been studied, but fundamental studies to understand the working principles of magnetic forces have been challenging. These studies will form a new field of magneto-analytical science, which should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. In this review, essential pioneering works and recent attractive developments are presented.

Application of magnetic nanomaterials in magnetic-chromatography: A review

With the advent of nanotechnology and its development, there have been dramatic advances in various aspects of diverse sciences. Nanotechnology encompasses the manipulating matter to create nanometre-scale materials with prodigious features and their implementation in a vast range of applications. The topic that is the current debate in today's scientific community and the transformation origin in modern technologies. Magnetic nanomaterials belong to the group of materials mainly consisting of a magnetic component, such as iron, and a chemical functionality agent. Hitherto, several reports on these materials have been published in various sciences, including chemistry, and their applications have been discussed from different perspectives. One of the most interesting aspects of these materials is in a special type of chromatographic techniques, called "magnetic-chromatography" as well as "magneto-chromatography". The subject that has been somewhat underestimated compared to the other practical aspects of these materials. This review devotes to the recent issue and seeks to address the principles, benefits, challenges, analytical data, and potential applications of magnetic-chromatography in ions separation, size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles, and isolation of biologically active organic molecules. Also, the new aspects and future trends of this technique are discussed.

Magnetic optical sensor particles: a flexible analytical tool for microfluidic devices

Magnetic optical sensor particles are used to generate in situ sensor spots within microfluidic channels and serve as flexible analytical tools.